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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 –
6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013)
169
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS
(A STUDY OF LUCKNOW DISTRICT)
*Manish Roy Tirkey and **Dr. Enid Masih
*Assistant professor, Joseph School of Business Studies SHIATS (ALLAHABAD)
**Associate professor, Joseph School of Business Studies SHIATS (ALLAHABAD)
ABSTRACT
Self-help groups play an important role in rural areas in reducing poverty.
Microfinance and self-help groups assist the rural area people in their financial needs it is a
type of banking service that ensure that unemployed a low-income level people get the better
opportunity and they start to earn their livelihoods by themselves. The main aim of
microfinance or self-help groups to empower women. This paper mainly focuses on the
women’s of rural area in their psychological, social and economic needs. The study is
undertaken in the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Self-help groups need to focus on training
program for the women’s with the help of NGO’s so they develop their skills and Talents.
Keywords: Microfinance, Non-Governmental Organizations, self-help Groups, Women
Empowerment
INTRODUCTION
Microfinance is the provision of financial services to low-income clients, including
consumers and the self-employed, who traditionally lack access to banking and related
services. Microcredit, or microfinance, is banking the unbankables, bringing credit, savings
and other essential financial services within the reach of millions of people who are too poor
to be served by regular banks, in most cases because they are unable to offer sufficient
collateral. In general, banks are for people with money, not for people without.” Microcredit:
Sound Business or Development Instrument is based on the premise that the poor have skills
which remain unutilized or underutilized. Microcredit fits best to those with entrepreneurial
capability and possibility. Ultimately, the goal of microfinance is to give low income people
an opportunity to become self-sufficient by providing a means of saving money, borrowing
money and insurance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (IJM)
ISSN 0976-6502 (Print)
ISSN 0976-6510 (Online)
Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013), pp. 169-175
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijm.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.9071 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
IJM
© I A E M E
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 –
6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013)
170
The main aim of microfinance is to empower women. Women make up a large
proportion of microfinance beneficiaries. Traditionally, women (especially those in
underdeveloped countries) have been unable to readily participate in economic activity.
Microfinance provides women with the financial backing they need to start business ventures
and actively participate in the economy. It gives them confidence, improves their status and
makes them more active in decision-making, thus encouraging gender equality. According to
CGAP, long-standing MFIs even report a decline in violence towards women since the
inception of microfinance.
Self Help Group is a group with “an average size of about 15 people from a
homogenous class. They come together for addressing their common problems. They are
encouraged to make voluntary thrift on a regular basis. They use this pooled resource to make
small interest bearing loans to their members. The process helps them imbibe the essentials of
financial intermediation including prioritization of needs, setting terms and conditions and
accounts keeping. This gradually builds financial discipline in all of them. They also learn to
handle resources of a size that is much beyond the individual capacities of any of them. The
SHG members begin to appreciate that resources are limited and have a cost. Once the groups
show this mature financial behaviour, banks are encouraged to make loans to the SHG in
certain multiples of the accumulated savings of the SHG. The bank loans are given without
any collateral and at market interest rates. The groups continue to decide the terms of loans to
their own members. Since the groups’ own accumulated savings are part and parcel of the
aggregate loans made by the groups to their members, peer pressure ensures timely
repayments.” In this paper the role played by Microfinance in women’s empowerment are
considered into three dimensions namely psychological, social and economic.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In earlier days women of rural areas are mostly dependent on their husbands and they
are not allowed to work and their social status is low. Now days we see that with the help of
microfinance or self-help groups the womens of rural areas are dependent on herselves. Many
NGO’s help them to motivate and starting their own livelihoods.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• To study the role of self-help groups in women empowerment.
• To Examine the level of women empowerment through entrepreneurship
development.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Sources of Data: The study is taken in rural area of Uttar Pradesh. Both primary and
secondary data are used. Secondary data collected from NGO’s report and Primary data are
collected through structured questionnaire
Sample size: 125 samples have been collected from the 10 areas that are selected for the
purpose of the study.
Statistical tool used: Simple percentage method is used to analyse and interpret the data.
