Presentación del proyecto comenius

1. ART AND ARCHITECTURE
at the beginning of 20° century

2. Introduction
 Art Nouveau plays an important role in the
history of modern art and architecture in
Europe, a kind of fundamental genetic unit
able to carry on the extraordinary cultural
heritage of 19th century to 20th one.

3. Origins of Art Nouveau
 The origins of art nouveau come from
different parallel situations like Gothic
revival, Arts and Crafts movement, iron
buildings like arcades and greenhouses, the
influence of pre-raphaelites, impressionist,
symbolist painters, oriental objects, mainly
from Japan, which were imported by the british
A.L. Liberty, from which this style was named
and from a taste for new techniques like
wooden bending adopted by Thonet for his
famous chairs since 1830…

4. Thonet furnishings

5. Art Nouveau
 Art Nouveau wasn‟t only an architectural
style but deeply influenced the costume of an
age: it involves different fields of art like
fashion, graphics, painting,
 theatre, advertising, furnishings and
architecture.

8. Graphics and advertising

10. Victor Horta
 Victor Horta was the first architect who created a
building in Bruxelles, named Maison Tassel in 1893,
that can be considered art nouveau

11. Horta
 Horta studied gothic revival and Viollet le Duc, post-
impressionist painters and he got an organic interest,
which was very meaningful in the aesthetics of
Einfuhlung … empathy… feeling together

12. Maison Horta

13. An international style
 Art Nouveau was the effort to put together
upper class taste for beauty with poor
buildings materials.
 It was able to produce objects and furnishings
that every social class could buy and it gave
birth to modern industrial design
 In a few words Art Nouveau caracterised
middle class cottages and buildings but also
underground stations, lower class buildings
and even factories

14. An international style

15. A new style
 In this new style we find memories of Medieval age
( Gaudì, Mackintosh )
Gaudì: Sagrada Familia Mackintosh:
Queen‟s Cross church

16. An international style
 of classicism (Wagner, Olbrich, Hoffmann) or a popular taste (Van de
Velde)

17. Architecture
 In architecture there‟s a stress on linear structures;
that‟s why we get a new use of iron and different
buildings materials mixed in the same building like
brick, stone, glass, ceramics just to join together
various production fields

18. Drawings and studies of art nouveau decorations
Realized by the students of the architectural department of Liceo Artistico Boccioni

19. Drawings realized by the students of the architectural department of
Liceo Artistico Boccioni

20. Art Nouveau in Germany and Austria
The German term 'Jugendstil' goes back to the Munich
magazine Jugend, first published in 1896, as they
spread the spirit of optimism at the turn of the
century.In France and Belgium, this style is known as
'Art Nouveau', after the art gallery L'Art Nouveau Bing
by Samuel Bing. Opened 1896 in Paris, the exhibition
room with this name should underline the modernity of
the presented items, including jewelry, glass art and
furnishings. The common name in Great Britain was
'Modern Style', in Spain this architecture was called
'Style Modernista' or 'Modernisme'. 1884 the word
'modernista' was used for the first time in the journal
L„Avenç on the occasion of an exhibition in Barcelona
about European arts and crafts.

21. In Austria it was named 'Sezessionsstil' after the
artists' association Wiener Sezession.
All names, however, capture the central idea of this
movement: “It should be a youthful restart, which
represent, free of any requirement, the modern style
of the time.”
cover of the Munich magazine Jugend 1896

22. . 1900 Vienna was the seventh largest city in the world
whose population has grown from 1.3 to 2 million
citizens between 1890 and 1910. The associated
construction activity was the economic precondition
for the artistic development of Art Nouveau in Vienna.
The beginnings of Viennese
Secession style can be attributed
to the founding of the Vienna
Secession artists' association in
1897. The secessionists wanted to
distance themselves from the
conservative Academy of Fine
Arts (lat. secedere: separate, split
off).

23. This association, to which the painter Gustav Klimt and the
architects Otto Wagner and Josef Maria Olbrich belonged ,
demanded like other European artists "a break with the
outmoded traditions of historism and a renewal of Fine Arts.
The period around the turn of the century can be described
as a time of "revolutionary reformers". The journal of the
secessionists Ver Sacrum (= sacred spring) announced in
January 1898: “Every age has its own sense. It is our aim to
awake the artistic ideas of our time, to encourage and
disseminate them. […] The foreign art should inspire us, and
reflect on ourselves, we don‟t want to imitate it .
Unlike the French Art Nouveau, the Secession style is
characterized "by clear, usually symmetrical arranged
buildings and openings, strong axes and clear space

24. planning, often in conjunction with flat roofs." With the
strict geometric style, the Art Nouveau in Austria differs
significantly from the curvaceous buildings of Gaudί. The
right angle and strong contrasts of black and white
dominate the Austrian architecture in which each
ornamental should frame and separate the different parts
of the surface.
Symbol of this new style is the foundation construction
of the Vienna Secession from 1898, build by the architect
Joseph Maria Olbrich, an exhibition space for artists who
could no longer show their works in the Vienna house of
arts. The building is composed of “stereometric blocks”
and adorned with a delicate, filigree decoration. For the
former understanding of architecture, the building was
"very simply designed with and unusual cubic form.

