1. IV th International Conference
on
Advances in Energy Research,
IIT, Mumbai , December 10-12 , 2013
“Power Output Maximization of Partially
Shaded 4*4 PV field by Altering its Topology ”
Name of the Authors
,
Smita Pareek
&
Dr.(Mrs.) Ratna Dahiya
(NIT Kurukshetra)
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2. • Introduction
CONTENTS
• Modeling OF PV Module
• Modeling Of PV Array & Interconnection Schemes
• Simulation of Interconnection Schemes
• Results & Observations
• Conclusion & Future Works
REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
Energy received from the sun
that sustains life on earth.
Now possible to harness solar
energy.
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4. ……………continued
Present and Future Scenario of Solar Energy
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6. Advantages of Solar Energy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The cost of the technology is decreasing almost
every few months and the efficiency is improving.
Free of Cost.
Need not to pay any utility bills.
No limitation to the availability
Rebates and incentives by Government
Sell the additional electricity generated .
No transmission cost.
Need not bother by power failures in the grid
Static Structure
Longer Life
On-site green power production
Silent & low maintenance.
Disadvantages of Solar Energy
•
•
Initial cost of the installation and equipment is high.
Need space for installing solar panels
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7. Ways of producing power out of Solar Energy
Thermal route
Photovolatic route
(Converts light in solar energy into Electricity)
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(Using heat for Generation of Electricity)
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8. Working Principle
Absorption
Solar Radiation.
of
 Generation
&
Transport of free
carriers at the p–n
junction.
Collection of these
electric charges at
the terminals.
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9. Photovoltaic System
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11. Modeling of PV Cell / Module / Array
Model
Electrical Scheme
Ideal model
Number of Parameters
(3)
Iph , Io and a
One-diode
model
(5)
Ipv , Io , Rs , Rsh , and a
Two-diode
model
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(7)
Iph , Io1 , Io2, Rs , Rsh , and a
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12. MODELING OF PV CELL
Equivalent Circuit
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13. ……..continued
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14. ……..continued
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15. ……..continued
I-V And P-V Characteristic Curves Of A PV Array Under Uniform Solar Irradiation
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16. I-V & P-V CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF
SIMULATED SINGLE MODULE
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17. CHARACTERISTICS COMPARISON
OF
SIMULATED MODULE & KC200 GT MODULE
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18. Modeling Of PV Array
&
Interconnection Schemes
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19. Different Array Interconnection
Traditional Series-Parallel Interconnection Scheme
Modules are connected
in series to form strings
and then theses strings
are connected in parallel
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20. Module 1
Module 2
Series Combination
P-V and I-V characteristics of two Module in series with same Insolation (1000 & 1000 )
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21. Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Series Combination
P-V and I-V characteristics of three Module in series with same Insolation (1000 )
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22. I-V characteristics of single, two and three Module in parallel
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23. Partial Shading
Partial Shading?
Condition under which different modules in the array
experience different irradiance levels due to shading
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24. • These days’ solar PV arrays are being assimilated on
the rooftop of a building. Therefore PV array are
often under partial shadow .
• These shadows can be either easy-to-predict (like
neighbor’s chimney, nearby tree or neighboring
buildings etc.) or difficult-to-predict (passing clouds,
birds litter etc.).
• These shadows decrease the output power
obtained by PV arrays in a considerable manner .
• This makes the study of partial shading of modules
a key issue.
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25. Module 1
Module 2
Series Combination
P-V and I-V characteristics of two Module in series with different Insolation (1000 & 200 W/m2 )
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26. Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Series Combination
P-V and I-V characteristics of three Module in series with different Insolation (1000 ,500 & 200 W/m2 )
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27. TOTAL CROSS TIED
BRIDGE LINKED
Modules are first
connected in parallel
and
then
these
parallel connections
are
connected in
series.
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Some
of
connection of
connection
removed
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the
TCT
are
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28. 




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TCT reduces mismatch losses from partial
shading significantly when compared to SP
Partial shading affects the modules’ short
circuit currents thus affecting the modules’
output currents at their MPPs.
This leads to a lack of coherence between
modules’ MPPs and array’s MPP.
In case of SP, this issue is more severe than that
in case of TCT.
The reason is that SP has more number of
series strings than TCT. Also, TCT interconnection
reduces the possibility of turning
ON
bypass
diodes, thus reducing the corresponding losses[4].
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29. 4* 4 PV Field with SP Interconnection
Scheme
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30. 4* 4 PV Field with TCT Interconnection
Scheme
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31. 4* 4 PV Field with BL Interconnection
Scheme
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32. RESULTS
&
OBSERVATIONS
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34. The shadow is assumed to be moving shadow and two
cases are considered as explained below:CASE I: The moving shadow is assumed to be progress
on the horizontal modules (from left to right)
of last row as shown by column 1, 5, 6 & 7 of Table1.
