1. Designing Guides for Blind People H. Nicolau, T. Guerreiro, J. Jorge {hman, tjvg, jaj}@vimmi.inesc-id.pt DSAI’09 4 June 2009

2. Autonomy

3. What about the others ?

5. Mobility Obstacle Avoidance

6. Orientation

7. Braille Signs Tactile Maps

8. Trekker Sendero GPS

9. They are too Heavy

10. They are too Big

11. They are too Expensive

13. Coughlan and Manduchi, 2007 Rajamaki et al., 2007 Turunen et al., 2007 Bohonos et al., 2007 Willis and Helal, 2005

15. The Main Goal Provide both Natural and Familiar Feedback

16. User Centered Design

17. Over 45 years old Low educational background Legally blind Screen reader users

18. All place and reveive calls All have a cell phone Daily usage Difficulties in text-entry

19. Need help in public buildings

20. How to guide a blind user?

21. Exploratory Experiment Analyze users’ behaviors Identify the most important information Analyze users’ mental maps evolution Study how they verbalize a route

23. Reference Points

24. Trial-and-Error

25. Explore new routes

26. Incomplete mental map

27. When they are lost …

28. Obstacles are not crucial

29. Less is Better !

30. Group Meeting

31. 1 (the best) story

32. Action

33. Direction

34. Side

35. Distance Time

36. Object

37. Action Direction ? ([ Time Side Distance ]* Object )? Instructions Regular Expression Action Object Enter the door Action Direction Turn right Action Direction Time Object Go straight ahead until you reach the door Action Direction Side Time Object Go straight ahead, by the right side, until you reach the pillar

38. Evaluation Six blind users HTC TyTn

39. Destination

40. Task Times (in seconds)

41. Thermal Map

42. User Satisfaction

43. User centered design Analyze blind users’ behaviors Familiar feedback Easily understandable instructions High user satisfaction Conclusions

44. Future Work Localization system New scenarios Explore new modalities

45. Designing Guides for Blind People H. Nicolau, T. Guerreiro, J. Jorge {hman, tjvg, jaj}@vimmi.inesc-id.pt