1. Evaluation of Life Threatening Conditions Peter Dajime

2. Importance of Emergency Medicine How did emergency medicine start? Is there a need for emergency medicine at this point in our history?

3. The Rise of Lifestyle Diseases 5 Leading Causes of Mortality Cause Rate per 100,000 Heart Diseases 69.8 Vascular Diseases 54.1 Pneumonias 43.1 Accidents 39.9 Cancer 37.5

5. Under the Dept. of Transportation

6. Several levels of service providers1. First Responder 2. Dispatcher 3. EMT

8. Assessment

10. Patient Assessment Scene size-up Initial assessment Focused history and physical exam Vital signs History Detailed physical exam Ongoing assessment

11. Develop a General Impression Occurs as you approach the scene and the patient Assessment of the environment Patient’s chief complaint Presenting signs and symptoms of patient

12. Obtaining Consent Introduce self. Ask patient’s name. Obtain consent. Expressed? Or Implied?

13. Good Samaritan Law Provides immunity from liability to a first responder who stops and helps at the scene of the emergency provided they do all they can, within their knowledge, to sustain life and prevent further injury.

14. Trauma Damage caused by an external energy force that dissipated at a faster rate than the body’s ability to withstand Blunt? Penetrating?

15. Chief Complaint Most serious problem voiced by the patient May not be the most significant problem present Signs? Or Symptoms?

16. Signs and Symptoms Manifestations in the gross anatomy of a patient due to physiologic and structural changes in the tissues and organs

17. Signs and Symptoms Pain? Tenderness? Breathing? Pulse? Behaviour? Temperature? Appearance?

18. Assessing Mental Status Responsiveness Response to external stimuli Orientation Mental status and thinking ability

19. Testing Responsiveness AAlert VResponsive to Verbal stimulus PResponsive to Pain UUnresponsive

20. Check Airway Labored breathing Accessory muscles Noisy breathing Cyanosis Rate and depth Air movement Choking

21. Types of Obstruction Anatomical Mechanical Partial Complete Partial Complete

23. absence of breath sounds

24. flared nostrils

25. restlessness

26. unresponsive

27. weak cough

28. wheezing

29. strained breathing

31. Heimlich Maneuver

33. THREE CONDITIONS OF CARDIAC ARREST 1. Cardio Vascular Collapse The heart is still beating but its action is so weak that is not being circulated through the vascular system to the brain body tissues. 2. Ventricular Fibrillation Occurs when the individual fascicles of the heart beat independently rather than the coordinated, synchronized manner that produce rhythmic heart beat. 3. Cardiac standstill It means that the heart has stopped beating.

34. Cardiovascular Emergencies Heart attack is the death of the heart muscle due to deficient blood supply. Usually mistaken for angina pectoris. What causes heart attack?

35. Cardiovascular Emergencies Arrhythmia is a broad classification of heart disorders that pertain to irregularity in the sinus rhythm Bradycardia – too slow Tachycardia – too fast

37. Risk factors include gender, age, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes

42. Symptoms include headache, balance problem, confusion, and dizzy

44. Could be linear, comminuted, depressed, or basilar

45. Watch out for complications!!

46. Signs and symptoms include cushing’s triad, nausea, and CSF leak