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* Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

INSA Paris Ile de France – Pôles BTP & Automobile
Creating value with TRiZ* methods and tools
October 16th, 2007


             Innovation Management
             Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
             Pascal Sire
             Innovation Catalyst
             Mobile: +33 (0) 662 48 52 43
             E-mail: pascal.sire@insalien.org
Session Objectives
                     * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
By the end of this TRiZ* session,
you will be able to:
    Know the main concepts of innovative design
    embedded in TRiZ* methods and tools
    Learn basic TRiZ* knowledge: main axioms,
    laws of evolution, contradiction model,
    convergence process, inventive principles, etc.
    Build innovative offers "yourself, without
    additional cost", through real-life business and
    internal cases, to make your customer or
    partner an innovator!
    Think differently and more efficiently about
    problem solving.
    Help your customer focusing quicker and
    easier on innovation that matters!

                                          2007 © Pascal Sire   2
Initial contradiction
(as a didactic TRiZ* example)




                                                                                            © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
                                              * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving




     Short                     « time »                    Long
• Why « short »?                      • Why « long »?
   •It's the law (of TLE's agenda!)      •Whish of speaker (& delegates ;-)
   •60 minutes maxi (10+5 Q&A)           •A few hours to learn & practice
   •Allow high-level synthesis           •Allow more details & examples
   •etc.                                 •etc.



                  What should be done?
                                                                                        3


                                                                   2007 © Pascal Sire
Initial contradiction
Applying a few «classical TRiZ*»




                                                                                               © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
inventive principles
• Make in advance                        • Separation in time
  • How many people did read               • If not possible to cover all
    the presentation from the                planned slides, just let people
    teamroom?                                themselves read later the
    • If all people already know             « back-up » part!
      about the theory part, just jump       • With links to bibliography &
      straight to examples &                   web sites the knowledge is
      practice!                                delivered!
  • At least « double » the                • At least « triple » the effective
    effective time of the session!           time of the session!
                                           * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
Separation in space
  If there is not enough space in the room for all attendees wanting to attend?
      Offer some of them to connect through a web-meeting and call number!
  At least « quadruple » the effective time of the session!
                                                                                           4


                                                                      2007 © Pascal Sire
Agenda
                               * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving



Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
    Changing world - TRiZ* introduction
    How do we look for the solution to a problem
    S-curves of systems evolution
    TRiZ constitution & laws
    System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory
    Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
    Structured Q&A feedback




                                                    2007 © Pascal Sire   5
TRiZ Introduction
 For a changing world?

 • Each invention is a road through
   the 'impossible'
 • Generally, 'impossible' is only
   'impossible by existing means'
 • The inventor must find a new
   concept, and then the impossible
   becomes possible...
      G. Altshuller (1926-1998)




                                      M.C. Escher (1898-1972 )

…Innovation is the process;
                   success is the result!                          6


                                              2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ Introduction
  Management of Innovation




                                                                                       © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
  (vocabulary)
                                        • Process of innovation

         Creation                           Models & descriptions
                                        • Conditions of success
                     Function
   Invention                                Uncertainty & risks
                                        • Strategy of innovation
            Innovation                  • Behaviour of the consumer
Design          ● Technological
                ● Commercial            • Organisation of innovation
                ● Organizational

                ● Socio-institutional   • Improvement of innovation
 Process                                • Durability and efficiency
                      Activity          • Project of innovation, etc.
         Discovery
                                                                                   7


                                                              2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ Introduction
 Management of Innovation




                                                                           © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
 (time scale)
 • Childhood period: R&D project
 • Maturity period: Mktg product       Innov.                     Pd
 • Innovation period, success?


          Innovation
              ● Technological
              ● Commercial
                                      Pj             Life cycle
              ● Organizational

              ● Socio-institutional




…Innovation is the process;
                   success is the result!
                                                                       8


                                                2007 © Pascal Sire
Agenda
                             * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving



Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
    Changing world – TRiZ* introduction
    How do we look for the solution to a problem
    S-curves of systems evolution
    TRiZ constitution & laws
    System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory
    Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
    Structured Q&A feedback




                                                  2007 © Pascal Sire   9
How do we look for the solution?
NASA study case
• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
     How to reduce the weight at launch?
     How to save 70% of energy to orbit?
     How to avoid crashing on the planet?



            Clue:
           available
          resources?


 What should be done?


