The document provides an introduction to abortion and discusses several key topics: 1. It defines abortion and discusses some common reasons women seek abortions, such as financial constraints, unwanted pregnancies, and rape. 2. It examines why abortion is legal in some countries based on the idea that women have rights that embryos and fetuses lack until viability. 3. It explores some of the processes used for abortions as well as the potential health risks to women and emotional effects after an abortion. The introduction aims to answer questions about abortion procedures, legality, health risks, and reasons for seeking an abortion. It does so through defining key terms and discussing abortion from various perspectives.

1. INTRODUCTION
After researching everything about our topic on abortion, we
learned a lot about it that really answered our questions.
Abortion on the other hand, is the termination of a pregnancy
before the birth with the consequent death of a fetus. If the
fetus does not develop normally abortion may occur or the
mother’s suffers from an injury or disorder there is prevention
on her part to stretch the pregnancy to its full term. Such
spontaneous abortion is generally called as miscarriage. You
might be thinking who are the persons who are capable of
aborting infants are, well these people are rape victims,
teenagers who got pregnant accidentally, and successful singles
that was not prepared to carry a child inside them. Another
thing that bothered you is why is there a need for them to abort
their child? One of their reasons is financial incapability of
both couples. Another reason is unwanted pregnancy because they
were not prepared to have it in the first place. And those who
were victims of rape want to abort their infants because they
think that, the infant would be a memory for what had happened
to them. Here is a question that really bothered us all, why is
abortion legal to some countries? The answer may be valid or not
valid for you, but it is valid for the country that made that

2. law. Places like the US, and some places in the UK like England,
Scotland and Wales (they allow abortion until at the 24th week of
pregnancy). They made abortion legal because women are,
obviously, known human persons. They make up the majority of
known human persons. Human persons have rights that an embryo or
fetus does not have until its personhood can be established. The
point at which a fetus can be taken from the womb and, given the
proper medical care, still have a meaningful chance of long-term
survival. The government has a legitimate interest in protecting
the potential rights of the fetus, but the fetus itself does not
have rights prior to the viability threshold. While researching
about it, we also found out that there are person that use
abortion as a service. Their reason is they learn a lot from the
person that wants to abort their child. Before they abort the
baby inside the person, they ask them why they want to do it,
and why is there a need for them to abort the child. They do it
because they see it as a help for the person. They are aware
that it is a sin against the church. Some of us also wanted to
know if abortion is also carried out in the hospital. Well,
abortions are not always carried out in hospital. During early
medical abortions the tablets are administered at a hospital or
clinic, but most women return home afterwards. Vacuum
aspirations and D&Es may also take place in a hospital or
specialised and approved clinic as a day procedure, however if

3. they involve local or general anaesthetic the stay may be longer
or overnight. The question that really bothered us, is having an
abortion a risk to a woman’s health? Yes, it is a risk to
women’s health because they may experience excessive bleeding,
damage of the cervix or womb, and Post-abortion infection that
brings with it fever, discharge, bleeding or abdominal pain.
Along our research on abortion we found out that medical
abortion, suction curettage, dilation and curettage, digoxin,
and intact dilation and evacuation. Thus, there are many other
processes used for abortion which are vacuum aspiration and
dilation and curettage as well as there are surgical methods for
removal of fetus from the uterus with the advancement of science
and technology in medical realm.These are just few processes
that are being used for the deletion of an embryo or fetus of an
unborn child from the mother’s abdominal tract. Before they
become capable of surviving outside the tract this should be
resorted to. There is a strong distinction between abortion as
well as birth of a child.You might be thinking what we could do
to prevent abortion, is to implement strict laws against
abortion. Prevention is sex education for teens, if teens were
educated that further about the consequences of sex they would
be safer in doing it, and that could lessen teenage pregnancy as
well as the increasing number of abortion. The use of
contraceptives will prevent unwanted pregnancies. And lastly the

