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Introduction ttoo PPrrooggrraammmmiinngg 
LLeeccttuurree NNoo.. 11
PPrrooggrraamm 
““AA pprreecciissee 
sseeqquueennccee ooff 
sstteeppss ttoo 
ssoollvvee aa 
ppaarrttiiccuullaarr 
pprroobblleemm””
Alan Perlis –– YYaallee UUnniivveerrssiittyy:: 
““IItt ggooeess aaggaaiinnsstt tthhee ggrraaiinn ooff mmooddeerrnn 
eedduuccaattiioonn ttoo tteeaacchh cchhiillddrreenn ttoo pprrooggrraamm.. 
WWhhaatt ffuunn iiss tthheerree iinn mmaakkiinngg ppllaannss,, 
aaccqquuiirriinngg ddiisscciipplliinnee iinn oorrggaanniizziinngg 
tthhoouugghhttss,, ddeevvoottiinngg aatttteennttiioonn ttoo ddeettaaiill 
aanndd lleeaarrnniinngg ttoo bbee sseellff--ccrriittiiccaall?? ““
CCrriittiiccaall SSkkiillllss 
– AAnnaallyyssiiss 
– CCrriittiiccaall 
TThhiinnkkiinngg 
– AAtttteennttiioonn 
ttoo DDeettaaiill
DDeessiiggnn RReecciippee 
TToo ddeessiiggnn aa pprrooggrraamm pprrooppeerrllyy,, wwee 
mmuusstt:: 
– AAnnaallyyzzee aa pprroobblleemm ssttaatteemmeenntt,, ttyyppiiccaallllyy 
eexxpprreesssseedd aass aa wwoorrdd pprroobblleemm 
– EExxpprreessss iittss eesssseennccee,, aabbssttrraaccttllyy aanndd wwiitthh 
eexxaammpplleess 
– FFoorrmmuullaattee ssttaatteemmeennttss aanndd ccoommmmeennttss iinn aa 
pprreecciissee llaanngguuaaggee 
– EEvvaalluuaattee aanndd rreevviissee tthhee aaccttiivviittiieess iinn lliigghhtt 
ooff 
cchheecckkss aanndd tteessttss
– PAY AATTTTEENNTTIIOONN TTOO DDEETTAAIILL 
– TThheessee sskkiillllss aarree uusseeffuull ffoorr 
aannyybbooddyy 
– AAllll aassssiiggnnmmeennttss iinn tthhiiss ccoouurrssee 
sshhoouulldd ffoollllooww tthhee tthheessee 
gguuiiddeelliinneess
CCoommppuutteerrss aarree 
SSTTUUPPIIDD
HHuummaannss aarree 
eevveenn mmoorree…………..
TThhiinnkk RReeuussee
AArreeaa ooff tthhee RRiinngg 
Inner Circle 
Outer Circle 
Area of Outer Circle ____ Area of Inner Circle = Area of the Ring
 TThhiinnkk RReeuussee 
 TThhiinnkk UUsseerr IInntteerrffaaccee 
 CCoommmmeennttss lliibbeerraallllyy
What is tthhee pprroobbaabbiilliittyy tthhaatt sshhee ggeettss 
eexxaaccttllyy tthhrreeee lleetttteerr rriigghhtt ii..ee.. tthhrreeee 
LLeetttteerrss iinnttoo tthheeiirr ccoorrrreecctt eennvveellooppeess..
