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                                                        The OAI-ORE Interoperability Framework
                                                                     in the current
                                                           Scholarly Communication Context

                                                           <http://www.openarchives.org/ore/toc>

                                                                  Herbert Van de Sompel
                                                           Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA


                                                                     OAI-ORE was funded
                                                       by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the National
                                                            Science Foundation, JISC, and Microsoft


The ORE Editors are: Carl Lagoze (Cornell U.), Herbert Van de Sompel (LANL), Pete Johnston (Eduserv Found.),
Michael Nelson (Old Dominion University), Robert Sanderson (U. of Liverpool), Simeon Warner (Cornell U.)

                          OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                            Herbert Van de Sompel
                                    OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
In This Talk



Some thoughts about scholarly communication based
             on the forthcoming paper:

  Herber Van de Sompe & Car Lagoze (2009) Al
        t             l     l               l
    Aboard Towards a Machi
          :                ne-Fr l Scho ly
                                iend y  lar
             Co m munication System.

Written as a contribution to a book compiled in honor
                      of Jim Gray.



         OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                           Herbert Van de Sompel
                   OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Herbert’s slogan used for effect in many talks



The current scholarly communication system is
 nothing but a scanned copy of the paper-based
                     system.



                     Systemic issues
                    Economic strains
                    Technical aspects




      OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                        Herbert Van de Sompel
                OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Working Towards Change



  About 10 years ago, the OAI & OA started out of
      dissatisfaction with the existing scholarly
               communication system.

And many efforts since then were launched to try and
                introduce real change.




         OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                           Herbert Van de Sompel
                   OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off



      Rapid changes are occurring along various
        dimensions in scholarly communication.

                          Technical trends:

1. Augmentation of the scholarly record with a
   machine-actionable substrate.
2. Integration of datasets into the scholarly record.
3. Exposure of process and its integration into the
   scholarly record.


           OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                             Herbert Van de Sompel
                     OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off



      Rapid changes are occurring along various
        dimensions in scholarly communication.

                          Technical trends:

1. Augmentation of the scholarly record with a
   machine-actionable substrate.
2. Integration of datasets into the scholarly record.
3. Exposure of process and its integration into the
   scholarly record.


           OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                             Herbert Van de Sompel
                     OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Augmentation with a machine-actionable substrate

•      There is just too much literature for researchers to be able to keep up [1].

•      There is a need to absorb literature across disciplines, to connect the dots, to
       combine existing disparate findings to arrive at new insights.
        • E.g. Life sciences: many interconnected disciplines & the lack of uniformly
           structured data across disciplines is a barrier for moving discoveries in basic
           research to clinical applications [2].

•      There is a need for machine-agents that filter, read and reason on behalf of
       researchers.




    [1] Palmer, C.L., Cragin, M.H. and Hogan, T.P. (2006) Weak information work in scientific discovery.
         Information Processing & Management, 43 (3). 808-820. doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2006.06.003
    [2] Ruttenberg, A., Clark, T., Bug, W., et al. (2007) Advancing translational research with the Semantic Web.
         BMC Bioinformatics, 8 Suppl 3. S2. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-8-S3-S2


                         OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                            Herbert Van de Sompel
                                    OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Augmentation with a machine-actionable substrate

•      There is a strong push towards a machine-actionable representation of knowledge
       that is embedded in scientific literature.
        • Post publication: Entity/Relation extraction via text mining.
        • At publication time: Semantic publications [1].
        • Shared ontologies across disciplines for uniform knowledge representation
             [2].

•      The Elsevier Grand Challenge [3] and the Concept Web Alliance [4] are strong
       indications that both the information industry and the research community are
       taking this seriously.
         • Knowlets as snippets of semantically expressed knowledge that can be
            shared and … traded. The emergence of A&I databases for machine
            consumption …
    [1] Shotton, D. (2009) Semantic Publishing: the coming revolution in scientific journal publishing. Learned
          Publishing, 22 (2), pp 85-94. doi:10.1087/2009202
    [2] The Open Biomedical Ontologies. http://www.obofoundry.org/
    [3] Elsevier Grand Challenge. http://www.elseviergrandchallenge.com
    [4] The Concept Web Alliance. http://conceptweblog.wordpress.com/declaration/


                         OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                             Herbert Van de Sompel
                                     OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off



      Rapid changes are occurring along various
        dimensions in scholarly communication.