25. Thereon towers the metal dome, made out of 3000 gilded
laurel leaves, like a crown above the entrance. Due to this
remarkable ornamentation, the building has been called
"Krauthapperl" (= cabbage) by the Viennese. Other organic
ornaments are found in flat leaf and stem motives on the
edges of the building.
Under the dome the motto of the rebellious artists'
association is inscribed in gold letters that provides a
clear demand to the society: >To every age its art, to art
its freedom<. The functionality of the new style is not only
evident in the prestigious exhibition space, but also in
other buildings such as the "Majolicahouse". It was built
in 1898 by Otto Wagner and is part of the left Vienna-line.

26. The weather-resistant, washable
tiles of the outer wall are very
easy to clean, which indicates the
practical architecture of this style
of architecture. The floral pattern
is symmetrical and the majolica-
tiles adorn the six floor apartment
building.
The numerous ornaments and
decorations on the facade are going
back to herbal and organic forms
such as "sunflowers, female figures, faces and masks." The
decor had primarily the function to cheer the severe façade
up.

27. Otto Wagner, who joined
the association "Vienna
Secession” in 1899, was
the town planner of
Vienna. Since 1894 the
establishment of the
Vienna city railway was
among his
responsibilities.
Wagner used the modern construction material iron for bus
stops and train stations, such as Gaudí and Guimard, but he put
it, unlike to the Paris style, "always in conjunction with Stone".
For example the iron skeleton of the Karlsplatz is filled with
white walls of marble and plaster and adorned by golden
sunflowers and green lines.

28. Art Nouveau and Liberty in Poland
 Paintings and stained glass
 Stanisław Wyspiański

29. Konstelacja gwiezdna Bliźnięta”
„Caritas”

31. Witold Wojtkiewicz

32. Józef Mehoffer

33. Poland
 Edward Okuń

34. Sculpture and Architecture in Poland
 Wacław Szymanowski
Poznan

35. Architecture in Poznan

37. Warsaw

39. Art Nouveau in Greece
 The New Art Movement (art nouveau) which
had been prevailing in Europe since the
late 19th century, is brought into Greece by
Greek architects who had graduated
schools of architecture abroad.
 However, their persecute is hesitating and
limited

40. Art Nouveau in Greece
Casa Bianca Thessaloniki

41. Greece
 Sophia Laskaridou
(1882-1965)
 Dedicated to her art she created its own world of
forms. There , without restrictions and inhibitions,
she could implement the ideals of beauty.

42. Greece
 Thomas Thomopoulos (1873-1937)
 A Greek sculptor, painter and professor at the
School of Fine Arts.

43. Spain : HISTORICAL CONTEXT
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR(189
ALFONSO XIII MONARCHY (1886-1931)
DISASTER OF
ANNUAL(1921)
PRIMO DE RIVERA DICTATORSHIP (1923-1930)
II REPUBLIC (1931-1936)
CIVIL WAR(1936-1939)
WORLD WAR II(1939-1945)
FRANCO DICTATORSHIP (1939-1975)

44. ART CONTEXT (SPAIN)
LLUÍS DOMÈNECH (MODERNIST ARCHITECT)
JOAN MIRÓ (SURREALIST PAINTER)
JUAN GRIS (CUBIST PAINTER)
IGNACIO ZULOAGA (POST-IMPRESIONIST PAINTER)

45. JOAQUÍN SOROLLA
Born in Valencia on February 27, 1863. Dead
in Cercedilla (Madrid) on August 10, 1923.
He is one of the leading figures in the
Spanish Impresionism, and one of the most
prolific (with more than two thousand
works).
His work can be divided into four periods:
· Education (1863-1886)
· Consolidation(1889-1899)
· Culmination(1900-1910)
· Final(1911-1920)

46. CONSOLIDATION(1889-1899)
LOS GUITARRISTAS (1889)
TRATA DE BLANCAS (1894)

47. CULMINATION(1900-1910)
SERIE LA PLAYA DE ZARAUZ (1909-1910)

48. FINAL (1911-1920)
JARDÍN DE LA CASA SOROLLA (1916)
PESCADORAS (1915)

49. Catalonian Modernism:
Lluis Domenech: i Montaner:
Barcelona – Palau de la Musica

50. ANTONI
GAUDÍ
Born in Reus (Cataluña) on June 25, 1852.
Dead in Barcelona on June 10, 1926.
He is the most important and original
architect of the Modrernism in Spain and
probably the whole Europe.
Numerous works by Gaudí have been
declared World Heritage Sites by the
UNESCO. His main work is the Templo
Expiatorio de la Sagrada Familia, still under
construction, where Gaudí worked all his
life, since 1882 until his death, exclusively
his last fifteen years (1911-1926).

