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Lesson 15(1日目)
「接続詞」を使った表現
milestone management, inc. 1
【接続詞】
接続詞とは何?
2つの文書を、ひとつにつなぐ単語 = 接続詞
例えば、and(~と~。そして)
Becky raised her hand and she asked a question.
Becky raised her hand. という文章と、
She asked a question. という文章を、
and(そして)という接続詞で、ひとつの文章にしている。
文章をひとつにつなぐ理由は、短い文章がバラバラとたくさんあると、
文章として読みにくい。また、文章の品格が上がらない。
milestone management, inc. 2
この講義で学習する接続詞(よく使われる)
① and ~と~。そして
② but しかし
③ or ~か、または
④ so なので
⑤ because なぜならば
⑥ when ~した時
⑦ if もし~ならば
 使い方のルールはシンプルですので、意味にあわせて使えばOK。
milestone management, inc. 3
接続詞を使った例文: and(そして)
接続詞は、基本的に接続詞の意味に合うように使えばOK。
① I stayed at home yesterday and I watched TV.
② I went to the library with Kevin, and we did our homework
together.
and を使う時のルール
 接続詞の前後で文章の主語が同じ場合には、後半の主語は省略可能
① I stayed at home yesterday and (I) watched TV.
 接続詞の前後で文章の主語が異なる場合には、接続詞の前に
カンマ(,)を入れる。
② I went to the library with Kevin, and we did our homework
together.
milestone management, inc. 4
接続詞を使った例文: but(しかし)
① I bought a newspaper, but I didn’t read it.
② Tsutomu spent two years in the U.S., but he can’t speak
English.
③ I studied very hard, but I didn’t get a good grade on math.
but を使う時のルール
 but の前にはカンマ(,)が必要。
 but の前後の文の主語が同じでも、主語は省略しない。(and と
の違い)
milestone management, inc. 5
接続詞を使った例文: or(~か、または)
① Becky is not at school today. She must be sick, or she must
have something important.
② It is Sunday today. Should we go to the movies, or should
we go shopping?
milestone management, inc. 6
接続詞を使った例文: so と because
so(なので)
① It was very hot, so I opened the window.
② I worked for 15 hours today, so I am very tired.
because(なぜならば)
③ I opened the window because it was very hot.
④ I am very tired because I worked for 15 hours today.
milestone management, inc. 7
because の使い方のルール
 because が先導する文(サブ)が、前半に来ても、後半でもOK
① I opened the window because it was very hot.
② Because it was very hot, I opened the window.
 because が先導する文が前に来るケースでは、カンマ(,)が必要
milestone management, inc. 8
I opened the window because it was very hot.
主節(メイン) 従属節(サブ)
 この2つのルールは、because, when, if, で共通となる。
接続詞を使った例文: when(~の時)
① I met Nancy when I went to the movies.
② When I went out, it was raining.
milestone management, inc. 9
接続詞を使った例文: if(もし~ならば)
① If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we are going on a picnic.
② It will be cheaper, if we take the bus.
We will get there more quickly, if we take a taxi.
milestone management, inc. 10
when と if を使った「未来の表現」で注意すること
when と if を使う文章で「未来」を表現する場合には、
when と if の入った側(サブ)のフレーズでは「時制は現在」にする。
I will call you when I get home.
ポイント
「電話するよ」= I will call you.
「家に着いたら」= when I get home.
どちらも「今から先のこと(=未来)」。
しかし、「未来形」の will を使っているのは、I will call you だけ。
when (および if)のついている側(サブ)は、未来のことでも
「現在形」で表す。「未来形」を使うのは、メインの方だけ。
milestone management, inc. 11
例文
① If I see Nancy tomorrow, I will ask her to come to the party.
② If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go out.
③ When I meet Becky tonight, we will have dinner together.
④ When we finish final exams, we will have a big party.
milestone management, inc. 12

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Lesson 15 1

  • 2. 接続詞とは何? 2つの文書を、ひとつにつなぐ単語 = 接続詞 例えば、and(~と~。そして) Becky raised her hand and she asked a question. Becky raised her hand. という文章と、 She asked a question. という文章を、 and(そして)という接続詞で、ひとつの文章にしている。 文章をひとつにつなぐ理由は、短い文章がバラバラとたくさんあると、 文章として読みにくい。また、文章の品格が上がらない。 milestone management, inc. 2
  • 3. この講義で学習する接続詞(よく使われる) ① and ~と~。そして ② but しかし ③ or ~か、または ④ so なので ⑤ because なぜならば ⑥ when ~した時 ⑦ if もし~ならば  使い方のルールはシンプルですので、意味にあわせて使えばOK。 milestone management, inc. 3
  • 4. 接続詞を使った例文: and(そして) 接続詞は、基本的に接続詞の意味に合うように使えばOK。 ① I stayed at home yesterday and I watched TV. ② I went to the library with Kevin, and we did our homework together. and を使う時のルール  接続詞の前後で文章の主語が同じ場合には、後半の主語は省略可能 ① I stayed at home yesterday and (I) watched TV.  接続詞の前後で文章の主語が異なる場合には、接続詞の前に カンマ(,)を入れる。 ② I went to the library with Kevin, and we did our homework together. milestone management, inc. 4
  • 5. 接続詞を使った例文: but(しかし) ① I bought a newspaper, but I didn’t read it. ② Tsutomu spent two years in the U.S., but he can’t speak English. ③ I studied very hard, but I didn’t get a good grade on math. but を使う時のルール  but の前にはカンマ(,)が必要。  but の前後の文の主語が同じでも、主語は省略しない。(and と の違い) milestone management, inc. 5
  • 6. 接続詞を使った例文: or(~か、または) ① Becky is not at school today. She must be sick, or she must have something important. ② It is Sunday today. Should we go to the movies, or should we go shopping? milestone management, inc. 6
  • 7. 接続詞を使った例文: so と because so(なので) ① It was very hot, so I opened the window. ② I worked for 15 hours today, so I am very tired. because(なぜならば) ③ I opened the window because it was very hot. ④ I am very tired because I worked for 15 hours today. milestone management, inc. 7
  • 8. because の使い方のルール  because が先導する文(サブ)が、前半に来ても、後半でもOK ① I opened the window because it was very hot. ② Because it was very hot, I opened the window.  because が先導する文が前に来るケースでは、カンマ(,)が必要 milestone management, inc. 8 I opened the window because it was very hot. 主節(メイン) 従属節(サブ)  この2つのルールは、because, when, if, で共通となる。
  • 9. 接続詞を使った例文: when(~の時) ① I met Nancy when I went to the movies. ② When I went out, it was raining. milestone management, inc. 9
  • 10. 接続詞を使った例文: if(もし~ならば) ① If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we are going on a picnic. ② It will be cheaper, if we take the bus. We will get there more quickly, if we take a taxi. milestone management, inc. 10
  • 11. when と if を使った「未来の表現」で注意すること when と if を使う文章で「未来」を表現する場合には、 when と if の入った側(サブ)のフレーズでは「時制は現在」にする。 I will call you when I get home. ポイント 「電話するよ」= I will call you. 「家に着いたら」= when I get home. どちらも「今から先のこと(=未来)」。 しかし、「未来形」の will を使っているのは、I will call you だけ。 when (および if)のついている側(サブ)は、未来のことでも 「現在形」で表す。「未来形」を使うのは、メインの方だけ。 milestone management, inc. 11
  • 12. 例文 ① If I see Nancy tomorrow, I will ask her to come to the party. ② If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go out. ③ When I meet Becky tonight, we will have dinner together. ④ When we finish final exams, we will have a big party. milestone management, inc. 12