4. use of family planning, there is a lot of families that has 10
or more children; sometimes they have no choice but to abort the
infant that is still inside the mother’s womb. This happens
because there is lack of knowledge against family planning.
These preventions are just a few; many experts are already
moving to study more about the prevention of abortion in the
society, they are hoping that these could lessen the increasing
cases on abortion. There are physical and emotional effects
experienced after abortion. Physical effects of abortion are
soreness, cramping, bleeding, vomiting, and nausea. These are
just normal effects after abortion. Severe pain in the pelvis,
severe stomach pain, infection, and hemorrhage could cause death
to the person after a couple of weeks after abortion. Emotional
effects are depression, guilt for what they have done, mood
swings and relief because they got rid of something that was a
hindrance to their success or goals in life.

5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
The main problem of this issue/ topic is: “Perception on the
legalization of abortion”
Furthermore, we aim to answer the following specific questions:
1. What is abortion?
2. Is it the person’s freewill to decide whether she wants to
abort her baby or not?
3. Why do some person’s perform abortion services?
4. Are abortions carried out in the hospital? Why or why not?
5. Is having an abortion a risk to a woman’s health?
6. What are the processes used in abortion?

6. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
This study aims to provide information about the following
questions regarding abortion.
This specifically aims to:
A. Find out why is abortion legal?
B. Know the risk of abortion to a woman’s health.
C. Know why some person’s perform abortion services?
D. Know some of the processes used in abortion.

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
The study will be beneficial to the following persons:
1. High School and college students. The findings of our
research may give them knowledge about the real deal on
abortion. The knowledge that they have learned in this study
could help them in the future.
2. Persons who had undergone abortion. During our research we
have learned that there are health risks that occur after the
abortion.
3. Persons who needs more information regarding the issue/topic.
In this research, we focused more on some questions that people
wants to know about abortion.

8. DEFINITION OF TERMS:
LEGALIZATION-is the process of removing a legal prohibition
against something which is currently not legal. Legalization is
a process often applied to what are regarded, by those working
towards legalization, as victimless crimes, of which one example
is the consumption of illegal drugs (see Drug legalization).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalization
PERCEPTION- is the process of
attaining awareness or understanding of the environment by
organizing and interpreting sensory information. All perception
involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result
from physical stimulation of the sense organs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception
MISCARRIAGE- is the spontaneous end of a pregnancy at a stage
where the embryo or fetus is incapable of surviving
independently, generally defined in humans at prior to 20 weeks
of gestation. Miscarriage is the most common complication of
early pregnancy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscarriage

9. Medical abortion- It is a form of procedure and technique that
does not necessitate surgery but induces the process through the
induction of medication for all intents and purposes or
susceptible to miscarriages. Doctors advise various medications
such as mifepristone as well as misoprostol. This procedure
takes care of various weeks of implementation for the purposes
of carrying out this process without endangering the life of the
mother at the same time.
http://www.bestpregnancytips.com/abortion-techniques-methods-
types/
Suction Curettage– This procedure is also known as menstrual
extraction or vacuum aspiration. It is the most common technique
adopted in the United States of America by involving an
obstetrician or a gynecologist for insertion of a tube akin to
the size of a pencil which should be connected to a powerful
vacuum or hand pump into the fetus of the woman which can be
dilated with rods which are in a tapered form. This procedure
utilizes a powerful vacuum that rips apart an unborn child’s
body by collecting
the various pieces in a jar. The doctor later checks the jar for
making sure that none of the parts of the body were left inside
or could cause some kind of an infection.

10. http://www.bestpregnancytips.com/abortion-techniques-methods-
types/
Dilation and Curettage – This procedure involves the process of
surgery for dilation of the cervix as well as scraping of the
fetus with a curette for removal of contents of fetus. These are
commonly performed during the course of the first trimester of
pregnancy.
http://www.bestpregnancytips.com/abortion-techniques-methods-
types/
Dilation and Evacuation – This procedure is performed during the
course of the second trimester of pregnancy. In this procedure a
gynecologist rips open a child apart in the fetus with the help
of forceps or other surgical tools.
http://www.bestpregnancytips.com/abortion-techniques-methods-
types/
Digoxin – The procedure of Digoxin is utilized during the course
of second and third trimesters for the purposes of carrying on

11. this process. You can also utilize the aids of an ultrasound for
enabling injection of an unborn child’s heart with an
appropriate chemical by induction of labor for removal of the
body from the fetus.
http://www.bestpregnancytips.com/abortion-techniques-methods-
types/
Intact Dilation and Evacuation – This procedure is also known as
partial abortion and the methodology is delivery of a baby up to
the stage of head remains in the fetus behind the cervix.
http://www.bestpregnancytips.com/abortion-techniques-methods-
types/

12. METHODOLOGY:
The methodology used in this topic was to gather information
about the topic using the internet. We wanted to search
everything on the internet because it would be faster and easier
for us to learn more about it. While searching the internet
about abortion, we had a lot of references that talk about
abortion much further than those on books. Another thing why we
chose the internet as our source of information is because the
internet provides us with both knowledge and technology. We all
know that technology gives us the drive to study and learn more.
Researching everything was not that hard. All you got to do is
to organize the meanings, description ant etc. because
everything is found in the internet regarding abortion. It
explains further the issues we have to know about it. Not only
that, we discovered things that we thought was kind of
unbelievable. One example of that are the different methods of
abortion. The books may provide us details that we need to know,
but in the internet it provides us details and information that
we should know.

13. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:
“ALL ABOUT ABORTION”
When making a decision about your pregnancy, it is important to
have reliable abortion facts. An abortion is a procedure where a
woman chooses to end her pregnancy. Unintended pregnancy is a
significant concern that affects thousands of people each year.
More than half of the 6 million pregnancies occurring each year
in the United States are unplanned. According to a study
published inPerspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health,
about 50% of the women faced with these unplanned pregnancies
were actually usingcontraception during the month that they
conceived. Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures
performed in the United States as approximately 1.3 million
abortions performed each year. Data indicates that more than 40%
of all women will end a pregnancy by abortion at some time in
their reproductive lives.
Brief Background:
In 1973, the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade ruled that women
have the right to an abortion during the first 6 months (2
trimesters) of pregnancy, thereby legalizing abortion. The court

14. asserted that abortion is a fundamental right under the U.S.
Constitution and prohibiting abortion would violate the Due
Process Clause of the 14th Amendment (which protects against
state actions to deny the right to privacy, including a woman's
qualified right to terminate her pregnancy).
Abortion Facts - When Women Seek Abortion:
Approximately 88% of abortions are preformed within in the first
trimester (3 months) of a pregnancy. Roughly 59% take place
within the first eight weeks of pregnancy, 19% in weeks 9 to 10,
and 10% in weeks 11 to 12.
About 10% of abortions occur during the second trimester (6% in
weeks 13-15 and 4% by week 20). After 24 weeks or pregnancy,
abortions are only provided due to serious health reasons (and
account for less than 1% of total abortions). Earlier abortions
are easier, safer, and tend to be less expensive than abortions
taking place later in a pregnancy.

15. Some Abortion Facts and Demographics:
U.S. women, age 24 and younger, account for about for 52%
of those who obtain an abortion. This number is further
broken down into: 19% of these abortions are obtained by
teenagers, and women age 20 to 24 account for 33% of these
abortions.
Approximately 60% of abortions are obtained by women who have
had at least one child.
Two-thirds of all abortions occur in women who have never been
married.
Women of every social class and race elect to have an abortion:
78% of women who have had an abortion report having a religious
affiliation, 88% of women who obtain abortions live in
metropolitan areas, and 57% of women who seek abortion are
economically disadvantaged (living below the federal poverty
level).
Of women obtaining abortions, 54% were using a birth control
method during the time they became pregnant. Many of these
pregnancies resulted from condoms breaking or being
used incorrectly (49%) and due to women who missed taking
their birth control pills (76%).