                                                                 10


                                            2007 © Pascal Sire
How do we look for the solution?
 Physics study case




                                                           © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• Let's assume that 300
  electrons, in several groups,
  must jump from one energetic
  level to another.

• However, a quantum transfer
  has already taken place by two
  groups less than were originally
  calculated.

• Consequently, each group now
  has five more electrons.

• How many electron groups
  were there in total?

                                                          11


                                     2007 © Pascal Sire
How do we look for the solution?
 Daily-life study case




                                                                      © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• To send 300 scouts to summer
  camp, several buses were
  reserved.

• However, two buses did not
  show up at the required time.

• Therefore, each bus took five
  scouts more than was planned.

• How many buses were sent?
                                      x*y=300
                                     => y=300/x
                                  (x-2)*(y+5)=300
                                      => x= ??


                                                                     12


                                                2007 © Pascal Sire
How do we look for the solution?
Creative imagination is




                                                                                   © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
complicated by words!

• Mental inertia and psychological barriers
   well-known typical solutions from professional practice
   non-flexible viewpoint for problem situation
   desire to get solutions as soon as possible
   specific terms, etc.




                                          Modelization!
    Reformulation!


                                                                                  13


                                                             2007 © Pascal Sire
Creativity techniques

How do we look for the solution to a
problem?
    Trial-and-errors, 2000+ years!
    Systematic trials, brainstorming, etc.
    Systematic analysis, TRiZ approach.




                                  2007 © Pascal Sire   14
How do we look for the solution?
Trial-and-errors, 2000+ years




                                                         © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
                                                        15


                                   2007 © Pascal Sire
How do we look for the solution?
Systematic trials,




                                                         © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
brainstorming, etc.




                                                        16


                                   2007 © Pascal Sire
How do we look for the solution?
Systematic analysis, TRiZ*




                                                                         © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
approach         * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
                                                               Ideal
                                                               Final
                                                               Result




                                                                        17


                                                 2007 © Pascal Sire
How do we look for the solution?
Different strategies to look for




                                                                                  © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
solutions to a problem
            • Unsystematic attempts
              • HOW to solve the problem?
              • Guessing the answer
                     Trial-and-Errors

            • Systematic attempts
              • HOW to find a solution?
              • Search for solutions
                     Intensified Trial-and-Errors process

            • Systematic analysis of the problem situation
              • WHY do we have a problem?
              • Developing the solution!
                     Reduced area of research
                                                                                 18


                                                            2007 © Pascal Sire
How do we look for the solution?




                                                                                         © Trademarks belong to their resoective owners
TRiZ, a new approach to
Inventive Problem Solving
• Today, many Fortune 500         • Executives want people and teams who
  companies use TRiZ to:            can think outside-the-box
  • design better products,           TRiZ promotes a set of principles
  • less complicated processes,       and questions that help people do
  • understand disruptive             just that
                                                       Think outside-the-box
    market trends,
  • improve their handling of         TRiZ encourages a different level of
    intellectual property.            thinking, breaking mental inertia!




                        With TRIZ
                       Less is More!



                                                                                    19


                                                               2007 © Pascal Sire
How do we look for the solution?
TRiZ approach to Inventive




                                                                                         © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
Problem Solving with ARiZ**
• The TRiZ problem solving          • Models of problem and
  process is a four-step process:     solution leads to innovation!
    problem definition,
    problem classification and
    tool selection,
    solution generation, and
    evaluation of the innovation
    process.




                                       ** Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving
                                                                                        20


                                                                   2007 © Pascal Sire
Agenda
                               * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving



Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
    Changing world – TRiZ* introduction
    How do we look for the solution to a problem
    S-curves of systems evolution
    TRiZ constitution & laws
    System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory
    Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
    Structured Q&A feedback




                                                    2007 © Pascal Sire   21
S-curves of systems evolution
Phases of evolution




                                                                       © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
                       • Four phases of evolution
                           /. birth, childhood
                           II. adolescence
                           III. maturity
                           IV. decline
                       • It is useful to depict a system's
                         position on an S-curve in order
                         to take a decision about the
                         direction of problem solving



                                    A - Steam engine
                            B - Internal-combustion engine

                                                                      22


                                                 2007 © Pascal Sire
S-curves of systems evolution
Long-term view: combination




                                                        © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
of S-curves
• Several evolution curves for
  technical systems with
  different working principles
• Why does « system 2 »
  replace « system 1 » ?
• When occurs this
  replacement?
• Is it possible to predict the
  next step?
• What form of creative
  thinking is required?
• How do we know when the
  rules of survival have
  changed?
                                                       23


                                  2007 © Pascal Sire
S-curves of systems evolution
How to define a system’s




                                                      © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
position?




