3. Concept of Stress
• Stress, Strain and Pressure
• Adaptive response to an external factor
Eustress
Distress
4. Features of Stress
• UBIQUITOUS
• STRESS IS UNAVOIDABLE
• STRESS IS TRANSFERABLE
• DYSFUNCTIONAL
• TEMPORARY OR LONG-TERM
• MILD OR SEVERS
5. Types of Stress
Type 1.General Stess
-Everyone has this
kind of stress
-It resolves itself
within a day or two
-No intervention is
necessarily required
6. Type 2: Cumulative Stress:
-Stress builds up in your body
-It becomes more difficult to
alleviate your symptoms
-You may have more serious
physical symptoms
-You may have more serious
mental anguish
7. Type 3: Acute
Traumatic Stress:
-Critical Incident
Stress
-Produces
considerable
psychological distress
-A normal reaction to
abnormal events
8. Type 4: Post Traumatic
Stress:
Severe stress
produced by severe
psychological trauma
Created by unresolved
Critical Incident Stress
Produces lasting
changes
9. Causes of Stress
Individual Stressors
• Life and Career changes
• Personality
• Role Perceptions
10. Causes of Stress
Group Stressors
• Lack of group cohesiveness
• Lack of Social Support
• Conflict
11. Causes of Stress
Environmental Stressors
• Natural calamities
• Family Problem
• Work Load
• High expectation
• Job insecurity
• Competition
12. Causes of Stress
Organizational Stressors
• Policies
• Structure
• Organizational Processes
• Role Conflicts
• Physical Conditions
13. Am I Stressed?
Stress Symptoms
• Are you irritable?
• Are you easily upset over small events?
• Are you feeling isolated or withdrawn from
your peers and loved ones?
• Are you unhappy with yourself? (i.e., do
you have feelings of worthlessness?)
14. Short Term Physical Stress
Symptoms
▫ Dry mouth
▫ Cool skin
▫ Cold hands and feet
▫ Increased sweating
▫ Rapid breathing
▫ Faster heart rate
▫ Tense muscles
▫ Feelings of nausea
▫ Butterflies in your stomach
15. Long Term Physical Stress
Symptoms
▫ Insomnia
▫ Change in Appetite
▫ Aches and pains
▫ Frequent colds
▫ Feelings of intense and
long-term tiredness
▫ Prone to illness
16. BEHAVIORAL STRESS SYMPTOMS
• Yawning Over reacting
• Talking too fast Emotional
• Talking too loud Defensive
• Fiddling Irritable
Irrational
• Twitching
Defensive
• Nail biting
Hostile
• Grinding teeth Critical
• Drumming fingers Aggressive
• Pacing
17. BEHAVIORAL STRESS SYMPTOMS
• These symptoms will have a negative affect
on your performance
▫ By reducing your effectiveness
▫ Making you accident prone
▫ Causing you to be forgetful
▫ Causing you to be very negative
▫ You may neglect your appearance
▫ You may make poor judgments
▫ Causing you to make more mistakes
▫ Increasing your absenteeism
18. PERFORMANCE STRESS
SYMPTOMS
• You may not make good decisions
• Your fine motor skills are affected
• You may no longer enjoy your work
• Your attention span may be affected
• You may have more negative thoughts
• Your self confidence will suffer
• You may have difficulty concentrating
• All of your positive energy is consumed
There are three terms used synonymously to denote this phenomenon: Stress, Strain and Pressure.Selye , who has done considerable research on stress, has viewed it as “non-specifically induced changes within a biological system.”It is non-specific because any adaptation to a problem faced by the body, irrespective of the nature of the problem, is included in stress.Stress is taken as an adaptive response to an external factor that results in physical, psychological ,and /or behavioral deviations in an individual.Stress from bad sourcesDifficult work environmentOverwhelming sights and soundsThreat of personal injury
Stress may result in any kind of deviation- physical, psychological, or behavioral- in the person. From this point of view, stress is different from anxiety which operates solely in emotional spheres.Stress may be a result of individual’s interaction with environmental stimuli. These stimuli may be in any form, interpersonal interaction event,etc.It is not necessary that stress is always dysfunctional. There may be some stresses called eustress,stress for creative work.Stress can either be temporary or long-term, mild or severs, depending mostly on how long it causes to continue, how powerful they are and how strong the individual’s powers are. CHARACTERISTICS OF STRESS1. STRESS IS UBIQUITOUS This means that stress is experienced everywhere, every time and anyhow. There is no place/town/ country that is devoid of stress. It is something that is experienced by different people at different times and in various places. For example, a parent is faced with the stress of educating his/her siblings; a student is faced with the stress of reading his/her books, while a driver is faced with stress of keeping his car in good working condition.In other words, each country in the world has particular stressors that continuously discomfort her.2. STRESS IS UNAVOIDABLEStress remains unavoidable. Can you imagine life without stress? If there are no stressors (both positive and negative), then life would be tasteless the total absence of stress is death. How would this life be if there is no one to motivate us, no one to share our love with, nothing to challenge us? We are mere mortals and cannot really exist without stress because the mere breathing in and out of air is a stress very necessary for our existence.3. STRESS IS TRANSFERABLE Stress is transferable in the sense that it diffuses from our being to other people around us. For example, a man that has been recently expelled from his work can transfer this anger or stress to his wife, who in turn transfers it to her daughter.
