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Chapter 2
 Part 4 of 4
Definitions




Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
Reversible (Carnot) Heat engine

           Is a hypothetical engine that operates on the reversible cycle
           Named After Nicolas Carnot
           Doesn’t Violate the first law
           Violate the second law
           Violation can be easily detected by Entropy S
           The Carnot engine model was mathematically elaborated            Nicolas Carnot
               upon by Rudolf Clausius in the 1850s and 60s from which        1796-1832
               the concept of entropy emerged.                                  France


                                           Simulation




Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani

                             
                             Reversible Process




                 First Law

               Second Law
                                                  Q   ?



Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
First Law
            Some process can not take place in real life but yet apply to the 1st law
            Provides no restriction over the process direction


            Second Law
            Does not apply to such process
            Gives Direction to the energy follow
            Indicates the energy Quality
            Provides accurate evaluation of any engineering process.
            Provides a theoretical limit of any engineering process.




Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
Second Law Statements:

                    Clausius statement
                   No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from
                   a body of lower temperature to a body of higher temperature


                    Kelvin statement
                   No process is possible in which the sole result is the absorption of
                   heat from a reservoir and its complete conversion into work.




Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
Entropy S
             Entropy is

              a thermodynamic property that can be used to determine the energy
               available for useful work in a thermodynamic process

              a measure of the disorder of a system.

                                                        𝑄
                                               Δ𝑆 =
                                                        𝑇
                                the heat added per unit temperature and
                                has the units of Joules/Kelvin (J/K)

              In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same
               according to the second law of thermodynamic




Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
IC engine
                          1000 words or 5 pages Essay to be submitted and presented
                                       in front of the class next week.


                                                   @
                                                eLearning

Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani

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MET 211 introduction-to_thermdynamics_4-4_

  • 1. Chapter 2 Part 4 of 4
  • 3. Reversible (Carnot) Heat engine  Is a hypothetical engine that operates on the reversible cycle  Named After Nicolas Carnot  Doesn’t Violate the first law  Violate the second law  Violation can be easily detected by Entropy S  The Carnot engine model was mathematically elaborated Nicolas Carnot upon by Rudolf Clausius in the 1850s and 60s from which 1796-1832 the concept of entropy emerged. France Simulation Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
  • 4.  Reversible Process First Law Second Law Q ? Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
  • 5. First Law  Some process can not take place in real life but yet apply to the 1st law  Provides no restriction over the process direction Second Law  Does not apply to such process  Gives Direction to the energy follow  Indicates the energy Quality  Provides accurate evaluation of any engineering process.  Provides a theoretical limit of any engineering process. Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
  • 6. Second Law Statements:  Clausius statement No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a body of lower temperature to a body of higher temperature  Kelvin statement No process is possible in which the sole result is the absorption of heat from a reservoir and its complete conversion into work. Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
  • 7. Entropy S Entropy is  a thermodynamic property that can be used to determine the energy available for useful work in a thermodynamic process  a measure of the disorder of a system. 𝑄 Δ𝑆 = 𝑇 the heat added per unit temperature and has the units of Joules/Kelvin (J/K)  In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same according to the second law of thermodynamic Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani
  • 9. IC engine 1000 words or 5 pages Essay to be submitted and presented in front of the class next week. @ eLearning Dr.Khaled S. Al-zahrani