                          Technical trends:

1. Augmentation of the scholarly record with a
   machine-actionable substrate.
2. Integration of datasets into the scholarly record.
3. Exposure of process and its integration into the
   scholarly record.


           OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                             Herbert Van de Sompel
                     OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Integration of datasets in the scholarly record

•   Data has always been important to scholarship.

•   But until recently data was not treated as a first-class scholarly object.




                 OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                   Herbert Van de Sompel
                           OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Integration of datasets in the scholarly record

•      Now all functions of scholarly communication – registration, certification,
       awareness, archiving, rewarding – are being discussed/implemented for datasets:
        • Data Pyramid [1] indicates how trust – certification – and preservation –
           archiving – are crucial as the applicability of data reaches beyond the
           personal realm.




    [1] Berman, F. (2008) Got data?: a guide to data preservation in the information age. Communications of the
         ACM, 51 (12). 50-56. doi:10.1145/1409360.1409376

                        OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                            Herbert Van de Sompel
                                    OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Integration of datasets in the scholarly record

•      Now all functions of scholarly communication – registration, certification,
       awareness, archiving, rewarding – are being discussed/implemented for datasets:
        • Data Pyramid [1] indicates how trust – certification – and preservation –
           archiving – are crucial as the applicability of data reaches beyond the
           personal realm.
        • General recognition of the necessity of capabilities to discover datasets –
           awareness [2].
        • Efforts aimed at identifying and referencing datasets in a standard way [3]
           take their position as primary artifacts for granted (and are partly motivated by
           allowing researchers to gain credit – rewarding – for sharing data).



    [1] Berman, F. (2008) Got data?: a guide to data preservation in the information age. Communications of the
          ACM, 51 (12). 50-56. doi:10.1145/1409360.1409376
    [2] Ruusalepp, R. (2008) Infrastructure Planning And Data Curation: A Comparative Study Of International
          Approaches To Enabling The Sharing Of Research
          Datahttp://www.dcc.ac.uk/docs/publications/reports/Data_Sharing_Report.pdf.
    [3] Altman, M. and King, G. (2007) A Proposed Standard for the Scholarly Citation of Quantitative Data. D-Lib
          Magazine, 13 (3/4). doi:10.1045/march2007-altman

                        OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                            Herbert Van de Sompel
                                    OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off



      Rapid changes are occurring along various
        dimensions in scholarly communication.

                          Technical trends:

1. Augmentation of the scholarly record with a
   machine-actionable substrate.
2. Integration of datasets into the scholarly record.
3. Exposure of process and its integration into the
   scholarly record.


           OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                             Herbert Van de Sompel
                     OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record

   •      The process of using of prior knowledge to generate new insights has been
          exposed for a long time via citations in the literature.
   •      The citation graph reveals aspects of scholarly dynamics and is heavily studied for
          that reason.
   •      But the citation graph is problematic (imperfect citation extraction; challenging
          author disambiguation; partial coverage; proprietary nature).

   •      A more meaningful graph can emerge:
           • Web-oriented citation approach, e.g. CLADDIER [1].
           • Author identifiers [2].
           • Citation semantics, e.g. Citation Typing Ontology [3;4].

       [1] The CLADDIER Project. http://claddier.badc.ac.uk/trac
       [2] Enserink, M. (2009) Are you ready to become a number? Science, 323(5922) pp 1662-1664.
             doi:10.1126/science.323.5922.1662
       [3] Citation Typing Ontology. http://purl.org/net/cito/
       [4] Shotton, D. (2009) Semantic publishing: the coming revolution in scientific journal publishing. Learned
             Publishing, 22(2) pp 85-94(10). doi:10.1087/2009202


                            OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                                Herbert Van de Sompel
                                        OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record

   •      New: Exposing the process of consuming or paying attention to scholarly
          information (by sharing usage data) as revealed by COUNTER [1], MESUR [2], bX
          [3] projects.