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 –
6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013)
171
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
1. No. of income earner in family of women entrepreneur.
No. of
Income
Earners
Number of Women Entrepreneur
Before
Entrepreneurial
activities
Percentage After
Entrepreneurial
activities
Percentage
One 86 68.80 5 04.00
Two 39 31.20 75 60.00
Three ------- 45 36.00
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is cleared that after taking entrepreneurial activities no. of
income earner in the family rises. It shows a good sign that women after taking part in
entrepreneurial activities are more confident to do jobs or self-work.
2. Monthly Income of Women Entrepreneurs
Income Level
(Rs)
Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Before taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
After taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
Up to 1000 72 57.60 3 02.40
1001-2000 48 38.40 40 32.00
2001-3000 5 4.00 37 29.60
3001-4000 ----- ----- 29 23.20
Above 4000 ----- ----- 16 12.80
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is clear that women entrepreneur who didn’t earn 3001-4000 or above
4000 their percentage rise to 23.20 and 12.80 respectively.
3. Monthly Expenditure of Women Entrepreneurs
Expenditure
Level (Rs)
Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Before taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
After taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
Up to 1000 94 75.20 47 37.60
1001-2000 30 24.00 56 44.80
2001-3000 1 00.80 22 17.60
3001-4000 ----- ----- ----- -----
Above 4000 ----- ----- ----- -----
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is clear that after taking entrepreneurial activities the expenditure of
women entrepreneur has gone up in as compared to their expenditure before taking
entrepreneurial activities.
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 –
6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013)
172
4. Monthly Savings Pattern of Women Entrepreneurs
Savings Level
(Rs)
Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Before taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
After taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
Up to 100 77 61.60 47 37.60
101-150 45 36.00 56 44.80
151-200 3 02.40 17 13.60
Above 200 ------- ------- 5 4.00
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is clear that before taking entrepreneurial activities more women
entrepreneur save up to 100 Rs but after taking entrepreneurial activities more women save
more than 100 Rs even more than 200 Rs.
5. Purchase Decision in Women Entrepreneurs
Members
Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Before taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
After taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
Male 112 89.60 72 57.60
Female 13 10.40 34 27.20
Both ------- ------- 19 15.20
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is clear that before taking entrepreneurial activity male member took
most of decision in purchasing durable products while after taking entrepreneurial activity
female member dominance has increased from 10.40% to 27.20%.
6. Education Decision in Women Entrepreneurs
Members
Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Before taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
After taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
Male 111 88.80 86 68.80
Female 14 11.20 19 15.20
Both ------ 20 16
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is shown that education decisions in the family are taken by male
members of the family before taking entrepreneurial activity by women’s but after taking
entrepreneurial activity they take decisions in education matters of the family.
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 –
6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013)
173
7. Marriage Decision in Women Entrepreneurs
Members
Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Before taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
After taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
Male 118 94.40 109 87.20
Female 7 5.60 13 10.40
Both ------ ------- 3 2.40
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is clear that most of the marriage decisions are taken in the family by
the male members and after taking entrepreneurial activity it is slightly decreased women
members of the family also take part in the marriage decisions but not that much increased.
8. Improvement in Personality of Women Entrepreneurs
Personality Elements Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Yes No Total
Improvement in economic condition 123
(98.40)
2
(1.60)
125
(100.00)
Improvement in industrial skills 88
(70.40)
37
(29.60)
125
(100.00)
Improvement in importance in family 123
(98.40)
2
(1.60)
125
(100.00)
Improvement in social status 112
(89.60)
13
(10.40)
125
(100.00)
Improvement in ability to take decisions 81
(64.80)
44
(35.20)
125
(100.00)
Increase in awareness of social problems 61
(48.80)
64
(51.20)
125
(100.00)
Increase in importance in women
education
120
(96.00)
5
(4.00)
125
(100.00)
Overall response 708
(81.00
167
(19.00)
875
(100.00)
From the above table it is clear that personality of women entrepreneurs improved as it is
shown in the table that improvement in economic condition, improvement in industrial skills,
improvement in importance in family, improvement in social status and also increase in
importance of women education.