LLooggiiccaall EErrrroorr 
LLeewwiiss CCaarrooll:: ““TThhrroouugghh tthhee LLooookkiinngg GGllaassss”” 
““TTwwaass bbrriilllliigg,, aanndd tthhee sslliitthhyy ttoovveess 
DDiidd ggyyrree aanndd ggiimmbbllee iinn tthhee wwaabbee ““
CCoouurrssee PPoolliiccyy 
PPoolliiccyy ffoorr tthhee ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn ooff mmaarrkkss aanndd 
eexxaammiinnaattiioonn iiss aass ffoolllloowwss 
 AAssssiiggnnmmeennttss 1155%% 
 GGrroouupp ddiissccuussssiioonn 55%% 
 MMiiddtteerrmm 3355 %% 
 FFiinnaall 4455 %%
BBooookkss 
 DDeeiitteell && DDeeiitteell ::–– CC++++ HHooww ttoo PPrrooggrraamm 
 KKeerrnniigghhaann aanndd RRiittcchhiiee::-- 
TThhee CC PPrrooggrraammmmiinngg LLaanngguuaaggee
CCoouurrssee OObbjjeeccttiivveess 
OObbjjeeccttiivveess ooff tthhiiss ccoouurrssee aarree tthhrreeee ffoolldd 
11.. TToo aapppprreecciiaattee tthhee nneeeedd ffoorr aa 
pprrooggrraammmmiinngg llaanngguuaaggee 
22.. TToo iinnttrroodduuccee tthhee ccoonncceepptt aanndd uussaabbiilliittyy 
ooff tthhee ssttrruuccttuurreedd pprrooggrraammmmiinngg 
mmeetthhooddoollooggyy 
33.. TToo ddeevveelloopp pprrooffiicciieennccyy iinn mmaakkiinngg uusseeffuull 
ssooffttwwaarree uussiinngg tthhee CC llaanngguuaaggee
CCoouurrssee CCoonntteennttss 
TToo aacchhiieevvee oouurr ffiirrsstt ttwwoo oobbjjeeccttiivveess wwee 
wwiillll bbee ddiissccuussssiinngg 
 BBaassiicc PPrrooggrraammmmiinngg ccoonnssttrruuccttss aanndd 
bbuuiillddiinngg bblloocckkss 
 SSttrruuccttuurreedd pprrooggrraammmmiinngg 
 SSttrruuccttuurreedd fflloowwcchhaarrttss,, ppsseeuuddoo--ccooddee
CCoouurrssee CCoonntteennttss 
HHiissttoorryy ooff CC LLaanngguuaaggee 
VVaarriiaabblleess aanndd eexxpprreessssiioonnss iinn CC 
CCoonnttrrooll ssttrruuccttuurreess aanndd 
ffuunnccttiioonnss 
AArrrraayyss aanndd PPooiinntteerrss 
DDyynnaammiicc mmeemmoorryy AAllllooccaattiioonn
CCoouurrssee CCoonntteennttss 
 FFiillee hhaannddlliinngg 
 SSttrruuccttuurreess aanndd UUnniioonnss 
 FFllaavvoorr ooff OObbjjeecctt oorriieenntteedd 
pprrooggrraammmmiinngg

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CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 01

  • 1. Introduction ttoo PPrrooggrraammmmiinngg LLeeccttuurree NNoo.. 11
  • 2. PPrrooggrraamm ““AA pprreecciissee sseeqquueennccee ooff sstteeppss ttoo ssoollvvee aa ppaarrttiiccuullaarr pprroobblleemm””
  • 3. Alan Perlis –– YYaallee UUnniivveerrssiittyy:: ““IItt ggooeess aaggaaiinnsstt tthhee ggrraaiinn ooff mmooddeerrnn eedduuccaattiioonn ttoo tteeaacchh cchhiillddrreenn ttoo pprrooggrraamm.. WWhhaatt ffuunn iiss tthheerree iinn mmaakkiinngg ppllaannss,, aaccqquuiirriinngg ddiisscciipplliinnee iinn oorrggaanniizziinngg tthhoouugghhttss,, ddeevvoottiinngg aatttteennttiioonn ttoo ddeettaaiill aanndd lleeaarrnniinngg ttoo bbee sseellff--ccrriittiiccaall?? ““
  • 4. CCrriittiiccaall SSkkiillllss – AAnnaallyyssiiss – CCrriittiiccaall TThhiinnkkiinngg – AAtttteennttiioonn ttoo DDeettaaiill
  • 5. DDeessiiggnn RReecciippee TToo ddeessiiggnn aa pprrooggrraamm pprrooppeerrllyy,, wwee mmuusstt:: – AAnnaallyyzzee aa pprroobblleemm ssttaatteemmeenntt,, ttyyppiiccaallllyy eexxpprreesssseedd aass aa wwoorrdd pprroobblleemm – EExxpprreessss iittss eesssseennccee,, aabbssttrraaccttllyy aanndd wwiitthh eexxaammpplleess – FFoorrmmuullaattee ssttaatteemmeennttss aanndd ccoommmmeennttss iinn aa pprreecciissee llaanngguuaaggee – EEvvaalluuaattee aanndd rreevviissee tthhee aaccttiivviittiieess iinn lliigghhtt ooff cchheecckkss aanndd tteessttss
  • 6. – PAY AATTTTEENNTTIIOONN TTOO DDEETTAAIILL – TThheessee sskkiillllss aarree uusseeffuull ffoorr aannyybbooddyy – AAllll aassssiiggnnmmeennttss iinn tthhiiss ccoouurrssee sshhoouulldd ffoollllooww tthhee tthheessee gguuiiddeelliinneess
  • 8. HHuummaannss aarree eevveenn mmoorree…………..
