Lecture 4 molecules of life

You are What You Eat: Macromolecules of Life & Their Relationship to Diet and Nutrition Text Reading: Chapter 2 (p35-40), Chapter 3 (p53-62, 70-75) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Organic Molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Carbon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Composition and Shape of a Molecule is Important for its Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Giant Molecules from Smaller Building Blocks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biological Macromolecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Carbohydrates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Carbohydrates (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.12

Monosaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Disaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Disaccharides (cont’d)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Disaccharides (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Polysaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proteins ,[object Object],Structure Storage Contractile Proteins Transport Defense (Antibodies) Enzymes Hormones Signaling Proteins

The Monomers: Amino Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proteins as Polymers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.13

Protein Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Protein Structure ,[object Object],[object Object]

Protein Shape ,[object Object],Sequence of amino acids Local folding patterns Examples: alpha helix, beta pleated sheet Overall three-dimensional shape Overall shape when two or more polypeptides bind each other

What Determines Protein Structure? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proteins as Nutrients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 3.2 Lysine Valine (a) Lentils are high in lysine and low in valine. (b) Rice is low in lysine and high in valine. Lysine Valine The side groups of lysine and valine are different.

Lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.14

Fats ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fats (cont’d)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats Figure 3.4 Saturated fat Unsaturated fat

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats (cont’d)

Hydrogenation and Trans Fats ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steroids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Anabolic Steroids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nucleic Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Flow of Genetic Information in Cells

Nucleotides: Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sugar in DNA = deoxyribose Sugar in RNA = ribose ,[object Object]

[object Object],DNA as Polymers ,[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.15a

[object Object],DNA Base-Pairing Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.15a,b

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RNA

Review: Complete the Table Biological Molecule (Polymer) Subunits (Building Blocks) Functions Examples Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic acids Lipids (Fats)

You Are What You Eat Protein Steak Structural proteins, enzymes and energy Amino acids (a) Structural Proteins (b) Carbohydrate breakdown ATP Fat Butter Glycerol and fatty acids Carbohydrates Apple Structural components Energy production Build membranes Stored energy (c) Fat breakdown Fat droplet ATP ATP Figure 3.14

Reading Food Labels Unsaturated fats? Complex carbs? 1 g fat = 9 calories 1 g carb = 4 calories 1 g protein = 4 calories Check out the website links posted on MyGateway!

READ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lecture 4 molecules of life

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Lecture 4 molecules of life