By Martin de Kievit (Sales Manager Marine at Trimble, The Netherlands) The demand for greater positioning accuracy with more reliability for waterways and marine positioning is aided with more satellite availability. While GPS from USA, and GLONASS from Russia, have been the mainstay of GNSS for the last few years we have seen three new constellations – QZSS from Japan, BeiDou (Compass) from China and GALILEO from Europe. This presentation reviews the current status of all the GNSS constellations. Other new developments which will be touched briefly; -Updated Geoid Model EGM-96, -Due to doubling of the number of satellites, the corrections needed for precise GNSS, have also doubled so a new correction format is explained. Furthermore we will tell you something about the latest RTX service (corrections over satellite) and xFILL technology (maintaining your positioning after you lose your GNSS signal).

1. Impact of New SPS GNSS
Receivers and Constellations on
Precise Marine Positioning
Martin de Kievit

2. More Satellites are needed
Congested marine spaces
Congested vessels
Demand for greater accuracy

3. GPS/GLONASS


GPS
– 31 satellites active (Sept ‘13)
– L1 C/A & P(Y)
– L2 P(Y) & L2C (IIR-M)
– L5 (IIF) – First satellite launched May 2010
GLONASS
– 24 satellites healthy (Sept ‘13) as well as satellites in residual status
– L1 C/A & P
– L2 C/A (-M) & P

4. Multi-frequency/Multi-System Antenna
- L1/L5/E6 Galileo Ready – shipping since 2005

5. Inside the GNSS receiver
 Trimble 360°technology is used in SPS985
and SPS855 and BX 982 receivers
 Dual Maxwell VI - 6th Generation Chip ASIC
 2x 220 = 440 Channels
 GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/QZSS/Compass
compliant
– For all current civilian open signals

6. GPS Modernization: L2C
 First satellite launched September 2005
– 8 Block IIR-M satellites so far
– 1 Block IIF (adds L5)

7. L2C Signal Strength = Productivity

8. GPS Modernization: L5
 New 3rd frequency band
 GPS Block IIF satellites
– Block III will complete L5/L2C constellation
 First launch occurred May 2010
 Block IIF - also broadcast L2C signals
 SPS GNSS
– Capable of tracking L5
– Tested with the simulator and GPS IIF modulator
– Successfully tracking L5
 PRN 1 (IIR-M with L5)
 PRN 25 (IIF)

9. Trimble Simulation capability
 L1/L2/L5 GPS & E1/E5A/E5B Galileo
JPO L2-C / L5
Modulator
Tests

10. New GNSS Signals

11. In the not too distant future…
Global Constellations
GPS (31)
GLONASS (24)
Galileo (22+)
Compass (~30)
Regional Constellations
– QZSS (3)
– IRNSS (7)
Satellite-Based
Augmentations
WAAS (3)
MSAS (2)
EGNOS (3)
GAGAN (3)
SDCM

12. SBAS systems

13. IRNSS and GAGAN
 Indian Regional Nav Satellite System
– Orbits similar to QZSS – inclined Geostationary
orbit
– L5 & S-Band
– 7 Satellites planned
– First launched to be decided
– No public ICD
 GAGAN
– Is a SBAS satellite over India
– First satellite was launched in 2011, a second one
was launched in 2012
– Full constellation of three satellites should be
ready end of 2014

14. GPS L1C / GPS III
 L1C
– Third GPS Civilian Signal
 GPS III (2014 first launch)
– Also on QZSS
 ICD is public
 Modulation
– Very similar to Galileo
– More multipath immunity c.f. C/A

15. QZSS
Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
Eccentric Geo-synchronous Orbit
L1 C/A, L1C, L2C, E6 & L5
First satellite launched September 2010
Augments GNSS in deep urban canyon
Satellite appears at a high elevation for an extended
time period over Japan and Asia Pacific
 QZSS included in Trimble 360TM Technology






– SPS985 and SPS855 support this by default
– Trimble Tracking L1 C/A, SAIF, L2C, L5
– Also tracked L1C (first satellite to have L1C)

16. QZSS Orbit

18. QZSS Tracking
Melbourne – November 2010 (CNo)

19. Beidou/Compass
 Beidou
– Geostationary active ranging system over
China
 Beidou-2 / Compass
– MEO(Medium Earth Orbit / 16.000 km) ,
GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit /36.000 km)
and Inclined GEO
 MEO satellite component system similar to GPS
– First test satellite (MEO) launched early 2007
 1 GEO failed in 2009
 4 launches in 2010 (3 GEOs, 3 inclined GEO, 1 MEO)
– No public ICD
– PRN Codes reverse engineered by Stanford University
 Ephemeris/Clock etc format unknown
– Codes will have similar performance to GPS
 Although quality of the clocks, orbital modeling etc. are still
unknown