   •      Applications in:
           • Collection management.
           • Novel metrics of scholarly impact [4].
           • Study of scholarly dynamics/trends [5].
           • Discovery - Recommender systems [6].

       [1] Project COUNTER. http://www.projectcounter.org/
       [2] MESUR. http://www.mesur.org/
       [3] Ex Libris bX. http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/category/bXOverview
       [4] Bollen, J., Van de Sompel, H., Hagberg A., Chute, R. (2009) A principal component analysis of 39
             scientific impact measures. http://arxiv.org/abs/0902.2183 . Accepted by PLoS ONE
       [5] Bollen J., Van de Sompel, H., Hagberg, A. et al. (2009) Clickstream Data Yields High-Resolution Maps of
             Science. PLoS ONE 4(3): e4803. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004803
       [6] Bollen, J., and Van de Sompel, H. (2006) An architecture for the aggregation and analysis of scholarly
             usage data. Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 298-307.
             doi:10.1145/1141753.1141821


                           OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                               Herbert Van de Sompel
                                       OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record.

    •      New: Exposing scientific workflows (Taverna, Kepler, …) , experiments, bundles of
           resources used in workflows as revealed by myExperiment [1;2].

    •      Applications in:
            • Discovery and reuse of data and workflows.
            • Novel metrics of scholarly impact.




        [1] myExperiment. http://www.myexperiment.org/
        [2] De Roure, D.C. and Goble, C. (2007) myExperiment – A Web 2.0 Virtual Research Environment, in
             International Workshop on Virtual Research Environments and Collaborative Work Environments,
             (Edinburgh, UK, 2007). Available at http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13961/.


                           OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                              Herbert Van de Sompel
                                      OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record.

    •      New: Exposing scholarly value chains, and scientific life cycles [1]




        [1] Pepe, A., Mayernik, M., Borgman, C., Van de Sompel, H. (2009) Technology to Represent Scientific
             Practice: Data, Life Cycles, and Value Chains. arXiv preprint arXiv:0906.2549v1 ; submitted to JASIST.

                            OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                                Herbert Van de Sompel
                                        OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record.

    •      New: Exposing scholarly value chains, and scientific life cycles [1;2]




        [1] Pepe, A., Mayernik, M., Borgman, C., Van de Sompel, H. (2009) Technology to Represent Scientific
             Practice: Data, Life Cycles, and Value Chains. arXiv preprint arXiv:0906.2549v1; submitted to JASIST.

                            OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                                Herbert Van de Sompel
                                        OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off



   These trends have a Web-orientation in the
    development of scholarly interoperability in
                    common.


 URIs, HTTP URIs to identify scholarly artifacts,
     concepts, researchers, institutions, etc.

Use of Web Architecture and associated standards
   (XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL, RSS, Atom, … ) to
 support the representation and communication of
       scholarly information and knowledge.
        OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                          Herbert Van de Sompel
                  OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off



     These trends have a Web-orientation in the
      development of scholarly interoperability in
                      common.


The OAI-ORE interoperability framework fits right into
  this wave: based on Web Architecture, and Linked
    Data (the Semantic Web made real) guidelines.




         OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                           Herbert Van de Sompel
                   OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
OAI Object Reuse and Exchange

     Subject: How to handle an Aggregation
               of Web resources?


