A presentation for teachers

2. This presentation has also got few slides of other authors who shared through slide share… I thank all those kind minds and dedicate this presentation to those minds who had mind to share

3. GOOD Morning

6. and today’s topic is …..

12. Adolescence is a time of growth and maturation in the brain.

13. Adolescence is also a time when many new behaviors begin to emerge, most of which irritate and frustrate parents & teachers!

14. Changes in RISK-TAKING behaviour Changes in ATTENTION Changes in MOTIVATION You might be surprised to learn that many adolescent behaviours are a direct result of brain changes, and are completely normal ! Typical teenage behavioural changes include:

15. BUT… the prefrontal cortex undergoes massive structural changes during adolescence, and it is one of the last brain areas to mature completely! Many cognitive abilities (including the control of attention) rely on the proper functioning of a part of the brain called the prefrontal cortex . ATTENTION: Are you listening?

16. In one study, researchers used two tasks to measure attention in adolescents, and performance increased with age. girls boys This might mean that older adolescents have a better attentional capacity than younger adolescents, and that attentional capacity improves as the brain matures. Thank goodness! Anderson et al. (2001) ATTENTION: Improves with age

17. “ She won’t write her homework! She lives like a animal! I don’t know what to do!” “ I don’t care…” “ I don’t want to…” “ Why won’t he just do what I ask him to do?” “ Leave me alone…” “ He won’t study! Doesn’t he realize that he won’t pass if he doesn’t study?” MOTIVATION: “I don’t care…”

18. One study looked at the differences in motivation between adults and teenagers. The researchers compared the brain activation of adults and teenagers while they were performing the same task for a reward. Compared to adults , teenagers under-use the brain circuits that are involved in motivation! Bjork et al. (2004) MOTIVATION: Adults vs. Teens

19. This under-use of the motivational system might be the reason why teenagers need extreme rewards to achieve the same level of brain activity as adults. AND… the difference in brain activity between teenagers and adults can be even LARGER when the reward is not instant. MOTIVATION: “Get Movin’ Kid!”

20. Most teenagers are more likely to do their homework for a Rs. 50 reward TONIGHT than for a Rs. 500 reward next week! What does this mean for me??

21. MOTIVATION: It takes time The primary motivation circuit helps promote decision making and helps in the selection of motivational drives for behaviour. The motivational drives that are represented in the primary motivation circuit change during puberty (for example, surges in sex hormones tend to increase sexual motivation). Chambers et al. (2003)

22. MOTIVATION: It takes time During these developmental changes in motivation circuitry, novelty-seeking and risk-taking behaviours might be promoted. However, as adolescence progresses, teens become increasingly motivated by the things that motivate adults (boring, responsible things like long-term rewards!) Chambers et al. (2003)

25. Adolescence is generally a period of increased impulsivity and risk-taking behaviour, but some teens might be especially prone to engage in such behaviours. RISK-TAKING: What do we do? Galvan et al. (2007) So what do teens NEED?

26. Teenagers need the influence, patience, understanding and guidance of teachers & parents…

27. They need reminders of potential consequences and direction toward lesser risks…

28. And they need appropriate amounts of independence, freedom and responsibility.

30. Direct people Indirect people Task Relationship Director Dominant Driver Task-oriented Socializer Outgoing Extrovert Expressive Influencing Thinker Reserved Analytical Detail Correct Relater Amiable Easy-going Patient Steady

31. Intellectual Detailed, precise, lengthy. Gathers information. Defines, clarifies, tests. Neat, meticulous, organized. Comprehensive steady worker. Passive Conservative, low key. Dependable, loyal patient. Team worker, agreeable. Practical, blends in well. Reconciling, good listener. Controller Blunt, direct, impatient. Task accomplisher. Bottom line results. Control oriented, self & others. Self-motivated, hard worker. Expressive Friendly, gregarious, talkative. Stands out, colorful. Creative, imaginative. Generates excitement. Initiates activity, motivates.

46. Good teaching Teaching Styles New techniques

92. PMR Visualization

93. It’s the last time we are meeting for this year… and I just want to

94. imtiyaaz. dr Any time, if u wish to get in touch with me, with pleasure – [email_address] [email_address]