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HKBU POLS 3620, Homosexuality In Europe And Asia by NG Angel Wing Shan (06009719) and FONG Ka Yeung (07001622)
The homosexuality in ancient Greece
 Accepted without stigma
 Sometimes idealized and
institutionalized
 Lyric poets: Alcaeus, Ibycus,
Anacreon, Theognis and the
illustrious Pindar
 Tragic playwrights:
Aeschylus, Sophocles and
Euripides
 Plato’s Symposium
Angel NG
The homosexuality in ancient Greece
 The Greek mythology
 Zeus’s abduction of
Ganymede
 Prototype for the
homosexuality
Angel NG
The homosexuality in ancient Greece
Alexander the great and
his general and bodyguard Hephaestion
Angel NG
The homosexuality in Rome
 Greek glorification of same-sex love was not being
accepted wholeheartedly
 Some Roman citizens were scorned
 The adult relationships with boys was outlawed
 Remained ambivalent about homosexuality.
 Cicero even attacked male liaisons
Angel NG
During the European middle ages
 Homosexuality was seriously condemned under
the influence of the Roman Catholic Church.
 Some educational institutions were reported to be
centres of same-sex activity.
 Practiced freely but not openly among the upper
nobility of France and Norman England.
Angel NG
During the European Renaissance
 The benighted thinking during the Middle Ages
were throw away.
 The break up of the monopoly of Roman Catholic
Church.
 ‘Unprecedented suppression of homosexuality’
due to the competitions between the Catholics and
Protestants.
Angel NG
During the European Enlightenment
 No longer viewed as an “offence
against God” or “a perversion of
God’s creative intention”
 ‘The philosophical sin’ in France
 Montesquieu
 Not a sin or sickness, but a social
problem
Angel NG
During the European Enlightenment
 Jean-Paul Marat
 Send the same-sex lovers to insane asylums
but not the prison if necessary
 Marquis de Sade
 ‘An innocent deformity’ but not a normal
variation of human sexuality.
 The abolishment of sodomy as an offence
in the Code Pénal de la Révolution in 1791
Angel NG
In today’s Europe
 General acceptance of the homosexuality
 The decline of the religious influences
 The human rights movement
 Increased economic power of women
 Miserable marriages are no longer tolerated
 A variety of family structure had to be
accepted
Angel NG
The legal recognition of same-sex marriage
 Netherlands (on 1st
April 2001)
 The first country in the world to legally recognize it
 Belgium (on 30th
January 2003)
 Achieved when the Christian Democrats party was not in the
power
 Spain (on 3rd
July 2005)
 Led by President of Spain
 Norway (on 1st
January 2009)
 The rights of parenthood
 Sweden (1st
May 2009)
 Wed same-sex couples in new gender-neutral church ceremonies
Angel NG
Civil unions and registered partnerships
 France
 The “Pacte civil de solidarité” (PACS) since 1999
 Germany
 Life Partnership Act since 2001
 Denmark
 Registered partnerships since 1st
October 1989
 Finland
 Registered partnerships since 2002
 United Kingdom
 Civil Partnerships Act since 2004
 Czech Republic, Hungary, Portugal, Iceland, Luxembourg,
Slovenia, Switzerland
Angel NG
Unregistered cohabitation
 Austria
 A registered partnership law will be announced “in a
few weeks”
 Croatia
 Under consideration
Angel NG
IMPERIAL CHINA SOCIETYIMPERIAL CHINA SOCIETY
 Great tolerance on same sex love (male)
 No serious crash on the family-system
 Appraisal by the Taoism & literature
Chris FONG
IMPERIAL CHINA SOCIETYIMPERIAL CHINA SOCIETY
Not equal to homosexuality
“Male homosexuals” never forge an
identity
Unparallel sexuality between male and
female
Chris FONG
 Introduced as a western concept
 A kind of mental disorder
 A kind of sexual perversion ( 性變態 )
 Moral decadent from the West
Homosexuality in China (<1980Homosexuality in China (<1980ss))
Chris FONG
Homosexuality in China (<1980Homosexuality in China (<1980ss))
 Political considerations
 Continue spawning is important
 Resentment on the “western exotic decadent”
 Easily related to crimes (e.g. sodomy, loitering)
Chris FONG
Homosexuality in China (<1980Homosexuality in China (<1980ss))
 No protection on the rights of
homosexuality
 Not considered by the law makers
 No associations for the homosexuals
 Easily lead to misunderstanding
 No research done on relative issue
 Homosexuals are forced to accept therapy/
re-education when caught with other crime
Chris FONG
Interaction between East & WestInteraction between East & West
(>1980(>1980ss))
 Access to the west:
 Media
 HK & Taiwan gay movement
 Rising educational level
 Participation in international academic
forum on the homosexuality
Chris FONG
Homosexuality in China (>1980Homosexuality in China (>1980ss))
 Opening attitude
 Removing homosexuality from the list of
mental disorder
 Formation of homosexual community
 Increasing studies on homosexuality in China
 Occurrence of seeking for homosexual rights
Chris FONG
Homosexuality in China (>1980Homosexuality in China (>1980ss))
 Increasing acceptance on homosexuals
 In Lee’s research (2008), more people accept:
 Equal rights between homosexuals & heterosexuals
(chat A)
 Will continue friendship (chat B)
 Equal working opportunity (chat C)
 Have films about the relative topic (chat D)
B C D
A
Chris FONG
Homosexuality in China (>1980Homosexuality in China (>1980ss))
 However, the society is not totally tolerating
 Divergence of the view between urban and rural
regions
 Many families still wish homosexuals to change
(chat E)
 Great opposition on same sex marriage (chat F)
 Social pressure and social restrictions still exist
E F
Chris FONG
HKBU POLS 3620, Homosexuality In Europe And Asia by NG Angel Wing Shan (06009719) and FONG Ka Yeung (07001622)