                                                     24


                                2007 © Pascal Sire
S-curves of systems evolution


...It is not the
    problem                Fly?
  that breaks
   you down,
 it is the way
       you
approach it...




                                         2007 © Pascal Sire   25
S-curves of systems evolution
S-curve example:




                                                      © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
1891: genius idea!


      With TRiZ
       do save
     one century!




                                                     26


                                2007 © Pascal Sire
S-curves of systems evolution
Some « breakthrough




                                                                               © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
thinking » projects with TRiZ
• September 2001: Samsung        • Being declares a 1.5 billion
  recognizes "an inventive         USD profit due to this solution
  solution concerning the head
  of a DVD drive, developed
  using TRiZ, brings 91.2
  million USD to the company"




                                                                              27


                                                         2007 © Pascal Sire
S-curves of systems evolution
Some projects where TRiZ has




                                                      © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
been used




                                                     28


                                2007 © Pascal Sire
Agenda
                               * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving



Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
    Changing world – TRiZ* introduction
    How do we look for the solution to a problem
    S-curves of systems evolution
    TRiZ constitution & laws
    System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory
    Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
    Structured Q&A feedback




                                                    2007 © Pascal Sire   29
TRiZ constitution & laws
 Levels of inventiveness - TRiZ




                                                        © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
 patent analysis



TRiZ




                                                       30


                                  2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ constitution & laws
Summary of laws of Systems




                                                   © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
Evolution




                                                  31


                             2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ constitution & laws
TRiZ’s convergent process




                                                                      © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
                           * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving




                                                                     32


                                                2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ constitution & laws




« TRiZ is a tool
  for thinking
but not instead
  of thinking »

  G. Altshuller



                                        2007 © Pascal Sire   33
TRiZ constitution & laws
TRiZ contradiction principle:




                                                                              © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
the best of both!
•   How to best optimize parameter A AND parameter B?




                                                                             34


                                                        2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ constitution & laws
TRiZ main axiom




                                                                                         © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
Contradictions
                                                ... The main act of inventing to be
                                                the discovery of a contradiction...

• Administrative contradiction
  • "I know what, but I don't know how..."
  • No indication, solution is
    somewhere among many variants
• Technical contradiction
  • "I know how, but if I do something, something else gets worse..."
  • Clearer situation, solution It hidden among several variants
• Physical contradiction
  • "I know how and why but I don't know which mean to use..."
  • Problem If fully expressed, solution is close


                                                                                        35


                                                                   2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ constitution & laws
TRiZ – Multi-screen schema of




                                                             © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
thinking     Breaking mental inertia




                                                            36


                                       2007 © Pascal Sire
Agenda
                            * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving



Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
    Changing world – TRiZ* introduction
    How do we look for the solution to a problem
    S-curves of systems evolution
    TRiZ constitution & laws
    System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory
    Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
    Structured Q&A feedback




                                                 2007 © Pascal Sire   37
TRiZ System of elements as a theory
TRiZ’s main axioms




                                                                                          © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
1. All problems may be formulated in a form of a contradiction.
       Corollary : if we fail to define a problem as a contradiction, this
       is not a problem relevant to TRiZ
2. Technological systems evolve according objective laws of
  evolution.
       Corollary 1 : Technical systems evolution correspond to the
       solving of a contradiction.
       Corollary 2 : A better solution is a solution in accordance with
       these laws.
3. Each specific problem must be solved in accordance with
  restrictions of the specific problematic situation.
       Corollary : A good solution is a solution that involves as few
       new resources as possible.



                                                                                         38


                                                                    2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ System of elements as a theory
TRiZ’s methods




                                                                                   © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• Methods are representing         • ARiZ (Algorithm of Inventive
  structured procedures used for     Problem Solving)
  operating TRiZ knowledge
  bases.
     The system of steps that
     constitute the methods
     allows to conduct both
     problem reformulation and
     solving of the problem.

