The document discusses different aspects of expressing past time in English including:
1) The simple past tense is used to express actions or situations that began and ended in the past. It is formed using regular verbs with the "-ed" ending or irregular verb forms.
2) The past progressive tense is used to describe actions that were ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the past and is formed using "was/were + -ing".
3) Time clauses beginning with words like "after", "before", "until", "as soon as", "while", "when" can be used to express the relationship between two past actions or situations.
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SIMPLE PAST TENSE
1. Preview 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular verbs 2-3 Forms of the simple past: be 2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings 2-5 Spelling of –ing and –ed forms 2-6 The principal parts of a verb 2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list 2-8 The simple past and the past progressive 2-9 Forms of the past progressive 2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-11 Expressing past habit: used to CONTENTS
2. CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
3. CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet . Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PRESENT TENSE
4. CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet . Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PAST TENSE PRESENT TENSE
5. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST We graduated from college in 2007.
6. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday . (b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday . THE SIMPLE PAST
7. activities or situations SIMPLE PAST began and ended in past (yesterday, last night, in 2007) 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday . (b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday . THE SIMPLE PAST
8. watch 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (c) They watched the movie last night. (d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday. THE SIMPLE PAST + ed = watched answer + ed = answered
9. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. THE SIMPLE PAST
10. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. (f) I understood most of the directions yesterday. THE SIMPLE PAST Irregular past: sleep slept understand understood eat ate
11. Simple past forms of be was and were 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (g) I was a lifeguard last summer. (h) They were in Belgium last month. THE SIMPLE PAST
12. We started school last week. 2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
13. 2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week .
14. 2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS STATEMENT NEGATIVE I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week . I-You-She-He-It-We-They did not start school last week.
15. 2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS QUESTION SHORT ANSWER I-you-she-he-it-we-they start school last week? Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they did . Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t . No,
16. 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE She was sick last Monday.
17. STATEMENT 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week.
18. STATEMENT NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not home last week. 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week. We-You-They were not home last week.
19. QUESTION I-she-he-it home last week? Was 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE we-you-they home last week? Were SHORT ANSWER I-she-he-it was . we-you-they were . Yes, Yes, I-she-he-it- wasn’t . we-you-they weren’t . No, No,
20. They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00. 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice They ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00. weren’t were is They were at the movies last night at 8:00. ? ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
21. 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice This airplane was made in 1625. This airplane ______ made in 1625. This airplane ___ made in 1943. wasn’t was ? 1943 is ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
22. ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice Did Carla get a bad grade on her test? Carla ________ a bad grade on her test. Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test. didn’t get got NEGATIVE STATEMENT: get ?
23. 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS talked talk/t/ She talked to me for an hour.
26. voiced sound + - ed /d/ (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ examples: ll /l/ /n/ n , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS
27. voiced sound + - ed /d/ (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ examples: /l/ /n/ /v/ v /b/ bb all vowel sounds y , , , , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS
28. “ t” or “d” + - ed / d/ (c) waited = wait / d/ needed = need / d/ t d e e e 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS
29. 2-4 Let’s Practice behaved behave__ 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e ?
30. 2-4 Let’s Practice behaved behave__ 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e /d/
31. 2-4 Let’s Practice planted plant___ ? 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e
32. plant___ 2-4 Let’s Practice / d/ e 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e planted
33. We are learning to speak English. 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
34. smi l ed smi l ing smil e ho p ed ho p ing 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS - ing form: drop -e , add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? -e NO - ed form: add -d hop e (a)
35. lea rn lear n ing hel p ing he lp hel p ed lear n ed 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Consonants NO add -ed (b) Two consonants
36. h eat hea t ing hea t ed rai n ed rai n ing r ain 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Vowels + One Consonant NO add -ed (c) Two vowels + one consonant
37. pla nn ing pla nn ed sto pp ing pl an sto pp ed st op 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant YES add -ed (d) ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS Double the consonant and
38. vis it offe r ing offe r ed visi t ing o ff er visi t ed 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant NO add -ed (e) TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS First syllable stressed
39. prefe rr ed pre fer admi tt ing admi tt ed prefe rr ing ad mit 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant YES add -ed (f) TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS Second syllable stressed, double the consonant
40. pl ay ed pl ay enj oy ing enj oy ed pl ay ing enj oy 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO keep the -y (g) vowel + -y -y
41. wor ri ed wor ry stu dy ing stu di ed wor ry ing stu dy 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO -y + -ing (h) consonant + -y -y -i + -ed -y
42. d i ed d ie t y ing t i ed d y ing t ie 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB -y + -ing (i) -ie -ie add -d
43. 2-5 Let’s Practice -ING form ________ rain -ED form ________ raining rained
44. 2-5 Let’s Practice -ING form _________ study -ED form _________ studying studied
45. 2-5 Let’s Practice -ING form _____ lie -ED form _____ lying lied Please don’t lie to me!
