Eccentric Fixation

Eccentric Fixation A failure of an eye in monocular vision to take up fixation with the fovea, but with some other point. This hardly occurs except in clinical conditions as the patient is generally not fixing with that eye anyway. It is only shown when the better eye is covered (Exception = microtropia with identity)

Four Theories as to the cause of Eccentric Fixation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Worth (1906)/Bangerter (1953) – Suppression Theory: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Duke-Elder (1973)/ Chavasse (1939)/Cuppers (1956): ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schor (1978) : ,[object Object]

Pickwell (1981) : ,[object Object],[object Object]

Relative Localisation ,[object Object],[object Object]

In EF the relative localisation may be as follows: - Normal or abnormal at eccentrically fixing retinal point - Normal or abnormal at the fovea of the same eye ,[object Object],[object Object]

Investigation of EF ,[object Object],[object Object]

Ophthalmoscopic Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

In amblyopia – ,[object Object]

Past Pointing Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Corneal Reflex Test ,[object Object],[object Object]

Bjerrum Screen Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Amsler Chart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

After-image Transfer Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Haidingers Brushes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acuity Measurement ,[object Object]

Neutral density Filters ,[object Object]

Speed of Accommodation ,[object Object]

Assessment of Fixation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment of EF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment of EF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Haidinger’s Brushes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Microtropia (Microsquint, microstrabismus) ,[object Object]

Certain characteristic features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

General Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Anisometropia ,[object Object]

Eccentric Fixation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Harmonious ARC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Peripheral Fusion ,[object Object],[object Object]

Monfixation syndrome ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Visual Acuity ,[object Object],[object Object]

Fixation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cover Test ,[object Object],[object Object]

4-Dioptre Prism Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bagolini Lens Test ,[object Object]

Amsler Charts ,[object Object]

Classification of Microtropia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lang – 3 types of microtropia (reference to fixation) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Heterophoria Theory: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eccentric Fixation

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Eccentric Fixation