• In TRiZ body of knowledge,
  we can note as methods :
     Substances/field analysis
     and models
     Various ARiZ's versions

                                                                                  39


                                                             2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ System of elements as a theory
TRiZ’s tools




                                                                                       © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• Tools of TRiZ are constituting elements of a theory allowing the
  realization of a precise action in coherence with the study in
  process.
• In TRiZ body of knowledge, we can note as tools
     Inventive Principles to solve technical contradictions
     Separation principles (for contradictory properties of physical
     contradictions)
     The system of Inventive standards
     The 40 Inventive Principles Matrix
    • for contradictions resolution




      http://triz40.com

                                                                                      40


                                                                 2007 © Pascal Sire
© Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
                 TRiZ constitution & laws



…The problems that exist in the world today
 cannot be solved by the level of thinking
           that created them...

       (attributed to Albert Einstein)




                                         2007 © Pascal Sire   41
TRiZ System of elements as a theory
Some challenges to address in
innovation
• Cultural barriers to collaboration (esp
  deal-making) with 3rd parties
• Capability gaps in portfolio
  management and deal-structuring
• Processing the volume and diversity of
  ideas (separating “wheat from chaff”)
• Keeping the idea flow going past the
  initial 3 months
• Resolving legal issues surrounding IP
• Perceived threat to R&D jobs
• Ensuring that specialists and experts
  don’t block progress
• Making decisions about disruptive
  ideas
                        Sourc e: IBM research 2006
                                                                          42


                                                     2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ System of elements as a theory
People, Innovation &




                                                                                       © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
Collaboration
                                              For a changing world?
                 … Innovation is the process; success is the result!

• Collaboration is key: No hard assets It’s all about people, capital
  and information about people and capital.
• Critical knowledge is tacit: Social Networking, expertise
  management and collaboration are about more than documents,
  etc.




                                                                                      43


                                                                 2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ - innovative Design
         TRiZ links                experts network [en,fr]
                                   http://www.TRiZ-iD.net

• The Altshuller Institute [en]                • Journal TRiZ (USA) [en]
   http://www.aitriz.org                          http://www.triz-journal.com
• OTSM-TRIZ Technologies Center [en,ru]        • ETRIA European TRIZ Association
   http://www.trizminsk.org/eng/index.htm        [en]
• The Official Foundation of G.S.Altshuller       http://www.etria.net
  [en,ru,fr,ge,sp]                             • TRIZ France [fr]
   http://www.altshuller.ru/world/eng
                                                  http://www.trizfrance.org
• The Thinking Approach [en]
   http://www.thinking-approach.org            • TRIZ INSA Strasbourg [fr]
• TRIZ Home Page in Japan                         http://www.insa-strasbourg.fr/triz
  (Editor: T. Nakagawa) [en,jp]                • Jonathan Livingston Project -
   http://www.osaka-                             OTSM-TRIZ [ru]
        gu.ac.jp/php/nakagawa/TRIZ/eTRIZ          http://www.jlproj.org
• Associacion Mexicana de TRIZ AMETRIZ         • TRIZ, from Wikipedia
  [sp]                                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIZ
   http://www.mty.itesm.mx/dia/centros/cidyt
        /ametriz
     Master's Degree Specializing in Innovative Design [en]
http://www.insa-strasbourg.fr/masteres_specialises/conception_innovante_en.php
                                                                                         44


                                                                    2007 © Pascal Sire
Agenda
                               * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving



Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
    Changing world – TRiZ* introduction
    How do we look for the solution to a problem
    S-curves of systems evolution
    TRiZ constitution & laws
    System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory
    Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
    Structured Q&A feedback




                                                    2007 © Pascal Sire   45
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
How do we look for the solution
to a problem?
• How to move books safely to an other location for a UK library?
  • According to an estimation
      About 5% of all books would be destroyed by movers
      Moving large volumes of books appears to be too costly


• What should be done, how to solve this issue ?
                                                                       ?
• Methodology conflict:
      optimization (optimal cost for lowest amount of destroyed books), or
      elimination (ideally: pay nothing at all and all books moved safely)?


• Tip: what are the available resources?


