Curve of spee /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Curve of spee
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

HISTORY
• F Graf Von Spee,
who used skulls with
abraded teeth to
define aline of
occlusion first
described the Curve
of Spee in 1890.


DEFINITION
• Spee: from a profile
view, the molar
surface lie on the arch
of circle which,
continued posteriorly
touches the anterior
border of condyle.


• Central axis:
Central axis of the
cylinder is located
some where on the
horizontal midorbital
plane posterior to the
“Cristalacrimalis
Posterior”


CURVE OF SPEE REVISITED
• Some of spee hypotheses were tested by
Hitchock (1983), he established the circle
through contract point on the anterior
border of the Condyle and occlusal
surface of second and first molar.


• In most of the
sample the
incisor tip
could not be
included along
the arch from
such a curve.

•

Curve of Spee:
A. Original Curve of Spee (Von Spee)
B. Craniel Curve of Spee
C. Flat Curve of Spee


• In Orthodontics:
A flat occlusal plane is more appropriate
term to describe the goal of orthodontic
treatment.


CLINICAL DEFINITION OF
FLAT CURVE OF SPEE
• Hitchcock (1983):
The curve of spee is determined by the
distal marginal ridges of the most posterior
teeth in the arch and incisal edges of the
Central Incisors


• Glossary (1994):
Anatomic curve established by the
occlusal alignment of the teeth beginning
with the Cusp tip of the mandibular
Canine and following the buccal cusp tips
of the premolar and molar teeth.
Similar definitions are given by Ash (1971)


• There is not agreement on the precise
definition and morphology of the curve
of spee and also on radius of curve of
spee.
•
•
•
•

Dawson (1989)  4 inches (101.6 mm)
Orthlieb (1997)  80 mm
Hitchock (1983)  69.1 mm
Spee
 65mm – 70mm

CONSENSUS ON MEASUREMENT
OF DEPTH OF
CURVE OF SPEE


REASEARCH MAN

JOURNAL

THE WAY OF
MEASUREMENT

Brauns & Hnat

AJO 1996

Maximum depth of
both side

Brauns & Schmit

AJO 1956

The sum of maximum
depth of both side

Junger De Practer

AJO 2002

Average of sum of
maximum depth of
both side

Bulent Baydas

Angle orthodontist
2004

Perpendicular
distance of deepest
cusp tip and flat plan


REASEARCH MAN

JOURNAL

THE WAY OF
MEASUREMENT

Bishara

AJO 1989

Average of sum of
perpendicular
distance to each cusp

Sondhi

AJO 1980

Average of sum of
perpendicular
distance to each cusp

Abdul Azizkh

AJO 1999

Perpendicular
distance of deepest


REASEARCH MAN

JOURNAL

THE WAY OF
MEASUREMENT

Masaomi

AJO 2003

Perpendicular
distance of deepest

Iwasawa

J JPN Orthod Soc

Perpendicular
distance of deepest

Ferdinand Lie

Eu J Ortho 2006

Perpendicular
distance of deepest


REASEARCH
MAN
Farellam

JOURNAL
Eu J Ortho
2002


LENGTH OF CURVE OF SPEE
RESEARCH MAN

JOURNAL

LENGTH

Ferdinand Lie
Masaomi
Stanely Braun
Abdul Aziz kh
Bulent Bayndas

EUR J Ortho 2006
EUR J Ortho 2003
AJO 1996
AJO 1999
Angle 2004

2 to
1 to
1 to
1 to
1 to

Jurgen De Draeter
Sondhi

AJO 2002
AJO 1980

2 to 6
2 to 6

Farella M
Hui Xu

EUJ J oral 2002
J Prosthet 2004

3 to 7
3 to 7


7
7
7
7
7

• Brief resume of the intended work:
The assessment of the depth of curve of spee is
a critical point for the orthodontic diagnostic &
treatment protocol and leveling the curve of
spee is a routine procedure in orthodontic
practice but the influence of craniofacial
morphology on the curve of spee has been
investigated in very few studied and with
conflicting findings.


NEED FOR THE STUDY:

•

The need for the study therefore, is to
determine the relationship between the
curve of spee and several features of
craniofacial morphology.


REVIEW OF LITERATURE
•

A study1 was done to demonstrate more
characteristics of normal occlusion continued &
identified six characteristics that were present
in 120 non-orthodontic models that displayed
normal occlusion. The sixth characteristics to
normal occlusion relates to curve of spee.
research stated that there is a natural
tendency for the curve of spee to deepen with
time.