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 –
6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013)
174
9. Participation in Legal Matters by Women Entrepreneurs
Members
Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Before taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
After taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
Male 105 84.00 85 68.00
Female 20 16.00 25 20.00
Both ------- ------- 15 12.00
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is clear that women participation in legal matter increased a little bit
after taking entrepreneurial activities but it is dominated by the male members of the family.
10. Participation in Social Matters by Women Entrepreneurs
Members
Number of Women Entrepreneurs
Before taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
After taking
Entrepreneurial
Activities
Percentage
Male 73 58.40 18 14.40
Female 7 5.60 10 8.00
Both 45 36.00 97 77.60
Total 125 100 125 100
From the above table it is clear that participation in social matters by women increased by
2.40 per cent but participation of both will increase by 31.60 per cent after taking
entrepreneurial activities.
CONCLUSION
At the end it is clear from all the aspects that for developing both male and female has to
work and when both are working the family condition as well as economic condition of the
country would also be better from this paper it is clear that after taking entrepreneurial
activities women entrepreneurs are earn for their family and taking part in the society activity
as well as taking decisions also on behalf of their family. On the other hand Self help groups
play an important role in women empowerment.
REFERENCES
1. Aktan O (1996). "The Turkish Businessman and Management". Gundogan Publisher
Ankara, Turkey, p. 12.
2. Cakici A (2003). "The Story of Mersin Women Entrepreneurs’ Business Creation and
Recommendations for the Women Who will Launch a Business", 11 National
Management and Organization Congress. University of Afyon, pp. 87-88.
3. Cakici A (2006). Mersin Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurs and Business Life ",
Dokuz Eylul University Social Sciences Institute Review, 8(4): 54-78.
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 –
6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013)
175
4. Dolgun U (2003). "Entrepreneurship", Alpha Printing-Publishing Distribution Limited
Company Istanbul, p. 46.
5. Duncan I (1991). An introduction to entrepreneurship. CMA, 65(9): 32.
6. Ecevit Y (1993). "The Panel, Proceedings and Debates of Encouraging and Supporting
Women Entrepreneurship", Ankara: Under Secretariat of the State Ministry of
Women's Status and Problems of Women and the General Directorate of Social
Services. Education Series, 74: 20.
7. Edwards CC (2008). “Assessing Entrepreneurship and African American Women:
Factors of Success” North central University
8. Graduate Faculty of the School of Business and Technol. Management. Ph. D. Thesis,
Prescott Valley Arizona.
9. Gorsuch RL (1983). Factor analysis, Lawrence erlbaum associates. Inc. ISBN 0-
89859-202-X New Jersey.
10. Hopkins J (2006). Ready to start your business? USA Today, (July 31) p.
El.Anonymous 1 (2010). (http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports. (accessed Sept 12, 2010).
11. Joreskog KG, Reymont R (1993). Applied factor analysis in the natural sciences. NY.
Cambridge University Press.
12. Kalayci S, Albayrak AS, Eroğlu A, Küçüksille E, Ak B, Karaalti M, Keskin HÜ, Çiçek
E, Kayis A, Öztürk E, Antalyali ÖL, Uçar N, Demirgil H, sler DB, Sungur O (2005):
SPSS Applied Multivariate Statistical Techniques, Asil Publication 1. Edition Ankara.
13. Dr.Y.Lokeswara Choudary and S.Chitra, “Women Empowerment Thorough Self Help
Groups a Case Study of Kancheepuram District in Tamilnadu”, International Journal
of Management (IJM), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 309 - 318, ISSN Print: 0976-6502,
ISSN Online: 0976-6510.
14. D.Shanthi Revathi and Dr. Jayasree Krishnan, “Problems and Opportunities of Women
Entrepreneurs Faced in the Globalized Economy”, International Journal of
Management (IJM), Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 77 - 81, ISSN Print: 0976-6502,
ISSN Online: 0976-6510.
15. Dr. J. Venkatesh and K.Kala, “Empowering Rural Women All the Way through Self-
Help Groups”, International Journal of Management (IJM), Volume 1, Issue 2, 2010,
pp. 156 - 163, ISSN Print: 0976-6502, ISSN Online: 0976-6510.

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Women empowerment through self help groups (a study of lucknow district)

  • 1. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013) 169 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS (A STUDY OF LUCKNOW DISTRICT) *Manish Roy Tirkey and **Dr. Enid Masih *Assistant professor, Joseph School of Business Studies SHIATS (ALLAHABAD) **Associate professor, Joseph School of Business Studies SHIATS (ALLAHABAD) ABSTRACT Self-help groups play an important role in rural areas in reducing poverty. Microfinance and self-help groups assist the rural area people in their financial needs it is a type of banking service that ensure that unemployed a low-income level people get the better opportunity and they start to earn their livelihoods by themselves. The main aim of microfinance or self-help groups to empower women. This paper mainly focuses on the women’s of rural area in their psychological, social and economic needs. The study is undertaken in the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Self-help groups need to focus on training program for the women’s with the help of NGO’s so they develop their skills and Talents. Keywords: Microfinance, Non-Governmental Organizations, self-help Groups, Women Empowerment INTRODUCTION Microfinance is the provision of financial services to low-income clients, including consumers and the self-employed, who traditionally lack access to banking and related services. Microcredit, or microfinance, is banking the unbankables, bringing credit, savings and other essential financial services within the reach of millions of people who are too poor to be served by regular banks, in most cases because they are unable to offer sufficient collateral. In general, banks are for people with money, not for people without.” Microcredit: Sound Business or Development Instrument is based on the premise that the poor have skills which remain unutilized or underutilized. Microcredit fits best to those with entrepreneurial capability and possibility. Ultimately, the goal of microfinance is to give low income people an opportunity to become self-sufficient by providing a means of saving money, borrowing money and insurance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (IJM) ISSN 0976-6502 (Print) ISSN 0976-6510 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013), pp. 169-175 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijm.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.9071 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJM © I A E M E
  • 2. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013) 170 The main aim of microfinance is to empower women. Women make up a large proportion of microfinance beneficiaries. Traditionally, women (especially those in underdeveloped countries) have been unable to readily participate in economic activity. Microfinance provides women with the financial backing they need to start business ventures and actively participate in the economy. It gives them confidence, improves their status and makes them more active in decision-making, thus encouraging gender equality. According to CGAP, long-standing MFIs even report a decline in violence towards women since the inception of microfinance. Self Help Group is a group with “an average size of about 15 people from a homogenous class. They come together for addressing their common problems. They are encouraged to make voluntary thrift on a regular basis. They use this pooled resource to make small interest bearing loans to their members. The process helps them imbibe the essentials of financial intermediation including prioritization of needs, setting terms and conditions and accounts keeping. This gradually builds financial discipline in all of them. They also learn to handle resources of a size that is much beyond the individual capacities of any of them. The SHG members begin to appreciate that resources are limited and have a cost. Once the groups show this mature financial behaviour, banks are encouraged to make loans to the SHG in certain multiples of the accumulated savings of the SHG. The bank loans are given without any collateral and at market interest rates. The groups continue to decide the terms of loans to their own members. Since the groups’ own accumulated savings are part and parcel of the aggregate loans made by the groups to their members, peer pressure ensures timely repayments.” In this paper the role played by Microfinance in women’s empowerment are considered into three dimensions namely psychological, social and economic. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM In earlier days women of rural areas are mostly dependent on their husbands and they are not allowed to work and their social status is low. Now days we see that with the help of microfinance or self-help groups the womens of rural areas are dependent on herselves. Many NGO’s help them to motivate and starting their own livelihoods. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY • To study the role of self-help groups in women empowerment. • To Examine the level of women empowerment through entrepreneurship development. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Sources of Data: The study is taken in rural area of Uttar Pradesh. Both primary and secondary data are used. Secondary data collected from NGO’s report and Primary data are collected through structured questionnaire Sample size: 125 samples have been collected from the 10 areas that are selected for the purpose of the study. Statistical tool used: Simple percentage method is used to analyse and interpret the data.
  • 3. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013) 171 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 1. No. of income earner in family of women entrepreneur. No. of Income Earners Number of Women Entrepreneur Before Entrepreneurial activities Percentage After Entrepreneurial activities Percentage One 86 68.80 5 04.00 Two 39 31.20 75 60.00 Three ------- 45 36.00 Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is cleared that after taking entrepreneurial activities no. of income earner in the family rises. It shows a good sign that women after taking part in entrepreneurial activities are more confident to do jobs or self-work. 2. Monthly Income of Women Entrepreneurs Income Level (Rs) Number of Women Entrepreneurs Before taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage After taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage Up to 1000 72 57.60 3 02.40 1001-2000 48 38.40 40 32.00 2001-3000 5 4.00 37 29.60 3001-4000 ----- ----- 29 23.20 Above 4000 ----- ----- 16 12.80 Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is clear that women entrepreneur who didn’t earn 3001-4000 or above 4000 their percentage rise to 23.20 and 12.80 respectively. 3. Monthly Expenditure of Women Entrepreneurs Expenditure Level (Rs) Number of Women Entrepreneurs Before taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage After taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage Up to 1000 94 75.20 47 37.60 1001-2000 30 24.00 56 44.80 2001-3000 1 00.80 22 17.60 3001-4000 ----- ----- ----- ----- Above 4000 ----- ----- ----- ----- Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is clear that after taking entrepreneurial activities the expenditure of women entrepreneur has gone up in as compared to their expenditure before taking entrepreneurial activities.
  • 4. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013) 172 4. Monthly Savings Pattern of Women Entrepreneurs Savings Level (Rs) Number of Women Entrepreneurs Before taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage After taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage Up to 100 77 61.60 47 37.60 101-150 45 36.00 56 44.80 151-200 3 02.40 17 13.60 Above 200 ------- ------- 5 4.00 Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is clear that before taking entrepreneurial activities more women entrepreneur save up to 100 Rs but after taking entrepreneurial activities more women save more than 100 Rs even more than 200 Rs. 5. Purchase Decision in Women Entrepreneurs Members Number of Women Entrepreneurs Before taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage After taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage Male 112 89.60 72 57.60 Female 13 10.40 34 27.20 Both ------- ------- 19 15.20 Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is clear that before taking entrepreneurial activity male member took most of decision in purchasing durable products while after taking entrepreneurial activity female member dominance has increased from 10.40% to 27.20%. 6. Education Decision in Women Entrepreneurs Members Number of Women Entrepreneurs Before taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage After taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage Male 111 88.80 86 68.80 Female 14 11.20 19 15.20 Both ------ 20 16 Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is shown that education decisions in the family are taken by male members of the family before taking entrepreneurial activity by women’s but after taking entrepreneurial activity they take decisions in education matters of the family.
  • 5. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013) 173 7. Marriage Decision in Women Entrepreneurs Members Number of Women Entrepreneurs Before taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage After taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage Male 118 94.40 109 87.20 Female 7 5.60 13 10.40 Both ------ ------- 3 2.40 Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is clear that most of the marriage decisions are taken in the family by the male members and after taking entrepreneurial activity it is slightly decreased women members of the family also take part in the marriage decisions but not that much increased. 8. Improvement in Personality of Women Entrepreneurs Personality Elements Number of Women Entrepreneurs Yes No Total Improvement in economic condition 123 (98.40) 2 (1.60) 125 (100.00) Improvement in industrial skills 88 (70.40) 37 (29.60) 125 (100.00) Improvement in importance in family 123 (98.40) 2 (1.60) 125 (100.00) Improvement in social status 112 (89.60) 13 (10.40) 125 (100.00) Improvement in ability to take decisions 81 (64.80) 44 (35.20) 125 (100.00) Increase in awareness of social problems 61 (48.80) 64 (51.20) 125 (100.00) Increase in importance in women education 120 (96.00) 5 (4.00) 125 (100.00) Overall response 708 (81.00 167 (19.00) 875 (100.00) From the above table it is clear that personality of women entrepreneurs improved as it is shown in the table that improvement in economic condition, improvement in industrial skills, improvement in importance in family, improvement in social status and also increase in importance of women education.