16. Half of all women seeking a first abortion had not been
using any type of contraception when they conceived (despite
agreement with their sexual partners about not wanting to
become pregnant).
Deciding to Obtain an Abortion:
It is important that a woman make a well-informed decision when
she is considering obtaining an abortion. Discussing
one’s options with trusted and supported friends or family as
well as early pregnancy counseling can be helpful in reaching a
decision that a woman feels the most right about. Women may have
a choice between two or more types of abortion procedures
depending on how many weeks pregnant they are. The safest time
to have an abortion is 5-10 weeks after your last menstrual
period. In the past, there was concern that an abortion may
increase a woman's risk of breast cancer. More recent and
carefully done studies, however, indicate that there is no link
between having an abortion and having breast cancer later in
life.

17. CONCLUSION:
Therefore, we conclude that abortion is a complicated issue for
everyone in the society. Some wants it to be legal, while others
do not. For us, we believe that the legalization of abortion
should not be allowed, especially here in our country. We have
used ethics to help us in concluding, abortion is probably one
of the most intensely debated ethical issues in today’s society.
For example, Pro-choice believers feel that a woman has the
right to choose whether to have an abortion, while Pro-life
followers feel that abortion is never an option. However, in an
attempt to find common ground on this issue, we tend to overlook
the basic facts regarding this issue. To solve this issue one
could look at abortion under an objective view instead of only a
subjective view and find that while there is no real answer to
this controversy, ethical choices are plentiful. With all the
examination complete it then becomes apparent that since it is
always wrong to cause death to an innocent person, abortion is
always wrong. With that said, the Pro-life view is morally and
ethically the correct view. Before we begin to make decisions
about abortion we must first examine the definitions that
surround this issue. The first definition that we must define is
“personhood”. What makes up personhood? The definition of when a
fetus becomes a person is a very gray area, however if we

18. utilize medical definitions of life, we can see that a fetus is
a person when its heart begins to beat on its own. While
onviews of Pro Choice amongst women many clinics provide
abortion services for women with unplanned or uncontrollable
pregnancies. Some women find themselves with an unplanned
pregnancy rather than an uncontrollable one. Unplanned in fact
that a contraceptive failed, or may not have been easily
accessible: uncontrolled in the sense of factors being greater
than limited contraception. Abortion has been performed in many
clinics as a treatment for unfit or unhealthy women, and for
women who may have been molested or raped. Abortion shouldn’t be
used as a form of contraception, nor should women’s lives be
sacrificed to bear an infant before morally ready to commit. If
a woman is raped, and the outcome incurs pregnancy, then
abortion is an alternate form of controlling the unwanted
pregnancy. Abortion should stand as only the woman’s choice,
never as a decision adverse to Pro-Life activists. Pro-Choice
advocates seem to vindicate abortion, accepting that abortion is
not considered a form of birth control, but merely a method of
controlling the woman and fetus future. Women are the sole
determinate persons in stating if they are capable of
withholding a full term pregnancy. no matter how you defend it
to be right it will still be a wrong decision to abort something

19. that is already given to you. As a solution to your problem,
face the consequence and do not run from it.

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
References:
Naina, Roy. Introduction on abortion. Best information guide.
December 20, 2008
Naina, Roy. Types and methods of abortion techniques.November
10, 2008
Tom Head. Why is abortion legal?.www. About.com.
Tom Head. Why do persons perform abortion services?.www.
About.com
El. Abortion risks. Afterabortion.org. November 23, 1999

21. PERCEPTION ON THE LEGALIZATION OF ABORTION
A Term Paper presented to:
Ms.Jureca Failanga
Instructor
St. Paul University Iloilo
College of Arts and Sciences
In the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject
ENGLISH 102 - writing presentation
Presented by:
Karlyn Denise Casalmir
Roshyll Asperga
Frances Anne Solinap