51. Antoni Gaudì
Palacio Guell
Parco Guell

52. Parco Guell

53. Casa Milà
La Pedrera

54. Casa Batllò

55. SAGRADA FAMILIA (1882), UNDER
CONSTRUCTION

56. SAGRADA FAMILIA (1882), UNDER
CONSTRUCTION

57. Portugal
Sintra: Palacio da Pena

58. Portugal
In Portugal the eclecticism is mainly visible in
Lisbon, Oporto, and Aveiro

59. Vicent House -Porto
Golden façade of forged iron
It was built in 1914-1915
Reis Filhos Jewellery‟s

60. In 1906- it was renovated according to a project by Architect
José Teixeira Lopes and sculptor António Teixeira Lopes.
A house in Art Nouveau
Style in Porto

61. Barbot House in Gaia
Built in 1920
Today it is the House of Culture of the
Municipality of Gaia
Nº 28 Galeria de Paris
Street-Porto

62. The inside (Lello bookshop)

63. Porto: A traditional grocer‟s in the
downtown -1917
Art Nouveau façade
with tiles representing
a the spices route

64. ci

65. Iron architecture
Eclecticism became the favourite artistic style of the triumphant
bourgeoisie, who boasted its economical prosperity in architecture.

67. Tiles
A large part of the Painting in Portugal was done on tiles which decorated
the façades, friezes, or even large surfaces of the walls of many buildings

68. Art Nouveau Buidings - Aveiro
On the left – Art
Nouveau building -
Republic Museum
Building
Female figure in the
centre surrounded
by floral
arrangements
In the middle - Rota
da Luz House of
Tourism
On the right – House of the Agricultural Cooperative Association
Architects: Francisco Augusto Silva Rocha, Jaime Inácio dos Santos

69. Aveiro – House of Major Pessoa
Architects: Francisco da Silva Rocha and Ernesto Korrodi

70. Building of the Four Seasons -Aveiro
The façade is entirely covered
with illustrative panels of the
Four Seasons

71. Póvoa de Varzim- Villa Georgette

72. Decorative panel -Lisbon

73. “Art Nouveau” Monument-Aveiro

74. Ceramics
Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro:
• caricaturist and illustrator .
• ceramist
• made use of irony and humour through cermics
satirizing characters and situations of political and
social Portuguese life.

75. Ceramics
By Costa Mota
Sobrinho-1912
Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro

76. Cachepot Crystal Decanter Glasses
Javali Javali Pots of flowers
Candlestick

77. Advertising

78. Magazine covers

79. Liberty in Italy

81. Raimondo D‟Aronco was one of the most important
architects of Art Nouveau in Italy. He got graduation in
Venice and taught at the university in Sicily. He worked in
Istambul too for the rebuilding of the town

82. D‟Aronco: buildings
and water-colors

83. Ernesto Basile worked in Palermo with his
father and collaborated to the realization of Teatro
Massimo. He also had an important role in the
decoration of the parliament of Montecitorio in
Rome.

84. Basile: furniture and design

85. Pietro Fenoglio was an Italian engineer and architect lived at the turning of the
20th century. Famous interpreter of Art Nouveau style, he graduated from the Royal
Institute for Arts Applied in Turin, the city where he lived and worked for all his life. At
the beginning of his career, his designs featured Neo-Gothic style; successively, after
the Universal Exposition of Turin of 1902 , he approached Italian Art Nouveau style. In
the same year, Fenoglio was elected counselor of Turin and he started working on the
new urban planning for the city (ended in 1908). Furthermore, he was member of the
Turinese Society for public housing and of the journal "L'architettura italiana
moderna". Among his many projects and examples of his style there are: "Casa Le
Fleur", "Palazzina Rossi" and "Villino Raby" in Turin.

87. Floral style in Naples
Via Palizzi

89. Villa Pappone, Posillipo Grand hotel Eden
Parco Margherita

90. Galleria Umberto
Galleria Principe di Piemonte

91. Art and architecture
at the beginning of 20° century
Towards a European Identity
realized by Liceo Artistico Boccioni, Naples IT
With the contribution of:
IES El Burgo de las Rozas Madrid, ES
Escola Secundaria Alexandre Herculano, Porto PT
Geniko Likio Agiou Stefanou, Athens GR
Katharinen-Gymnasium, Ingolstadt DE
I Liceum im. Tadeusza Kosciuszki, Konin PL