                                                                                           46


                                                                      2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
Is it possible to learn to be an
inventor?
• Soviet engineer and researcher Genrich Saulovich Altshuller
  began to develop TRiZ theory while working in USSR patent office
  at the time of Stalin




                                                                                     Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
     He and his colleagues reviewed over 200,000 patent abstracts
     in order to find out in what way the innovation had taken place
     Even incarcerated under political charges, he continued his work
     on TRiZ while in the Gulag labor camps
• Altshuller eventually developed an extensive work represents a
  unique contribution to the development of creativity and inventive
  problem-solving
     40 Principles of Invention
     several Laws of Technical Systems Evolution,
     the concepts of technical and physical contradictions that
     creative inventions resolve
     the concept of Ideality of a system
                                                                                    47
     and numerous other theoretical and practical approaches
                                                               2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
Is it possible to learn to be an
inventor (cont’d)
• While Altshuller was still alive, he repeatedly stated,
• "TRiZ, as a science, must belong to all"




                                                                                      Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    TRiZ should have no limitations to whom and where it can be
    used.
    The different schools for TRiZ and individual practitioners have
    continued to improve and add to the methodology.
• The tools developed under Altshuller's leadership were
    40 Principles 1946-1971,
    ARiZ 1959-1985,
    Separation Principles 1946-1985,
    Substance-Field Analysis (Su-Field Analysis) 1973-1981,
    Standard Solutions 1977-1985,
    Natural Effects (Scientific Effects) 1970-1980,
    Patterns of Evolution 1975-1980...
                                                                                     48


                                                                2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ – The Theory of inventive
problems solving
• TRiZ, (pronounced [triz]), is a Russian acronym for "Teoriya
  Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch" (Теория решения




                                                                                    Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  изобретательских задач), a Theory of solving inventive problems
  or Theory of inventive problems solving, developed by Genrich
  Altshuller and his colleagues since 1946.

• TRiZ is a methodology, tool set, knowledge base, and model-
  based technology for generating innovative ideas and solutions for
  problem solving. TRiZ provides tools and methods for use in
  problem formulation, system analysis, failure analysis, and
  patterns of system evolution (both 'as-is' and 'could be').

• TRiZ, in contrast to techniques such as brainstorming (which is
  based on random idea generation), aims to create an algorithmic
  approach to the invention of new systems, and the refinement of
  old systems.                                                                     49


                                                              2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ – Level of Invention
• Level of Invention is a relative        • It should be noted that these
  degree of changes to the previous         Levels of Invention are applied to
  system (or solution) in the result of     solutions rather than problems
                                            requiring a system of solution.
  solution of inventive problem (one




                                                                                              Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  containing a contradiction).
  • Term was defined and                  • Also level of invention and the
    introduced by TRiZ author               potential for innovation in any
    G. S. Altshuller.                       nation, geographical area or
                                            economic activity is as
                                            measurement in the concept of
• After initially reviewing 200,000         innovative capacity originally
  patent abstracts, Altshuller              introduced by Prof. Suarez-Villa in
  selected 40,000 as                        1990
  representatives of high level
  inventive solutions.
  • The remainder involved
    direct improvements easily
    recognized within the
    specialty of the system.                                                                 50


                                                                        2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ – Level of Invention (cont’d)
• Level 1 - Routine design problems                     Altshuller separated the
  solved by methods well known                         patents' different degrees
  within the specialty. Usually no                          of inventiveness
  invention needed.                                          into five levels




                                                                                            Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
                                      Level 4 - A new generation of a
    example: use of coal for
                                        system that entails a new principle
    writing                             for performing the system's
• Level 2 - Minor improvements to       primary functions. Solutions are
  an existing system using methods      found more often in science than
  known within the industry.            technology.
    example: graphite pencil               example: printer (another whole
    (wrapped coal stick)                   system for writing)
• Level 3 - Fundamental               • Level 5 - A rare scientific
  improvement to an existing            discovery or pioneering invention
  system using methods known            of an essentially a new system.
  outside the industry.                   example: electronic
    example: ink pen                      pen&paper
    (ink instead of coal)
                                                                                           51


                                                                      2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
  Main postulates of TRiZ




                                                                                             © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• Based on extensive study of the evolution history of various systems
  (technological, sciences, social groups, arts) and thousands of patents
• Patterns of evolution
     Identification of typical "correct" evolutionary steps, or mistakes (to be
     avoided)
     Prediction of the future changed to decision about applicable lines of
     evolution
• Driving force of evolution
     A system evolves towards greater Ideality
     Improvement of quality and useful functions
     Reduction of cost and other harmful effects
• Solutions already exist in fields remote from your own
• Search out and resolve the fundamental contradictions
                                                                  All resources
                                                                                            52


                                                                       2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ – Laws of Technical
Systems Evolution
• Static Laws
    The law of the completeness of the