47. 2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE FORM Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finish hope try Simple Form No final –s , –ed , or –ing see sing go
48. 2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE PAST Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finished hoped tried Simple Past – ed for regular verbs saw sang went
49. 2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB PAST PARTICIPLE Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finished hoped tried Past Participle – ed for regular verbs seen sung gone perfect tenses & passive
50. 2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB PRESENT PARTICIPLE Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finishing hoping trying Present Participle – ing for all verbs seeing singing going used with progressive tenses
52. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: awake SIMPLE PAST: awoke PAST PARTICIPLE: awoken
53. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: forget SIMPLE PAST: forgot PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten
54. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: shave SIMPLE PAST: shaved PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven
55. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: throw SIMPLE PAST: threw PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown
56. 2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLE FORM: give SIMPLE PAST: _____ gave PAST PARTICIPLE: _____ given
57. 2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLE FORM: sit SIMPLE PAST: ___ sat PAST PARTICIPLE: ___ sat
58. 2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLE FORM: think SIMPLE PAST: _______ thought PAST PARTICIPLE: _______ thought
59. He ran to work yesterday. He was running when the bus drove by. 2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
60. 2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE SIMPLE PAST X (a) Edgar ran to work yesterday. (b) Pat drove to work this morning. began and ended at particular time in the past
61. 2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by . (d) They were eating when I got home . in progress was/were + -ing X X
62. 2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (e) When the bus drove by , Edgar was running. (f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running . when = at that time while = during that time X X
64. was not talking . wasn’t talking . NEGATIVE STATEMENT I-She-He-It 2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE was talking . You-We-They were talking . I-She-He-It You-We-They were not talking . weren’t talking .
65. QUESTION SHORT ANSWER I-she-he-it talking ? Was Yes, No, 2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE you-we-they talking ? Were I-she-he-it was . I-she-he-it wasn’t . Yes, No, you-we-they were . you-we-they weren’t .
66. 2-9 Let’s Practice Yesterday, the camels ___________ in the desert. walk were walking
67. 2-9 Let’s Practice At 8:00, we began to work. At 8:30, we ____________. work were working
68. 2-9 Let’s Practice Spot __________ at Mac. Mac _____________ at Spot. was looking look wasn’t looking Spot Mac
69. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES Our son called while we were using the computer.
70. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (a) After I exercised , I took a shower . (b) I took a shower after I exercised . (a) time clause main clause time clause main clause time clause main clause
71. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (a) After I exercised , I took a shower . (b) I took a shower after I exercised . (b) main clause time clause time clause main clause time clause main clause
72. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (c) I took a shower after I exercised . (d) Before I took a shower , I exercised. after before until as soon as while when subject and verb a time clause + =
73. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (e) I exercised I took a shower . (f) I exercised , I took a shower. until = to that time and no longer as soon as = immediately after until As soon as
74. main clause + comma + time clause When Mary came home , I was studying. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (g) Mary came home I was studying . (h) while time clause + comma + main clause
75. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES First: I rang the doorbell Then: it played music (i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music. when allows simple past in both clauses
76. two actions at the same time past progressive okay in both 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (j) She was learning to ski while he was playing golf.
77. 2-10 Let’s Practice While we ___________, our children ____________ school. attend work were working were attending
78. 2-10 Let’s Practice Lynn _________ while she __________ a book. fall asleep was reading read fell asleep
79. 2-10 Let’s Practice First: I went shopping. Then: I put the food away. After _____________, ________________. I went shopping I put the food away ________________ after ______________. I went shopping I put the food away
80. 2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family.
81. 2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (a) I used to swim every afternoon. Now I work in the afternoon. (b) Fatima used to play piano , but now she plays the violin. (c) Jasmine used to laugh , but she doesn’t anymore. used to past situations no longer exist used to + simple form of a verb
82. 2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (d) Did you used to swim every afternoon? ( OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?) did + subject + used to ( OR did + subject + use to )
83. 2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but now I swim every afternoon. (f) Fatima never used to love school, but now she loves it. For negative ideas, never is more common.
84. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? The children used to swam in the ocean.
85. The children used to swim in the ocean. The children used to swam in the ocean. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? No
86. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? Were you used to ask questions in school?
87. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? Were you used to ask questions in school? No Did you used to ask questions in school?