11. The Pituitary Pituitary secretes 8 hormones
Two divisions: 1. TSH
2. ACTH
3. FSH
• Anterior pituitary 4. LH
________
5. GH
6. PRL
_________________________________________________________________
• Posterior
pituitary 8. ADH (antidiuretic hormone), or vasopressin
9. Oxytocin

12. What the letters stand for…
• TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone
• ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
• FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone
• LH: luteinizing hormone
• GH: growth hormone
• PRL: prolactin
• MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone
• ADH: antidiuretic hormone
• Oxytocin

42. Pathology
• Pituitary
– Gigantism –too much GH in childhood
– Acromegaly – too much GH in adulthood
– Pituitary dwarfs – too little GH in childhood
– Diabetes insipidus - too much ADH
• Pancreas
– Diabetes mellitus – one type of insulin (not enough)
• Thyroid
– Hyperthyroidism, commonest is Grave’s disease
(autoimmune)
– Hypothyroidism
• In childhood leads to cretinism
• Endemic goiter from insufficient iodine in diet
• Adult hypothyroidism (myxedema): autoimmune
42

43. Pathology, continued
• Adrenal gland
– Cushing’s syndrome (see next pic)
• Usually caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor
• Rarely by tumor of adrenal cortex
• Iatrogenic
– Addison’s disease
• Hyposecretion (under secretion) of adrenal cortex
• Usually involves cortisol and aldosterone: low blood
glucose and sodium, severe dehydration, fatigue, loss
of appetetie, abdominal pain
(Jane Austin)
43

44. Thyroid Problems
• What would happen
if the thyroid could
no longer produce
T3 and T4?
• No negative
feedback to
hypothalamus and
anterior pituitary

45. Goiter

46. Hypersecretion of TSH or TH

47. Hyposecretion of TH

48. ↑GH as Juvenile

49. ↑GH as an Adult

50. How Does Hypersecretion of GH
Happen?

51. ↓GH = pituitary dwarfism

53. Too many steroids

54. Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortex

55. What Would the Feedback Loop Look
Like for Cushing’s Syndrome?

56. STIMULUS
Hypothalamus
Releasing Hormone
(Release-Inhibiting Hormone)
Pituitary
Stimulating
Hormone
Gland Target
Hormone