                                                                  Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    parts of the system
    The law of energy conductivity of the
    system
    The law of harmonizing the rhythms
    of parts of the system
• Kinematic Laws
    Law of increasing ideality
    The law of uneven development of
    parts of a system
    The law of transition to a super-
    system
• Dynamic Laws
    Transition from macro to micro level                         53
    Increasing the S-Field involvement
                                            2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ – Ideal Final Result
• Ideal Final Result (IFR) is a
  description of the best possible
  solution for the problem situation
  (or contradiction), regardless of
  the resources or constraints of the




                                                                                         Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  original problem. IFR is one of the    • A basic concept of TRiZ is that
  basics terms in TRiZ                     systems evolve towards increased
                                           ideality (functionality), where the
• A well-defined IFR helps a
                                           extreme result of this evolution is the
  problem solver to overcome
                                           Ideal Final Result:
  psychological inertia and reach
  breakthrough solutions by                  It has all the benefits,
  thinking about the solution in             none of the harm, and
  terms of functions, not the                none of the costs of the original
  intervening problems or needed             problem.
  resources. It focuses on functions     • The ideal system is acting as pure
  needed, not the current process or       function, because it:
  equipment.                                 occupies no space,
• The idea of formulating the IFR is         has no weight,
  to clearly define the goal of              requires no labour,
  improvement and eliminate rework           requires no maintenance,
  (solve the right problem initially).                                                  54
                                             delivers benefit without harm.
                                                                   2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ – Identifying a problem:
no compromise!
• Altshuller believed that inventive problems stem from contradictions (one
  of the basic TRiZ concepts) or trade-offs between two or more elements.




                                                                                               Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• There are Technical Contradictions, such as "If we want more
  acceleration, we need a larger engine - but that will increase the cost of the
  car", that is, more of something desirable also brings more of something
  else undesirable, or less of something else also desirable.
• He also defined so-called Physical contradictions: we may need at the
  same time more and less of something. For instance, we may need higher
  temperature in order to melt a compound more rapidly, but lower
  temperature in order to achieve a homogeneous mixture.
• An inventive situation might involve several such contradictions. The
  inventor typically does not resolve a contradiction by stepping in the middle
  of the trade-off - for that, no special inventiveness is needed. Rather, the
  inventor develops some creative approach for dissolving the
  contradiction: for instance, inventing an engine that does produce more
  acceleration without increasing the cost of the engine.
                                                                                              55


                                                                         2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ typologies of Contradictions




                                                                                    © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• On a social level
   Problem description contains social expectations. We can find
   conflict between human being and technology. Desired result is
   expressed but answers to typical questions are absent.
• On an administrative level
   Problem description contains expectations towards
   organizations and management. We are facing with a conflict
   between human being an technical system. The answers are
   only partials and belongs to the super system.
• On a technical level
   Conflict appear within existing technical systems. The answers
   to typical questions are uncompleted but lies within the system.
• On a physical level
   Problem description contains concrete physical phenomena. A
   conflict appear between physical properties of a specific element
   of the system. Answers to typical questions are formulated at the
   level of sub-systems.                                                           56


                                                              2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ contradiction templates




                                                                                   © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• Contradiction formalism
    Element name (non-             • Operation zone & time
    specific)                          Where and when the conflict
    Parameter name (action or          occurs (could be small and short)
    evaluation characteristic)     • Contradiction schema (example)
    Value (opposite A and non-         conflicting requirements for the
                                       algorithm itself ;-)
    A)
    Positive and negative result
    Desired is best of both!




                                                                                  57


                                                             2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ has 40 Inventive




                                                                                      © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
Principles & many standards
• To solve challenging problems!
                                                 Based on the analysis
                                                  of creative solutions
• Some principles are:                             to past problems
    Change when things happen – Time
    Change where things happen – Space
    Change how things fit together – Parts and Whole
    Segment based upon specific conditions

• These principles were used in the design of the advanced Boeing
  737 engine cooling, which are now oval (rather than round) to
  resolve the engineering design contradiction of area vs diameter.
    Take a look the next time you fly!