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HKBU POLS 3620, Homosexuality In Europe And Asia by NG Angel Wing Shan (06009719) and FONG Ka Yeung (07001622)

  • 2. The homosexuality in ancient Greece  Accepted without stigma  Sometimes idealized and institutionalized  Lyric poets: Alcaeus, Ibycus, Anacreon, Theognis and the illustrious Pindar  Tragic playwrights: Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides  Plato’s Symposium Angel NG
  • 3. The homosexuality in ancient Greece  The Greek mythology  Zeus’s abduction of Ganymede  Prototype for the homosexuality Angel NG
  • 4. The homosexuality in ancient Greece Alexander the great and his general and bodyguard Hephaestion Angel NG
  • 5. The homosexuality in Rome  Greek glorification of same-sex love was not being accepted wholeheartedly  Some Roman citizens were scorned  The adult relationships with boys was outlawed  Remained ambivalent about homosexuality.  Cicero even attacked male liaisons Angel NG
  • 6. During the European middle ages  Homosexuality was seriously condemned under the influence of the Roman Catholic Church.  Some educational institutions were reported to be centres of same-sex activity.  Practiced freely but not openly among the upper nobility of France and Norman England. Angel NG
  • 7. During the European Renaissance  The benighted thinking during the Middle Ages were throw away.  The break up of the monopoly of Roman Catholic Church.  ‘Unprecedented suppression of homosexuality’ due to the competitions between the Catholics and Protestants. Angel NG
  • 8. During the European Enlightenment  No longer viewed as an “offence against God” or “a perversion of God’s creative intention”  ‘The philosophical sin’ in France  Montesquieu  Not a sin or sickness, but a social problem Angel NG
  • 9. During the European Enlightenment  Jean-Paul Marat  Send the same-sex lovers to insane asylums but not the prison if necessary  Marquis de Sade  ‘An innocent deformity’ but not a normal variation of human sexuality.  The abolishment of sodomy as an offence in the Code Pénal de la Révolution in 1791 Angel NG
  • 10. In today’s Europe  General acceptance of the homosexuality  The decline of the religious influences  The human rights movement  Increased economic power of women  Miserable marriages are no longer tolerated  A variety of family structure had to be accepted Angel NG
  • 11. The legal recognition of same-sex marriage  Netherlands (on 1st April 2001)  The first country in the world to legally recognize it  Belgium (on 30th January 2003)  Achieved when the Christian Democrats party was not in the power  Spain (on 3rd July 2005)  Led by President of Spain  Norway (on 1st January 2009)  The rights of parenthood  Sweden (1st May 2009)  Wed same-sex couples in new gender-neutral church ceremonies Angel NG
  • 12. Civil unions and registered partnerships  France  The “Pacte civil de solidarité” (PACS) since 1999  Germany  Life Partnership Act since 2001  Denmark  Registered partnerships since 1st October 1989  Finland  Registered partnerships since 2002  United Kingdom  Civil Partnerships Act since 2004  Czech Republic, Hungary, Portugal, Iceland, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Switzerland Angel NG
  • 13. Unregistered cohabitation  Austria  A registered partnership law will be announced “in a few weeks”  Croatia  Under consideration Angel NG
  • 14. IMPERIAL CHINA SOCIETYIMPERIAL CHINA SOCIETY  Great tolerance on same sex love (male)  No serious crash on the family-system  Appraisal by the Taoism & literature Chris FONG
  • 15. IMPERIAL CHINA SOCIETYIMPERIAL CHINA SOCIETY Not equal to homosexuality “Male homosexuals” never forge an identity Unparallel sexuality between male and female Chris FONG
  • 16.  Introduced as a western concept  A kind of mental disorder  A kind of sexual perversion ( 性變態 )  Moral decadent from the West Homosexuality in China (<1980Homosexuality in China (<1980ss)) Chris FONG
  • 17. Homosexuality in China (<1980Homosexuality in China (<1980ss))  Political considerations  Continue spawning is important  Resentment on the “western exotic decadent”  Easily related to crimes (e.g. sodomy, loitering) Chris FONG
  • 18. Homosexuality in China (<1980Homosexuality in China (<1980ss))  No protection on the rights of homosexuality  Not considered by the law makers  No associations for the homosexuals  Easily lead to misunderstanding  No research done on relative issue  Homosexuals are forced to accept therapy/ re-education when caught with other crime Chris FONG
  • 19. Interaction between East & WestInteraction between East & West (>1980(>1980ss))  Access to the west:  Media  HK & Taiwan gay movement  Rising educational level  Participation in international academic forum on the homosexuality Chris FONG
  • 20. Homosexuality in China (>1980Homosexuality in China (>1980ss))  Opening attitude  Removing homosexuality from the list of mental disorder  Formation of homosexual community  Increasing studies on homosexuality in China  Occurrence of seeking for homosexual rights Chris FONG
  • 21. Homosexuality in China (>1980Homosexuality in China (>1980ss))  Increasing acceptance on homosexuals  In Lee’s research (2008), more people accept:  Equal rights between homosexuals & heterosexuals (chat A)  Will continue friendship (chat B)  Equal working opportunity (chat C)  Have films about the relative topic (chat D) B C D A Chris FONG
  • 22. Homosexuality in China (>1980Homosexuality in China (>1980ss))  However, the society is not totally tolerating  Divergence of the view between urban and rural regions  Many families still wish homosexuals to change (chat E)  Great opposition on same sex marriage (chat F)  Social pressure and social restrictions still exist E F Chris FONG