20. Compass
 10 active satellites in space
– 4x GEO – transmitting
– 1x GEO – failed
– 1x MEO – transmitting (oldest satellite from March
2007)
– 5x Inclined GEO
 3 Bands (B1, B2 & B3)
 Trimble 360TM Technology
– Inside SPS985 and SPS855
– Tracking all 3 bands

21. Compass
 No public ICD (Interface Control Document)
– Tracking based on Stanford University work
– No ephemeris/clock/almanac information (no ICD)
– Able to produce code/carrier measurements but
not position

22. Compass Inclined Orbit Geo-Sync

23. Compass Data

24. Galileo
 European System
– 2 Test Satellites (don’t conform to the Galileo ICD)
 Giove-A Launched Dec 2005
 Giove-B Launched April 2008
– 4 IOV satellites – started in October 2011 (2)
– 22 further funded satellites to come
 Original plan 27 – 30 satellites (only a subset funded)
 Open Services
– Require a license
 Trimble IP supports Galileo and Trimble has a license to commercialize
 Other Signals/Bands
– E6 – commercial service (CS)
– PRS – public regulated service
– No public ICD for CS or PRS signals

25. Five Galileo Services
 Open access navigation
 No charge, positioning down to 1 metre
 Commercial navigation (encrypted)
 To the centimetre; service providers will
charge fees
 Safety Of life navigation
 Open service for applications where
guaranteed precision is essential
 Public regulated navigation (encrypted)
 Continuous availability even if other services
are disabled in time of crisis; Government
agencies will be main users.
 Search and rescue
 System will pick up distress beacon locations;
feasible to send feedback

26. GIOVE-A Pseudorange noise
 Pseudorange measurement
 No code/carrier filtering
 E1 includes Everest Multipath mitigation

27. Summary – current constellation
 GPS
– 31 active
 GLONASS
– 24 active
 Compass
– 10 active
 Galileo
– 2 GIOVE test satellites, 2 IOV satellites
 QZSS
– 1 active
 SBAS
– WAAS (3) / EGNOS (3) / MSAS (2) / GAGAN (2)
 Current Total = 75+ GNSS satellites
– Plus additional in orbit non-transmitting spares (eg. GPS &
GLONASS)

28. Too many satellites?

29. CMRx Data format
 The Problem:
– Existing data formats too long when more
satellites and more constellations are launched
– Need to reduce data volumes when using cell
phone technology
– Licenses for wider band radios harder to obtain
 The Solution:
– Trimble’s CMRx proprietary format transmitted
from Base Station

30. Marine GNSS receivers
SPS985
SPS855 Rover
SPS855 Base
SPS855 & 555H
Rover & Heading
sensor

31. SPS985 Smart Antenna
Scalable
accuracy modes
‘Portable’ base
or Rover
Battery door – ultra
rugged. Removable
2.4 Ah battery
Quick Release adapter
for one click on/off
pole
Tracks GPS, GLONASS,
QZSS, Compass, Galileo,
Marinestar, SBAS
Bluetooth to Tablet or
Computer
Wi-Fi for licence
free radio and
access to Web UI
Internal wideband
410-470 MHz or
licence free 900MHz

32. NEW BX 982 GNSS Modular Heading Receiver
Rugged Housing
Configuration
through our
standard web
browser
3x RS232, 1 x USB,
1x CAN , and 1 x
LAN Ethernet Port
Dual Antenna input
Tracks GPS, GLONASS,
QZSS, Compass, Galileo,
SBAS
Support for
Marinestar
VBS,XP,G2 and HP
2 x 220channel
Trimble Maxwell
chip sets
Support for FDE and
RAIM = Positioning
Integrity Monitoring

33. Fugro Marinestar now available on
Trimble receivers
 Receivers capable of receiving Marinestar
VBS,XP,G2 and HP:
– SPS461, SPS855, SPS985 and BX982 with
upgrade option Location RTK enabled
 Applications Marinestar:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Navy & Defense applications (incl. Mine hunting)
Hydrographic surveys
Research Vessels
Bathymetry
Dredging
Positioning buoys & Jack-up rigs
And many others

34. Marine
 Wi-Fi on Smart Antenna (SPS985)
 Tracking structures – wirelessly
 License free
 Heading via Wi-Fi between SPS985’s
 Updated Geoid Model EGM-96
 More precise vertical – orthometric heights
related to sea level
 CMRx every 3 seconds – for slow radio links
for long range offshore

35. Questions?
martin_dekievit@trimble.com