Life and Career changes- The impact of stress would depend upon the change & the new equilibrium.Life’s changes may be slow(getting older) or sudden(death of a near one).Like life changes, there may be changes in career of promotion, demotion, etc.Personality Type- Personality characteristics such as rigidity, extroversion, spontaneity, tolerance for ambiguity etc are particularly relevant to individual stress.Role Characteristics- Role conflict arises because of incompatibility of two or more roles. In many situations the various roles may have conflicting demands and people experience stress as they are not able to fulfill the conflicting role requirements.
Lack of group cohesiveness- When people are denied the opportunity for cohesiveness, it becomes very stressing for them as they get negative reaction from group members. Lack of Social Support- When individuals get social support from the members of a group they are able to satisfy their social needs. But, when this social support does not come, it becomes stressing for them.Conflict-Any conflict arising out of group interaction may become stressing for the individuals, be it interpersonal conflict among the group members or intergroup conflict.
Organizational policies- Unfavorable and ambiguous policies may affect the functioning of the individuals adversely and the may experience stress.Organization Structure-Any defect in organization structure like lack of opportunity of participation in decision making, lack of opportunity in advancement etc work as stressors as relationships among individual and groups do not work effectively.Organizational Processes- Faulty Organizational Processes like poor communication, ambiguous and conflicting roles cause stress for people in the organization.Physical Conditions- Poor physical conditions like crowding and lack of privacy, excessive noise, safety hazards , air pollution sometimes produce stress on people.
Relaxation is key –• Downtime is important: consider taking a walk, playing a video game, or taking a bath (remember to be realisticabout how much time you can afford to spend on these activities) Stay physically healthy!• Good nutrition will improve your ability to deal with stress• Aerobic exercise reduces anxiety by 50%• Sleep is necessary for productivity: 8-9 hours is recommended, but a regular sleep schedule is necessary Mental health• Identify your goals• Prioritize• Time management and scheduling will help you complete your tasks• Work at one task at a time• Do not ignore stress – deal with it!
Relaxation is key –• Downtime is important: consider taking a walk, playing a video game, or taking a bath (remember to be realisticabout how much time you can afford to spend on these activities) Stay physically healthy!• Good nutrition will improve your ability to deal with stress• Aerobic exercise reduces anxiety by 50%• Sleep is necessary for productivity: 8-9 hours is recommended, but a regular sleep schedule is necessary Mental health• Identify your goals• Prioritize• Time management and scheduling will help you complete your tasks• Work at one task at a time• Do not ignore stress – deal with it!
HOW TO COPE WITH STRESSReading: The more you read good books, motivational books, inspirational books, the more your life brightens up; you will come to understand that ninety per cent of the things we fear most never really happened. Get used to reading human interest magazines and newspapers. Francis B. says, "Reading maketh a man; wiriting, an exact man; conference, a ready man". You can forget about your past experiences by reading interesting novels and most importantly, your Bible.Slow down: Some people are too fast about life to the extent that they do not even have time for the important leisure of life. Such people rush in everything they do. They regard even their time for sleeping, eating and even recreation as a waste. They tend to forget the axiom - Health is wealth. Such people are advised to take life easy because the world is not running. When death strikes you, the world gets going. That is why Bremer S. N., in his book 'Health, Wealth ad Happiness', warns us that the greater our speed, the greater will be the emotional strains upon each of us.Delegation: Try to delegate some of your duties to people. Do not put an excessive workload on yourself. Remember that there is no business that does not involve people.Your business is: OURS + YOURS = YOURS. Take time to identify all your assignments in a day. Identify the one you can duly assign to other people to help you do them. Then, you will begin to appreciate the essence of people around you because there is no 'me' without 'you'. Confrontation: This is an effective way of dealing with stressors in our life. It is a daring behavior; instead of sitting down and folding your arms, why can't we stand up and find a creative solution to our problems. We are all human beings and as such nobody is a god. Why can’t you tell your boyfriend to stop his sexual advances on you? Take courage in your hands and approach that problem that has been stressing you all the days of your life and you will discover that it is just a mere paper-tiger.Create time for relaxation and recreation: Create time to ease off pressure: Create time to relax. The human body is a system that at one time or the other needs to relax, otherwise, it shuts down and then you spend a lot trying to get in order. Constant exercise keeps you refreshed after the day's task. Exercise frees the mind from the burden that weighs it down. Find out what you like doing and then, use that thing for relaxing your nerves and forgetting about your worries.Open up: Learn to open up to people around you about your problems. Remember that a problem shared is half-solved. Find one person you can confide in and freely discuss your problems with.Create good human relationship: The fastest way to remain sad all the days of your life is to be in enmity with your fellow human beings. This creates enmity, anger, malice and a host of other vices. When you are angry, the immune system shuts down and your chance of contracting diseases becomes high. This makes you tensed up and distressed.Develop the habit of being happy: Stress, as we have seen strips people of their happiness and peace of mind. The outcome of a problem depends on the way you see it, that is, your response to the problem. If you remain positive, then, you get a positive solution to the problem, but if you respond negatively, then you become distressed. One of the ways of solving some problems is to leave them for some time.------Onoyima.
Karma is desire satisfaction at sensory levelArtha which is intrument for satisfaction of karmaDharma(duty, righteousness, justic, ethics, morality n so on) is ethical sense which helps in deciplin and regulate in persuit of karma n artha so that all the persons in society get the opportunity to satisfy their urge for them. It is also essential by product of men’s inner growth and spiritual growthThe purpose of purusharthas is to ensure that people would not neglect their obligatory duties in their deluded state by becoming obsessed with particular dezire that may lead to social and moral destruction of family or organisation values.
