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1. Kidney
Location:
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2. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
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3. “What is man but an ingenious
machine designed to turn with
‘infinite artfulness’, the red
wine of shiraz into urine” …!
Isak Denison
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4. Kidney damage is the major
cause of Morbidity and
Mortality in patients with
Diabetes, Hypertension,
Atherosclerosis etc.
(no 1 cause of death in the present time)
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5. Introduction:
 150gm
each
 1700 liters of blood filtered  180 L of
Gfiltrate  1.5 l of urine / day.
 150gm, retro-peritoneal organ
 Renal Artery & Vein
 One half of kidney is sufficient – reserve
 Filtration, Excretion, Secretion, Hormone
synthesis.
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6. Kidney Anatomy:
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7. Nephron
Structure:
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8. Kidney Histology:
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9. Kidney Histology:
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10. Diseases of Kidney:
Glomerulonephritis Glomerular
diseases Destruction of glomeruli by immune
or infections.
Acute tubular necrosis Tubular
diseases Necrosis of tubules by toxins or
infections.
Pyelonephritis Interstitial disease Infections
Nephrosclerosis Vascular diseases ––
thickening of blood vessels Hypertension
leading to microwww.indiandentalacademy.com
infarctions.

11. Clinical Syndromes:
Nephritic syndrome.
– Oliguria, Haematuria, Proteinuria, Oedema.
Nephrotic syndrome.
– Gross proteinuria, hyperlipidemia,
Acute renal failure
– Oliguria, loss of Kidney function - within
weeks
Chronic renal failure.
– Over months and years - Uremia
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12. Immune Glomerulonephritis:
C.Immune Complex
ANTI-GBM
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HEYMANN

13. Glomerulonephritis:



1.
2.
3.
4.
Immune mechanisms – Most common
Toxins - poisoning
Metabolic – acidosis, hemolysis, etc.
Activation of complement system
destruction of glomerular structure
Inflammation
Affect renal function – excess filtration or
decreased filtration. (with RBC & WBC)
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14. •Normal
•Proliferative
•Post strepto
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15. Mesangiocapillary GN: (MPGN)
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16. Chronic Glomerulonephritis:
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17. Urolithiasis:
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18. Urolithiasis:
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19. Urolithiasis Hydronephrosis:
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20. Urine Microscopy :
 Cells Casts Crystals.
Crystals
 Casts
are formed within nephron.
 Casts Suggest Kidney pathology.
 Casts can be made up of Protein, lipid,
cells or mixed.
 Crystals suggest high concentration or
altered solubility.
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21. Formation of Casts:
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22. Granular Cast:
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23. RBC Casts:
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24. Epithelial Casts in Urine:
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25. Granular Casts in Urine:
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26. WBC Cast Urine:
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27. RBC in Urine :
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28. WBC in Urine :
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29. Urine Oxalate Crystals:
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30. Mixed Cast Urine:
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31. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Leader in continuing dental education
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