Approach: Publish Resource Maps to the Web that
  Instantiate, Describe, and provide an Identity
               for the Aggregation


   Aggregation: a non-information resource
   Resource Map: an information resource
       that describes an Aggregation

        OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                          Herbert Van de Sompel
                  OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
The Web




OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                  Herbert Van de Sompel
          OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
An Aggregation and the Web


•   Resources of an
    aggregation are
    distinct URI-identified
    Web resources

•   To handle
    aggregations, missing
    are:
     o   The boundary
         that delineates
         the aggregation in
         the Web
     o   An identity (URI)
         for the
         aggregation




             OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                                Herbert Van de Sompel
                        OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Introduce a Resource that stands for the Aggregation




         OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                           Herbert Van de Sompel
                   OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Publish a Resource Map that describes the Aggregation




          OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                            Herbert Van de Sompel
                    OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
Discover the Resource Map via the Aggregation




      OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                        Herbert Van de Sompel
                OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
All the OAI-ORE details at …




ORE Specs – http://www-openarchives.org/ore/toc

ORE Tutorial - http://www.slideshare.net/hvdsomp/an-
 overview-of-the-oai-object-reuse-and-exchange-
 interoperability-framework




          OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                            Herbert Van de Sompel
                    OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
And now …



Robert Sanderson. Visualizing JSTOR: Exploring OAI-
  ORE for Information Topology Navigation.

Maarten Hoogerwerf. A demonstrator of enhanced
  publications using OAI-ORE.

Tim DiLauro. Using OAI-ORE to Simplify Data
  Publishing Workflow.




         OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context
                           Herbert Van de Sompel
                   OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland

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The OAI-ORE Interoperability Framework in the Context of the Current Scholarly Communication System

