Más contenido relacionado Más de Humanity Plus (20) Stepping Stones - Mikhail Shapiro - H+ Summit @ Harvard1. Stepping Stones:
Ge#ng to enhancement by focusing on disease
Mikhail G. Shapiro, PhD
H+ Summit 2010
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
2. Brain-‐machine interfaces
Brain reading and uploading
Enhanced learning
Greater cogniEve abiliEes
Greater sensory powers
Need for mulEple technology breakthrougs
High performance requirements
High safety requirements
Long and expensive investment proposiEon
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
3. Brain-‐machine interfaces
Brain reading and uploading
Enhanced learning
Greater cogniEve abiliEes
Greater sensory powers
Schizophrenia
Spinal Cord Injury
Alzheimer’s Depression
Blindness
Deafness
Epilepsy
Parkinson’s
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
6. ‘mouse’
array
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Serruya et al, Nature (2001)
8. Reliability Speed, Low effort Natural feeling Super-‐enablement
2D cursor & click Wheelchair control Invisible electronics
Must Deliver
Unaended operaEon Basic limb control Fine limb control (eg
digits)
MulE-‐dimensional
device control
Healthy people
Very late-‐stage ALS, Low quad,
Locked-‐in Paraplegia,
Market
ALS, High Quad
Tens of thousands
Amputees
Hundreds to few thousand
Hundreds of thousands
millions
CompeMng Technologies
Voice EMG
EMG TAP
JoysMck
Tongue,
EMG, PNS
sip&puff, etc.
EEG NIRS
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
9. Brain Reading and Uploading
Parkinson’s
Epilepsy
Rare GeneEc Diseases
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
12. HOH Ligand
Fe3+
Dopamine
HOH
Fe3+
Shapiro MG et al., Nature Biotechnology (2010)
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Alan Jasanoff, Frances Arnold, Robert Langer, Gil Westmeyer
16. © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Williams and Eskandar., Nature Neuroscience (2006)
18. Blindness Deafness
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Boyden ES, et al. Nature Neuroscience (2005) Bi et al. Neuron (2005)
19. Success factors for commercial clinical venture
• Addresses a disease not well served by exisEng technology
• High-‐quality science demonstraEng key scienEfic principles
• Technology is a good fit for the problem at hand
• Big clinical market either iniEally or clear path to one
• Ability to get to clinical trials within 1-‐2 years, market 3-‐5 years
• The usual: best people, strong backing, great management
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
20. Brain-‐machine interfaces
Brain reading and uploading
Enhanced learning
Greater cogniEve abiliEes
Greater sensory powers
Schizophrenia
Spinal Cord Injury
Alzheimer’s Depression
Blindness
Deafness
Epilepsy
Parkinson’s
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
21. Thank You
mikhail@thirdrockventures.com
© 2010 Mikhail Shapiro