1. Before Birth of Human race
~ Roman Age
Written by Sunny Park
WSC5.05
Introduction to Wine Business

2. Intro..
 Definition of prehistory - Before history which had written as
records
 Prehistory of wine - Record of grape and wine has been left as
not only literature but also illustrations since Egyptian Age.
 Common in Sense of Ancient Wine – Wine during B.C (Before
Christ).
 Therefore, wine prehistory can include history of Georgian to
Roman wine.

3. Once Upon a time long ago..
 Grape had been existed
since 6 million years ago
 First human race was
born 2 million years ago
 First contact was taken 4
million years later after
birth of grape

4.  Grapes felled down automatically when they were
ripen
 Some locations where were sunken made grape
ponds.

5.  First drink – The man inspired by addictive flavours
 Wine might have lead the man to Agrarian Society
 Insignificant relationship between man and wine at first time, but getting more and more important.

6. Derivation of Viticulture &
Viniculture
 Viti + culture
 = grape + cultivation
 = grapegrowing
 = viticulture
 The method which can
plant grape and take care
them for making wine
 Vini + culture
 = wine + cultivation
 = winemaking
 The method which use
grape from vineyard to
make wine

7. Georgian Wine
Fertile foothill on South of
Mountain Caucasus
Georgian Map from Wiki
map

8.  Georgia Kingdom - First country of winemaking and
viticulture, and one of the oldest wine regions. Around
6000 B.C.
 Location - Between two great rivers, Euphrates and
Tigris. South of the Mountain Caucasus. Ease to
transport to other places and Persian gulf near Egypt.
 Climate - Long subtropical summer which is meant
arid, soften air, mild fog and hot afternoon
 Grapevines - Grown everywhere on the hills
 Winemaking – Near grapevines

9. Noah’s Wine
 Noah’s Hypothesis-
Winemaking and
Grapegrowing on his
vineyard before Flood
 Ninth chapter of genesis
tells how wine has been
stored in the Ark’s cargo

10. Egyptian Wine
 First writers with painting
about viticulture and
oenology
 Warehouse of legacies
“Tombs” – According to
paintings, wine was treated as
important technology.
 Grape was harvested when it
were fully ripen and honey-
sweet
 Wine was run from the press
into the fermenting jars,
another called Amphora

11. Tutankhamun’s Tomb
 36 jars – Varieties, year, viney
ard, owner, and head vintner
on the lable
 Example below
Date HAt sp 5 Year 5
Classification + irp nDm n Sweet wine of
Institution pr itn n qArt
the Estate of
Aton of qArt
Responsible
official
Hry kAmw ra-ms
Vineyard
Supervisor
Ramose
Tut 12 (12, Černý 1965: 22)

12. Greek & Roman Wine
 Transportation - From
Mesophotamia to Greek and
Roman
 Greek countries – Importor
 The first golden age of wine –
Greek consumed a lot of wine not
only quantitative but also
qualitative
 Wine was not just beverage, it
was always accompanied with
poet, harmony and discussion
between philosophers

13. Symposium & Krater
 At the moment, people
diluted wine into “Krater”
which was big pot, about
1,000L quantity
(Wonbok, 2006) with water
before drank.
 Symposium which is
derieved from Greek
συμπόσιον symposion, from
συμπίνειν sympinein, which
means “to drink together”.
 Dilution fact - Many
philosophers discussed and
communicated with wine all
night long, which means that
it would be impossible unless
wine was diluted.

14. Roman Empire
 Distribution – Roman wine
merchants
 Higher demand of wine –
Merchant spread across
Roman Empire from Italy to
Spain and North Africa
 In order to regular
production – Calculation
cheaper labour  Slave
 Roman – Main consumer
 Port Pompeii - Important
commercial city until
eruption of Mount Vesuvius
in 79 AD, and left a lot of
detailed evidence

15. Flow of Wine
 Wine flow from
Mesophotamia to
Modern Europe
countries
 From 4 to 6 –
Roman Empire
spread

16. General Type of Ancient Wine
Type Detail
Mustum A low quality grape juice, mixed with vinegar and drank fresh after pressing.
Mulsum A common class wine, generally sweetened with honey and served to plebes and the lower classes at
public events.
Lora (vinumoperarium)
A bitter wine made from the grape skin husks, seeds and any other product left over from the
pressing process. Fermented by soaking in water, it was generally served to slaves, though some
lower classes, and even soldiers may have had access to wines that were hardly any better. Varro,
however claimed that it was the drink of old women. Today these excess grape products are used in
distilling the liquor grappa.
Posca
A sour vinegar like wine (acetum) mixed with water to reduce the bitterness and generally available
to soldiers and lower classes.
Vinumpraeliganeum
Manufactured from inferior and half-ripe fruit gathered before the regular harvest period. Perhaps
also used in the production of ciders and similar drinks
Vinumdulce A sweet wholesome wine, made from dried grapes that were pressed in the heat of the day.
Vinumdiachytum
Similar to vinumdulce but grapes were allowed to dry in the sun for longer periods of time. The wine
was described as more 'luscious' than the vinumdulce
Passum
Raisin wine. Obviously made from nearly completely dried grapes. It's most prized variety was
imported from crete
Vinummarrubii,
scillites, absinthiates,
myrtites
Example of wines used for medicinal purposes. Marrubii for coughs, scillites for digestion and as a
tonic, absinthiates roughly corresponding to modern vermouth and myrtites as a general medicine
aiding many ailments

17. Development of Amphora
 Firstly, jar neck had
become narrower and
narrower for appropriate
closure with olive oil or
resin.
 Secondly, the vase has an
elongated shape, with a
pointed base, which
could be deposited wine
sediments easily at the
bottom

18. Conclusion
 Prehistory of Wine – Veiled despite evidences, such as painting in cave
and tomb, and written by writer since Egyptian Age.
 Ancient wine technology - Even modern wineries and vineyards are
derived from ancient age. To be sum up, prehistory about wine has
been described, and expression a sentence of wine history would be
intimately associated to human culture from Euphrates and Tigris
Culture through Egyptian to Roman.

19. References
 Hugh Johnson, (2006). Hugh Johnson's TheStory of Wine. London. Mitchell Beazley
 Hugh Johnson, Jancis Robinson, (2007). World Atlas of Wine(6thed). London. Mitchell Beazley
 Jancis Robinson, (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine(3rded). London. Oxford University Press
 Mcgovern, P.E. (2003). Ancient wine: the Search for the Origins of Viniculture. Princeton University
Press: New Jersey
 Wonbok Rhie, (2007). World of Wine, Wine of World. Seoul, Korea. Gimmyoungsa
 Georgian Wine, (2013). Retrieved from http://www.wine-searcher.com/regions-georgian+republic
 Eva-Lena Wahlberg, (2012). The Wine Jars speak; Text Study. Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala University.

20.  Maria Rosaria Belgiorno, (2009). Cinyra, Cyprus and the notes of music, of Wine and Perfumes.
Retrieved from www.erimiwine.net
 Types of Ancient Wine, (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.unrv.com/economy/wine-chart.php
 Beginning of Viticulture, (n.d). Retrieved from
http://www.vinetowinecircle.com/en/history/beginnings-of-viticulture/
 James Owen, (January 10, 2011). Earliest Known Winery found in Armenian Cave. National Geographic
News. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news
 Roman Empire. Retrieved from http://ministry127.com/free-resources/powerpoint/roman-empire
 See Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tutankhamun%27s_Alabaster_Jar.jpg
 See Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symposium