•

Andrews LF: the six Keys to normal occlusion.
Am J orthod. 1972;62:296-309

•

The study was2 done to evaluate the dept of the curve
of spee in relation to FMA, FH, ANB and dental class
the test has showed that there are not significant
variations of spee’s curve dept in relation with skeletal
parameters (FMA and FH) and it has showed
significant variations as regards horizontal (ANB)and
occlusal (dental class) parameters. The average value
of spees curve of skeletal and dental III classes has
turned out to be systemically lower than that of other
classes.

•

GhezziF, DragoE, DethomatisP,ZqallioF: Depth of
the curve of spee inrelatin to FMA, FH,ANB and
dental class. Mondo orthod.1991 Jan-Feb:16(1):736


•

A study 3 was done to evaluate the intrinsic
morphology of the mandiblular curve of spee.
Gender differences were found in both sides.
While side differences were found only in the
male sample. The right and left male sides
showed different Concavities. The right hand
side being flatter than the left. Male curves
appeared larger than female ones. The left
hand side was significantly larger than the right
regardless of gender.

•

Ferrario VF, Sf or ZaC, Miani AJr, Colombo
A, Tartaglia: Mathematical definition of the
curve of spee inwww.indiandentalacademy.com
permanent healthy dentitions
in man. Arch oral Biol.1992 sep-37 (9):691-4

• A study 4 was done to investigate whether the
orthodontic leveling of the curve of spee is a treatment
procedure with a stable result on a longterm basis. The
following results were noted. Leveling the curve of spee
during orthodontic treatment seems to be very stable on
along term basis it was correlated with the other
variables tested.
• De praeterJ, Dermaut L, Martens G, Kuijpers –
Jagtman AM: Long- term stability of the Leveling
of the curve of spee Am J orthod Detofacial
Orthop. 2002 Mar; 121(3):266-271


• The study 5 was conducted to investigate the
relationship between the curve of spee and skeletal
facial morphology the result showed the curvature was
significantly related to (a) horizontal positon of the
condyle with respect to the dentition (b) the sagittal
position of the mandible with respect to the anterior
cranial base no significant relationship was found
between the curve of spee and any of other
cephalometric variables.
• Farella M, MichelottiA, Van Eijden TMGJ.
Martina R: The Curve of spee and Craniofacial
morphology: a multiple regression analysis Eur J
oral Sci 2002; 110: 277-281.


•

The study 6 was done to investigate the relationship
between the depth of the curve of spee and positons of
upper an lower incisor, overjet, overbite and anterior
lower crowding the subjects were divided into three
groups with normal spee, flat spee and deep spee and
were compared with one another correlation coefficient
between the depth of curve of spee and other variables
were calculated the result showed that there were no
statistically significant.

•

Baytas B, YavuzI, Atasaral N, Ceylan I DagsuyuIM:
Investigation of the changes in the positions of upper
and lower incisors, overbite and irregularity index in
subjects with different depths of curve of spee.
Angle orthod. 2004 Jun; 74 (3):349-55


MATERIALS & METHOD
Patients reporting to out- patient section of
Dept.of Orthodontics, Yenpoya Hospital having
satisfactory periodontal health will be selected
for the study all the subject should be healthy
with complete dentition with no history of
orthodontic treatment with no severe
craniofacial disorders. Such as cleft palate with
no absent maxillary and mandibular permanent
teeth except for the third molars.


METHOD OF COLLECTION OF
DATA
•

After the patient selection the routine
records are aquired which includes:
–
–
–
–

Case history
Study models
Photographs
Lateral cephalometric radiographs


PHOTOGRAPHS
• Standardized photographs will make of the
mandibular study models out of the
occlusion from the left and right sides with
the buccal tooth surfaces aligned in the
same plane. The photographs will take in
a plane perpendicular to the occlusal
plane tangent to the buccal surface of the
first molar and canine and centered on the
first premolar. A ruler will included in all
photographs to determine magnification.

• The depth of curve of spee will measure
as the perpendicular distance between the
deepest Cusp tip and flat paln that will
Lalid on top of the mandibular dental cast.
Touching the incisal edges of the central
incisors and the distal cusp tips of the
most posterior in the lower arch.


•

The three spee group will classified as
follows.
–
–
–

Normal spee group the depth of curve spee
will >2mm but ≤ 4mm
Flat spee group the depth of curve of spee
will ≤ 2mm
Deep spee group the depth of curve of spee
will > 4mm


•
•

The cephalometric radiographs will
exposed using standard method.
Statistical analysis will be used in the
study are ANOVA and student ‘t’ test.


Thank you
Leader in continuing dental education


Curve of spee /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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Curve of spee /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy