Neuromotor disorder general view: make it easy
This document discusses the neuro-motor system and causes of cerebral and lower motor neuron disorders. It describes the anatomy including upper and lower motor neurons, motor units, and control circuits. Common cerebral motor disorders like cerebral palsy can present with cognitive, language, or seizure issues and abnormal tone like spasticity, leadpipe, or hypotonia. Investigations include brain MRI. Lower motor neuron causes may be genetic like spinal muscular atrophy or acquired such as polio, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or peripheral neuropathy. Neuromuscular junction disorders and muscular diseases are also discussed. Cerebral palsy suggestions include normal brain function with isolated motor dysfunction and floppy hypotonia with areflexia.
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Neuromotor disorder general view: make it easy
- 1. Prof Dr Hussein Abdeldayem Prof and Chief of Ped Neurology Unit, alex university NEURO-MOTOR SYSTEM
- 2. CP AFP= GBS FLOPPY BABY: SMA
- 4. ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS AFP Dr Hussein Abdeldayem, MD Professor of Pediatric Neurology
- 5. Brain ( pyramidal cells and tracts) AHC PNs NM junction Muscles UMNL L M N L
- 7. Control Circuits 1-cerebellum : motor and premotor areas 2-basal ganglia control and modify motor activity- prevent invol movements 3- cerebellum
- 8. LMNL Motor unit – a lower motor neuron (ventral horn cell/CN nucleus) + muscle fibers under its control alpha motor neuron AHC Root (anterior) axon (nerve) MN synapse muscle fibers AHC
- 9. CEREBRAL MOTOR DISORDER • CEREBRAL PALSY
- 10. C/P SUGGESTIONS • Cognitive dysfunctions as GDD/MR • Language delay • Seizures • TONE: PYRAMIDAL:SPASTIC EXTRPYRAMIDAL: LEADPIPE/cogwheel CEREBELLUM: HYPOTONIA INVESTIGATION BRAIN MRI
- 11. LMNL CAUSES • AHC: 1- GENETIC: SMA 2- ACQUIRED : polio • Roots and Peripheral Nerves: genetic: myelocele, HSMN acquired: GBS (post-infectious), PNitis
- 12. • N-M junction: genetic: Myasthenia Gavis Acquired: botulinum toxin • Muscular: congenital: Myopathy, DMD acquired: myositis
- 13. C/P SUGGESTIONS • Normal Brain Function with only Motor Dysfunction ( Motor Delay) • Atonia: Floppy/ hypotonia • Areflexia
Editor's Notes
- Major neurotransmitters: glutamate (excitatory) and GABA (inhibitory) Damage results in weakness, with loss of voluntary movements especially fine, skilled movements, but preservation of other forms of movements including segments reflexes They both (1-2) receive input from several motor and sensory cortical areas and project back to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus. They integrate and modulate motor activity primarily through the cerebral cortex and direct activation pathways.
- Final common pathway – many motor units through which all activities in the motor system must act
- central causes : Cerebral palsy as cerebellar or atonic diplegiaCP, , syndromes as Down syndrome or Prader Willi syndrome, neurodegenerative or neurometabolic disorders