  • 6. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013) 174 9. Participation in Legal Matters by Women Entrepreneurs Members Number of Women Entrepreneurs Before taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage After taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage Male 105 84.00 85 68.00 Female 20 16.00 25 20.00 Both ------- ------- 15 12.00 Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is clear that women participation in legal matter increased a little bit after taking entrepreneurial activities but it is dominated by the male members of the family. 10. Participation in Social Matters by Women Entrepreneurs Members Number of Women Entrepreneurs Before taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage After taking Entrepreneurial Activities Percentage Male 73 58.40 18 14.40 Female 7 5.60 10 8.00 Both 45 36.00 97 77.60 Total 125 100 125 100 From the above table it is clear that participation in social matters by women increased by 2.40 per cent but participation of both will increase by 31.60 per cent after taking entrepreneurial activities. CONCLUSION At the end it is clear from all the aspects that for developing both male and female has to work and when both are working the family condition as well as economic condition of the country would also be better from this paper it is clear that after taking entrepreneurial activities women entrepreneurs are earn for their family and taking part in the society activity as well as taking decisions also on behalf of their family. On the other hand Self help groups play an important role in women empowerment. REFERENCES 1. Aktan O (1996). "The Turkish Businessman and Management". Gundogan Publisher Ankara, Turkey, p. 12. 2. Cakici A (2003). "The Story of Mersin Women Entrepreneurs’ Business Creation and Recommendations for the Women Who will Launch a Business", 11 National Management and Organization Congress. University of Afyon, pp. 87-88. 3. Cakici A (2006). Mersin Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurs and Business Life ", Dokuz Eylul University Social Sciences Institute Review, 8(4): 54-78.
  • 7. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013) 175 4. Dolgun U (2003). "Entrepreneurship", Alpha Printing-Publishing Distribution Limited Company Istanbul, p. 46. 5. Duncan I (1991). An introduction to entrepreneurship. CMA, 65(9): 32. 6. Ecevit Y (1993). "The Panel, Proceedings and Debates of Encouraging and Supporting Women Entrepreneurship", Ankara: Under Secretariat of the State Ministry of Women's Status and Problems of Women and the General Directorate of Social Services. Education Series, 74: 20. 7. Edwards CC (2008). “Assessing Entrepreneurship and African American Women: Factors of Success” North central University 8. Graduate Faculty of the School of Business and Technol. Management. Ph. D. Thesis, Prescott Valley Arizona. 9. Gorsuch RL (1983). Factor analysis, Lawrence erlbaum associates. Inc. ISBN 0- 89859-202-X New Jersey. 10. Hopkins J (2006). Ready to start your business? USA Today, (July 31) p. El.Anonymous 1 (2010). (http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports. (accessed Sept 12, 2010). 11. Joreskog KG, Reymont R (1993). Applied factor analysis in the natural sciences. NY. Cambridge University Press. 12. Kalayci S, Albayrak AS, Eroğlu A, Küçüksille E, Ak B, Karaalti M, Keskin HÜ, Çiçek E, Kayis A, Öztürk E, Antalyali ÖL, Uçar N, Demirgil H, sler DB, Sungur O (2005): SPSS Applied Multivariate Statistical Techniques, Asil Publication 1. Edition Ankara. 13. Dr.Y.Lokeswara Choudary and S.Chitra, “Women Empowerment Thorough Self Help Groups a Case Study of Kancheepuram District in Tamilnadu”, International Journal of Management (IJM), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 309 - 318, ISSN Print: 0976-6502, ISSN Online: 0976-6510. 14. D.Shanthi Revathi and Dr. Jayasree Krishnan, “Problems and Opportunities of Women Entrepreneurs Faced in the Globalized Economy”, International Journal of Management (IJM), Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 77 - 81, ISSN Print: 0976-6502, ISSN Online: 0976-6510. 15. Dr. J. Venkatesh and K.Kala, “Empowering Rural Women All the Way through Self- Help Groups”, International Journal of Management (IJM), Volume 1, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 156 - 163, ISSN Print: 0976-6502, ISSN Online: 0976-6510.