  • 1. http://www.slideshare.net/hvdsomp/the-oaiore-interoperability-framework The OAI-ORE Interoperability Framework in the current Scholarly Communication Context <http://www.openarchives.org/ore/toc> Herbert Van de Sompel Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA OAI-ORE was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the National Science Foundation, JISC, and Microsoft The ORE Editors are: Carl Lagoze (Cornell U.), Herbert Van de Sompel (LANL), Pete Johnston (Eduserv Found.), Michael Nelson (Old Dominion University), Robert Sanderson (U. of Liverpool), Simeon Warner (Cornell U.) OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 2. In This Talk Some thoughts about scholarly communication based on the forthcoming paper: Herber Van de Sompe & Car Lagoze (2009) Al t l l l Aboard Towards a Machi : ne-Fr l Scho ly iend y lar Co m munication System. Written as a contribution to a book compiled in honor of Jim Gray. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 3. Herbert’s slogan used for effect in many talks The current scholarly communication system is nothing but a scanned copy of the paper-based system. Systemic issues Economic strains Technical aspects OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 4. Working Towards Change About 10 years ago, the OAI & OA started out of dissatisfaction with the existing scholarly communication system. And many efforts since then were launched to try and introduce real change. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 5. Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off Rapid changes are occurring along various dimensions in scholarly communication. Technical trends: 1. Augmentation of the scholarly record with a machine-actionable substrate. 2. Integration of datasets into the scholarly record. 3. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 6. Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off Rapid changes are occurring along various dimensions in scholarly communication. Technical trends: 1. Augmentation of the scholarly record with a machine-actionable substrate. 2. Integration of datasets into the scholarly record. 3. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 7. Augmentation with a machine-actionable substrate • There is just too much literature for researchers to be able to keep up [1]. • There is a need to absorb literature across disciplines, to connect the dots, to combine existing disparate findings to arrive at new insights. • E.g. Life sciences: many interconnected disciplines & the lack of uniformly structured data across disciplines is a barrier for moving discoveries in basic research to clinical applications [2]. • There is a need for machine-agents that filter, read and reason on behalf of researchers. [1] Palmer, C.L., Cragin, M.H. and Hogan, T.P. (2006) Weak information work in scientific discovery. Information Processing & Management, 43 (3). 808-820. doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2006.06.003 [2] Ruttenberg, A., Clark, T., Bug, W., et al. (2007) Advancing translational research with the Semantic Web. BMC Bioinformatics, 8 Suppl 3. S2. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-8-S3-S2 OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 8. Augmentation with a machine-actionable substrate • There is a strong push towards a machine-actionable representation of knowledge that is embedded in scientific literature. • Post publication: Entity/Relation extraction via text mining. • At publication time: Semantic publications [1]. • Shared ontologies across disciplines for uniform knowledge representation [2]. • The Elsevier Grand Challenge [3] and the Concept Web Alliance [4] are strong indications that both the information industry and the research community are taking this seriously. • Knowlets as snippets of semantically expressed knowledge that can be shared and … traded. The emergence of A&I databases for machine consumption … [1] Shotton, D. (2009) Semantic Publishing: the coming revolution in scientific journal publishing. Learned Publishing, 22 (2), pp 85-94. doi:10.1087/2009202 [2] The Open Biomedical Ontologies. http://www.obofoundry.org/ [3] Elsevier Grand Challenge. http://www.elseviergrandchallenge.com [4] The Concept Web Alliance. http://conceptweblog.wordpress.com/declaration/ OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 9. Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off Rapid changes are occurring along various dimensions in scholarly communication. Technical trends: 1. Augmentation of the scholarly record with a machine-actionable substrate. 2. Integration of datasets into the scholarly record. 3. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 10. Integration of datasets in the scholarly record • Data has always been important to scholarship. • But until recently data was not treated as a first-class scholarly object. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 11. Integration of datasets in the scholarly record • Now all functions of scholarly communication – registration, certification, awareness, archiving, rewarding – are being discussed/implemented for datasets: • Data Pyramid [1] indicates how trust – certification – and preservation – archiving – are crucial as the applicability of data reaches beyond the personal realm. [1] Berman, F. (2008) Got data?: a guide to data preservation in the information age. Communications of the ACM, 51 (12). 50-56. doi:10.1145/1409360.1409376 OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 12. Integration of datasets in the scholarly record • Now all functions of scholarly communication – registration, certification, awareness, archiving, rewarding – are being discussed/implemented for datasets: • Data Pyramid [1] indicates how trust – certification – and preservation – archiving – are crucial as the applicability of data reaches beyond the personal realm. • General recognition of the necessity of capabilities to discover datasets – awareness [2]. • Efforts aimed at identifying and referencing datasets in a standard way [3] take their position as primary artifacts for granted (and are partly motivated by allowing researchers to gain credit – rewarding – for sharing data). [1] Berman, F. (2008) Got data?: a guide to data preservation in the information age. Communications of the ACM, 51 (12). 50-56. doi:10.1145/1409360.1409376 [2] Ruusalepp, R. (2008) Infrastructure Planning And Data Curation: A Comparative Study Of International Approaches To Enabling The Sharing Of Research Datahttp://www.dcc.ac.uk/docs/publications/reports/Data_Sharing_Report.pdf. [3] Altman, M. and King, G. (2007) A Proposed Standard for the Scholarly Citation of Quantitative Data. D-Lib Magazine, 13 (3/4). doi:10.1045/march2007-altman OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 13. Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off Rapid changes are occurring along various dimensions in scholarly communication. Technical trends: 1. Augmentation of the scholarly record with a machine-actionable substrate. 2. Integration of datasets into the scholarly record. 3. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 14. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record • The process of using of prior knowledge to generate new insights has been exposed for a long time via citations in the literature. • The citation graph reveals aspects of scholarly dynamics and is heavily studied for that reason. • But the citation graph is problematic (imperfect citation extraction; challenging author disambiguation; partial coverage; proprietary nature). • A more meaningful graph can emerge: • Web-oriented citation approach, e.g. CLADDIER [1]. • Author identifiers [2]. • Citation semantics, e.g. Citation Typing Ontology [3;4]. [1] The CLADDIER Project. http://claddier.badc.ac.uk/trac [2] Enserink, M. (2009) Are you ready to become a number? Science, 323(5922) pp 1662-1664. doi:10.1126/science.323.5922.1662 [3] Citation Typing Ontology. http://purl.org/net/cito/ [4] Shotton, D. (2009) Semantic publishing: the coming revolution in scientific journal publishing. Learned Publishing, 22(2) pp 85-94(10). doi:10.1087/2009202 OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 15. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record • New: Exposing the process of consuming or paying attention to scholarly information (by sharing usage data) as revealed by COUNTER [1], MESUR [2], bX [3] projects. • Applications in: • Collection management. • Novel metrics of scholarly impact [4]. • Study of scholarly dynamics/trends [5]. • Discovery - Recommender systems [6]. [1] Project COUNTER. http://www.projectcounter.org/ [2] MESUR. http://www.mesur.org/ [3] Ex Libris bX. http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/category/bXOverview [4] Bollen, J., Van de Sompel, H., Hagberg A., Chute, R. (2009) A principal component analysis of 39 scientific impact measures. http://arxiv.org/abs/0902.2183 . Accepted by PLoS ONE [5] Bollen J., Van de Sompel, H., Hagberg, A. et al. (2009) Clickstream Data Yields High-Resolution Maps of Science. PLoS ONE 4(3): e4803. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004803 [6] Bollen, J., and Van de Sompel, H. (2006) An architecture for the aggregation and analysis of scholarly usage data. Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 298-307. doi:10.1145/1141753.1141821 OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 16. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record. • New: Exposing scientific workflows (Taverna, Kepler, …) , experiments, bundles of resources used in workflows as revealed by myExperiment [1;2]. • Applications in: • Discovery and reuse of data and workflows. • Novel metrics of scholarly impact. [1] myExperiment. http://www.myexperiment.org/ [2] De Roure, D.C. and Goble, C. (2007) myExperiment – A Web 2.0 Virtual Research Environment, in International Workshop on Virtual Research Environments and Collaborative Work Environments, (Edinburgh, UK, 2007). Available at http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13961/. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 17. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record. • New: Exposing scholarly value chains, and scientific life cycles [1] [1] Pepe, A., Mayernik, M., Borgman, C., Van de Sompel, H. (2009) Technology to Represent Scientific Practice: Data, Life Cycles, and Value Chains. arXiv preprint arXiv:0906.2549v1 ; submitted to JASIST. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 18. Exposure of process and its integration into the scholarly record. • New: Exposing scholarly value chains, and scientific life cycles [1;2] [1] Pepe, A., Mayernik, M., Borgman, C., Van de Sompel, H. (2009) Technology to Represent Scientific Practice: Data, Life Cycles, and Value Chains. arXiv preprint arXiv:0906.2549v1; submitted to JASIST. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 19. Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off These trends have a Web-orientation in the development of scholarly interoperability in common. URIs, HTTP URIs to identify scholarly artifacts, concepts, researchers, institutions, etc. Use of Web Architecture and associated standards (XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL, RSS, Atom, … ) to support the representation and communication of scholarly information and knowledge. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 20. Working Towards Change is Starting to Pay Off These trends have a Web-orientation in the development of scholarly interoperability in common. The OAI-ORE interoperability framework fits right into this wave: based on Web Architecture, and Linked Data (the Semantic Web made real) guidelines. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 21. OAI Object Reuse and Exchange Subject: How to handle an Aggregation of Web resources? Approach: Publish Resource Maps to the Web that Instantiate, Describe, and provide an Identity for the Aggregation Aggregation: a non-information resource Resource Map: an information resource that describes an Aggregation OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 22. The Web OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 23. An Aggregation and the Web • Resources of an aggregation are distinct URI-identified Web resources • To handle aggregations, missing are: o The boundary that delineates the aggregation in the Web o An identity (URI) for the aggregation OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 24. Introduce a Resource that stands for the Aggregation OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 25. Publish a Resource Map that describes the Aggregation OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 26. Discover the Resource Map via the Aggregation OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 27. All the OAI-ORE details at … ORE Specs – http://www-openarchives.org/ore/toc ORE Tutorial - http://www.slideshare.net/hvdsomp/an- overview-of-the-oai-object-reuse-and-exchange- interoperability-framework OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 28. And now … Robert Sanderson. Visualizing JSTOR: Exploring OAI- ORE for Information Topology Navigation. Maarten Hoogerwerf. A demonstrator of enhanced publications using OAI-ORE. Tim DiLauro. Using OAI-ORE to Simplify Data Publishing Workflow. OAI-ORE in the Current Scholarly Communication Context Herbert Van de Sompel OAI6, June 17 2009, Geneva, Switzerland