1. The eCar Ireland Project
IEEE VTS Workgroup
University College Cork
Senan McGrath
Chief Technology Officer, ESB ecars
Aug 30th 2011

2. Irish Targets for 2020
• 10% of all Vehicles will be electric
• Battery or PHEV
• 250k vehicles
• EU 2009 Climate Energy Package
– 20% CO2 reduction on 1990 (15% of 2005 figure)
• EU Renewables Directives
– 10% of all road transport energy from renewable sources
www.esb.ie/ecars
2

3. Ireland as a location for ecars
• Single electricity network company
• Government commitment
• High levels of wind generation
• Limited range between urban centres
• Ideal climate for batteries
• High levels of Single family dwellings
• Ireland is a leader in the IT sector
www.esb.ie/ecars
3

4. EV Charging Market Models
Slide courtesy of Eurelectric www.esb.ie/ecars
4

5. eCar Ireland
• Early supply of electric cars
• Renault - Nissan;
Mitsubishi, PSA Peugeot
Citroen, Toyota
• Incentives
• ESB to provide national
charging infrastructure
• All electricity suppliers
facilitated for competitive
market for electricity to
charge vehicles
www.esb.ie/ecars
5

6. National Roll out of Charging Infrastructure
1500 On Street Charge Points
• Dublin & County 500
• Cork 135
• Limerick 45
• Galway 45
• Waterford 45
At least one charging point for
every town with 1500+ population
30 Fast Chargers
• On all major inter urban route
• Every 60 km
2000 Domestic Chargers
www.esb.ie/ecars
6

7. Charging Infrastructure
HOME / WORK PUBLIC FAST
6 – 8 hours 1 - 6 hours* 80% in 20 minutes
AC 1Φ 16A Mode 3 AC 3Φ 32A Mode 3 DC 50kW
Type 2/ fixed cable Type 2
AC 3Φ 63A Mode 3
fixed cable (Future)
*Depending on car
www.esb.ie/ecars
7

8. EU Commission Mandate M/ 468
• Mandate issued Jun 2010
• Report Jun 2011
• Develop/ Review standards to
• Ensure Interoperability and
connectivity between
– Supply Point and on-board Car
charger
– Off-board charger and Car
• Consider Any Smart Charging
Issue
• Consider Safety Risks and
electromagnetic compatibility
with Directives (LVD and EMC)
www.esb.ie/ecars
8

9. EVs Connector types (AC)
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3b
 1 ф 32A  from 1 ф 16A  From 1 ф 16A
250Vac 250V to 3 ф 250V to 3 ф
63A 480V 63 A 480V
Shutters
www.esb.ie/ecars
05/11 9

10. DC Fast Charger Connectors
SAE Combo Connector Chademo Connector
www.esb.ie/ecars
10

11. DC Fast Charging
• Japanese led Chademo Standard
– Launched Internationally Mar 2010
– European Steering Group Dec 2010
– ESB member from start and on European
Steering Group
www.esb.ie/ecars
11

12. European Chademo Fast Chargers (Jul 2011)
www.esb.ie/ecars
12

13. Technical Issues for Irish Charging Infrastructure
• Standardisation (EU mandated Cen/ Cenelec Focus Group)
• Earthing and Bonding (car has large exposed metal surface)
• Double-Headed 32A 3 ф Charging posts (2 x 22kW) at forefront
of Charging technology
– Type B RCDs
– Utility Grade Metering
– Communicate with Back office using specified Open Architecture
– Varying the power supplied using the PWM signal
– Under-frequency switching
• “Upstream” protection
– IP66 Vault, mini-pillar, in base of Charge post
• Earth Loop impedance test on a Type 2 socket installation.
www.esb.ie/ecars
13

14. IT Target Requirements
• Customer
– Intuitive, ease of use, complexity hidden from user
– Charge Point reservation, remote lock & unlock
– Stream data to other users (respecting privacy)
– Facilitate Apps creation by 3rd parties
• Commercial
– Open access to all licenced energy suppliers
– Pre-pay, Post-pay and Anonymous Users
– Reconciliation with market systems
– Payments, Enquiries & Tariffs Portal
– Roaming on island of Ireland (2 currencies)
• Smart Charging (research now for future use)
– Frequency response
– Interruptible Tariffs (virtual spinning reserve)
– Local Distribution management
www.esb.ie/ecars
14

15. Initial Irish Leaf Owners
www.esb.ie/ecars
15

16. Electric and Hybrids in ESB Fleet
www.esb.ie/ecars
16

17. Other Electric Vehicles in Ireland
Grange Builders
Suppliers Smiths
Newton
Celtic Linen Smiths Newton
(Avia 10.5 tonne GVW)
OPW Smiths Newton Verde Autos Van
(Avia 7.5 tonne GVW)
www.esb.ie/ecars
17

18. eTaxi Project
www.esb.ie/ecars
18

19. EV Charging Profile Project Dran-View 6.9.01 HASP : 1268339432 (4B9952E8h)
Average Pow er (kW) Timeplot from 09/02/2011 10: 23:35 to 09/02/2011 16: 42: 55
• Technology Institute Project 2.5
• First test on Mitsubishi iMiev 2.0
•
kW
Plan to develop suite of profiles for 1.5
all EVs 1.0
•
0.5
DC Fast Charger Profiles also to be A P(kW) (avg)
measured
Frequency content (up to 1000th harmonic) of the current waveform
11:00
09/02/2011
12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00
Wednesday
Dran-View 6.9.01 HASP : 1268339432 (4B9952E8h)
-10 Ev ent #80 at 09/02/ 2011 16:19:59.800
Voltage & Cu rrent Waveforms at 09/02/2011 10:29: 59.800
Timed
Volts Min Max Avg Amps
-20 AP(kW) 0.3348 2.676 2.500
300
15
-30 200
10
Amplitude (dB0)
-40 100
5
Current
Voltage
0 0
-50
-5
-100
-60
-10
-200
-70 -15
-300
-80
10:29:59.87 10:29:59.88 10:29:59.89 10:29:59.90 10:29:59.91
09/02/2011
Wednesday
-90 Voltage Current
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Ev ent #41 at 09/02/ 2011 10: 29:59. 800
Frequency (Hz) 4
x 10
Timed
www.esb.ie/ecars
19

20. Other Project Partnerships
• 3 EU FP7 Projects
• Intel & ESB MoU (FP7)
– Smart charging
• Interreg Project
• Eurelectric (Utilities)
– EV Task Force
• EPRI (US) Smart Grids
– EV on Distribution Network
• Northern Ireland Plugged-in-
Places
www.esb.ie/ecars
20