Towards Accessible Touch Interfaces
This document summarizes the results of a study that tested different touchscreen interaction techniques for people with motor impairments. The study tested target sizes of 7mm, 12mm and 17mm and techniques like tapping, crossing, exiting and gesturing in different screen areas like corners, edges and middle. The best target size was found to be 12mm for most techniques but error rates remained high. Interacting at screen edges had lower error rates than the middle. Gesturing was the best technique for edge targets while tapping was best for middle targets. The best technique, size and area combinations are discussed to inform the design of more accessible touch interfaces. Future work could explore differences between able-bodied users and those with motor impairments.
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Towards Accessible Touch Interfaces
- 1. Towards Accessible Touch Interfaces Tiago Guerreiro Hugo Nicolau Joaquim Jorge Daniel Gonçalves
- 3. Leading to … Touch Interfaces
- 4. pleasant
- 5. Tactile feedback loss of tactile feedback
- 6. Loss of physical stability
- 7. hard to select targets
- 8. it occurs to everyone
- 9. … and motor impaired
- 11. Adapt to users’ needs
- 12. Provide the knowledge to build better touch interfaces
- 13. We performed …
- 14. Tested several … Interaction Techniques
- 15. Screen areas … … corners
- 16. Screen areas … … edges
- 17. … and target sizes 7 mm 12 mm 17 mm
- 18. Tapping
- 19. Crossing
- 20. Exiting
- 21. Gesturing
- 22. 15 participants 28-64 years old C4-C7 lesion level 6 left-handed never used touchscreens
- 23. Results
- 24. Error Rate X
- 25. Precision
- 26. Movement Error
- 27. Movement Time t0 tn
- 28. Tapping
- 29. Target Size 50% 40% Error Rate (%) 30% 20% 10% 0% 7mm 12mm 17mm Target sizes (milimeters)
- 30. Corners and Edges precision
- 31. Vertical error rate 7mm 12mm 17mm 45% 28% 27% 39% 28% 24% 43% 19% 12%
- 32. Distance error rate 17mm 28% 20% 12% 28% 11% 20% 12% 11% 6%
- 33. Crossing
- 34. Target Size 50% 40% Error Rate (%) 30% 20% 10% 0% 7mm 12mm 17mm Target size (milimeters)
- 35. Exiting
- 36. Target Size 80% 70% 60% Error Rate (%) 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 7mm 12mm 17mm Target size (milimeters)
- 37. Gesturing
- 38. Edges 60 50 Movement Error (pixels) 40 30 20 10 0 Center Edge Gesture
- 39. Movement Error (pixels) 0 50 150 200 250 100 NW NE SW SE SLeft Directions N WUpper S E W Gesture Direction SRight NRight EUpper NLeft WBottom EBottom
- 41. All Techniques 80% 70% 60% Error Rate (%) 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 7mm 12mm 17mm Target Size (milimeters) Exiting Gestures Tapping Crossing
- 43. Interact with edge support
- 44. Interact with edge support 22% 36%
- 48. Edge or Middle
- 49. Edge or Middle
- 51. Interacting mid-screen 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 7mm 12mm 17mm Crossing GesturesM4Way Tapping Middle
- 52. Interacting mid-screen 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 7mm 12mm 17mm Crossing GesturesM4Way Tapping Middle
- 54. 5 4 3 2 1 0 Exiting Tapping Crossing Gesturing
- 55. Conclusions
- 56. What is the best size for each interaction technique?
- 57. 12 mm
- 58. However, error rates are still … High
- 59. What is the best screen area for each interaction technique?
- 63. Regarding target position … Support
- 65. What is the best interaction technique for motor- impaired people?
- 68. What is the best interaction technique for each screen area?
- 75. What is the best technique- size-area combination?
- 78. Future Work Explore target size for the target population Differences between able-bodied and tetraplegics