CASE II: The moving shadow is assumed to be progress on the
vertical modules (from top to bottom) of first column
as shown by column 1, 2, 3 & 4 of Table1.
Assumption: It is assumed that modules which are
shaded are receiving Insolation equal
to 200 W/m2 and non shaded modules
are receiving Insolation equal to 1000 W/m2.
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35. PV
&
IV
Characteristics
of
Interconnection Schemes for shading
pattern as Shown by column 6 of Table I.
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36. PV & IV Characteristics of Interconnectio
n Schemes for shading pattern as Shown
by
column
3
of
Table
I.
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37. CONCLUSION
 Series-Parallel (SP) interconnection produces maximum
power as compared to Total-Cross-Tied (TCT) interconnection
when shadow is predicted to be progress on last row of horiz
ontal
modules.
 TCT interconnection produces maximum power as compared
to SP interconnections when shadow is predicted to be
progress on leftmost column of vertical modules.
 Thus maximum power can be availed by choosing
interconnection scheme according to the shading pattern,
thus increasing the generated output power of arrays.
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38. REFERENCES
[1]Ali Bidram, Student Member, IEEE, Ali Davoudi, Member, IEEE, and Robert S. Balog, Senior Memb
er, IEEE “Control and Circuit Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading Effects in Photovoltaic Arrays
” IEEE Journal of Photovolatics,, Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2012,pp 532-547
[2]Luiz Fernando Lavado Villa, Damien Picault, Bertrand Raison, Member, IEEE, Seddik Bacha, Memb
er, IEEE, and Antoine Labonne ,” Maximizing the Power Output of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic
Plants Through Optimization of the Interconnections Among Its Modules ”, IEEE Journal Of Phot
ovolatics, VOL. 2, NO. 2, APRIL 2012, pp154-164
[3] Marcelo Gradella Villalva, J. R. Gazoli, and Ernesto Ruppert Filho “Comprehensive Approach to
Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays” IEEE Transactions on power electronics, Vol.
24, No. 5, May 2009 pp 1198-1208
[4] M. Z. Shams El-Dein, Student Member, IEEE, Mehrdad Kazerani, Senior Member, IEEE, and M. M.
A. Salama, Fellow, IEEE An Optimal Total Cross Tied Interconnection for Reducing Mismatch
Losses in Photovoltaic Arrays” “ IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , Vol. 4, No. 1, January
2013, pp 99-107
[5] H. Patel & V.Agarwal, Senior Member, IEEE “MATLAB-Based Modeling to Study the Effects of
Partial Shading on PV Array Characteristics” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 23, No.
1, March 2008 pp 302-310
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39. [6] Yuncong Jiang, Student Member, IEEE, Jaber A. Abu Qahouq, Senior Member, IEEE
and Mohamed Orabi, Senior Member, IEEE “Matlab/Pspice Hybrid Simulation
Modeling of Solar PV Cell/Module” 2011 IEEE pp 1244-1251
[7] Jan T. Bialasiewicz, Senior Member, IEEE,” Renewable Energy Systems with
Photovoltaic Power Generators: Operation and Modeling”, IEEE Transactions
onIndustrial Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 7, July 2008, pg 2752-2758
[8] M.Arun Bhaskar, B.Vidya, R.Madhumitha, S.Priyadharcini, K.
Jayanthi, G.R.Malarkodi” A Simple PV Array modeling Using MATLAB” 2011 IEEE pp
122-127.
[9] K. Ishaque, Z. Salam, H. Taheri, Accurate MATLAB Simulink PV System Simulator
Based on a Two-Diode Model, Journal of Power Electronics, 11 (2011)
[10] Y.-H. Ji, J.-G. Kim, S.-H. Park, J.-H. Kim, and C.-Y. Won, “C-language based PV array
simulation technique considering effects of partial shading,” in Industrial
Technology, 2009. ICIT 2009. IEEE International Conference on, feb. 2009, pp. 1 –6.
[11] E. Karatepe, M. Boztepe, and M. Colak, “Development of a suitable model for
characterizing photovoltaic arrays with shaded solar cells,” Sol.Energy, vol. 81, no.
8, pp. 977–992, Aug. 2007.
[12] K. Ishaque, Z. Salam, H. Taheri, Syafaruddin, Modeling and simulationof
photovoltaic (PV) system during partial shading based on a two-diode
model, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 19 (2011) 1613-1626.
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40. THANK YOU
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