  • 10. AArreeaa ooff tthhee RRiinngg Inner Circle Outer Circle Area of Outer Circle ____ Area of Inner Circle = Area of the Ring
  • 11.  TThhiinnkk RReeuussee  TThhiinnkk UUsseerr IInntteerrffaaccee  CCoommmmeennttss lliibbeerraallllyy
  • 12. What is tthhee pprroobbaabbiilliittyy tthhaatt sshhee ggeettss eexxaaccttllyy tthhrreeee lleetttteerr rriigghhtt ii..ee.. tthhrreeee LLeetttteerrss iinnttoo tthheeiirr ccoorrrreecctt eennvveellooppeess..
  • 13. LLooggiiccaall EErrrroorr LLeewwiiss CCaarrooll:: ““TThhrroouugghh tthhee LLooookkiinngg GGllaassss”” ““TTwwaass bbrriilllliigg,, aanndd tthhee sslliitthhyy ttoovveess DDiidd ggyyrree aanndd ggiimmbbllee iinn tthhee wwaabbee ““
  • 14. CCoouurrssee PPoolliiccyy PPoolliiccyy ffoorr tthhee ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn ooff mmaarrkkss aanndd eexxaammiinnaattiioonn iiss aass ffoolllloowwss  AAssssiiggnnmmeennttss 1155%%  GGrroouupp ddiissccuussssiioonn 55%%  MMiiddtteerrmm 3355 %%  FFiinnaall 4455 %%
  • 15. BBooookkss  DDeeiitteell && DDeeiitteell ::–– CC++++ HHooww ttoo PPrrooggrraamm  KKeerrnniigghhaann aanndd RRiittcchhiiee::-- TThhee CC PPrrooggrraammmmiinngg LLaanngguuaaggee
  • 16. CCoouurrssee OObbjjeeccttiivveess OObbjjeeccttiivveess ooff tthhiiss ccoouurrssee aarree tthhrreeee ffoolldd 11.. TToo aapppprreecciiaattee tthhee nneeeedd ffoorr aa pprrooggrraammmmiinngg llaanngguuaaggee 22.. TToo iinnttrroodduuccee tthhee ccoonncceepptt aanndd uussaabbiilliittyy ooff tthhee ssttrruuccttuurreedd pprrooggrraammmmiinngg mmeetthhooddoollooggyy 33.. TToo ddeevveelloopp pprrooffiicciieennccyy iinn mmaakkiinngg uusseeffuull ssooffttwwaarree uussiinngg tthhee CC llaanngguuaaggee
  • 17. CCoouurrssee CCoonntteennttss TToo aacchhiieevvee oouurr ffiirrsstt ttwwoo oobbjjeeccttiivveess wwee wwiillll bbee ddiissccuussssiinngg  BBaassiicc PPrrooggrraammmmiinngg ccoonnssttrruuccttss aanndd bbuuiillddiinngg bblloocckkss  SSttrruuccttuurreedd pprrooggrraammmmiinngg  SSttrruuccttuurreedd fflloowwcchhaarrttss,, ppsseeuuddoo--ccooddee
  • 18. CCoouurrssee CCoonntteennttss HHiissttoorryy ooff CC LLaanngguuaaggee VVaarriiaabblleess aanndd eexxpprreessssiioonnss iinn CC CCoonnttrrooll ssttrruuccttuurreess aanndd ffuunnccttiioonnss AArrrraayyss aanndd PPooiinntteerrss DDyynnaammiicc mmeemmoorryy AAllllooccaattiioonn
  • 19. CCoouurrssee CCoonntteennttss  FFiillee hhaannddlliinngg  SSttrruuccttuurreess aanndd UUnniioonnss  FFllaavvoorr ooff OObbjjeecctt oorriieenntteedd pprrooggrraammmmiinngg