                                                                                     58


                                                                2007 © Pascal Sire
TRiZ – Matrix
                                                                                                    Backup : TRiZ methods and tools




2007 © Pascal Sire
                      59




                     © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
TRiZ – Substance-field analysis




                                                                                         © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• One more technique that is frequently used
  by inventors involves the analysis of substances,
  fields and other resources that are currently
  not being used and that can be found
  within the system or nearby.
• Note that TRiZ uses non-standard definition for substances and
  fields. Altshuller developed methods to analyse resources; several
  of his invention principles involve the use of different substances
  and fields that help resolve contradictions and increase ideality of a
  technical system.
• For instance, video text systems utilized television signals to
  transfer data, by taking advantage of the small time segments
  between TV frames in the signals.


                                                                                        60


                                                                   2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
Method for overcoming mental
inertia (Multi-screen)
• This method allows you to
  represent a developed system
  mentally with application of at
  least 9 screens.
• System itself, super system
  and subsystem are each
  represented in the past,
  present and future.
• This approach leads to
  developing new concepts of




                                                           Definition from triz.org
  solution and overcoming
  failures.
• With the help of this method, it
  is possible to consider a
  problem from diversified and
  unexpected points of view.                              61


                                     2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
Method for overcoming mental
inertia (STC)
                                  • « What if »
                                  • Increasing
                                    step-by-step to
                                    infinite
                                  • Decreasing
                                    step-by-step to
                                    zero
                                  • Then keep all
                                    partial




                                                             Definition from triz.org
                                    solutions
                                  • When back to
                                    normal try to
                                    apply the
                                    partial
                                    solutions
                                                            62


                                       2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
Elements of the solution’s




                                                                                     © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design “ INSA Strasbourg
portrait              • Resources
          E-N-V model                       Time (before, during, after
                                            action)
        (entity, name, value)
                                            Space (vacuum, gap,
                                            space, place)
                                            Substance (solid, liquid,
                                            gas, plasma)
                                            Field (mechanical, thermal,
                                            chemical, electrical,
                                            magnetic)
                                            etc.
                                       • Operating zone, operating
                                         time
 Storing description elements of the   • Specific conditions of the
     problem (keep in memory)            given situation

                                                                                63


                                                           2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
ARiZ – Algorithm of Inventive
Problems Solving
• ARiZ (russ. acronym of Алгоритм решения изобретательских
  задач) - Algorithm of Inventive Problems Solving is problem
  solving technique in form of list of (about 85) step-by-step
  procedures that incrementally evolves a complex problem to a




                                                                                      Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  point where it is simple to solve. Cf. Genrich Altshuller.
• Complex problems cannot be solved in just two steps. For those
  problems which are so complex, that they cannot be solved with
  any other tools, TRiZ includes the algorithm to follow which will
  facilitate the problem-solving process. ARiZ is not an equation, but
  rather a multi-step process asking you a series of questions that
  integrates different pieces of TRiZ.
• ARiZ is a very "solution neutral" (i.e. neutral to industry where
  problem emerged) process: i.e., it takes preconceived solutions out
  of the problem statement. It starts you at a position that assumes
  the nature of your problem is unknown. ARiZ reacquaints you with
  your problem by allowing you to see your problem with a fresh pair
  of eyes.                                                                           64


                                                                2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
ARiZ – Features and principles




                                                                                    © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• ARiZ features                    • ARiZ utilizes
    process of problem                 Logic of ARiZ
    reformulations                     Resources of the system
    logical and disciplined            Ideality for an understanding
                                       of the Ideal Final Result
    continually reinterprets the
                                       (IFR or Ideal Solution) to the
    problem
                                       problem
    main TRiZ method for               Contradictions, by working
    solving conflicts                  first with the technical
                                       contradiction, then the
• It is only through a guided          physical contradiction
  reformulation that complex           S-field models and Standard
  problems can be solved.              Solutions or the 40
                                       Principles
                                       Scientific effects, etc.

                                                                                   65


                                                              2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
ARiZ – Framework




                                                                                           © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
• Three macro level processes
  with their respective nine "Classic" parts
  • I. Restructuring of the Original Problem
      Analyse the System and the Resources
      Define the Ideal Final Result
      and Formulate the Physical Contradiction
  • II. Removing the Physical Contradiction
      Separate the Physical Contradiction
      Apply the Knowledge Base: Effects, Standards, and Principles
      Change the "Mini-Problem"
  • III. Analysing the Solution                              more than
      Review the Solution and Analyse the Removal          50% is problem
      of the Physical Contradiction                       reformulation!
      Develop Maximum Usage of the Solution
      Review All the Stages in ARiZ in "Real Time" Application

                                                                                          66


                                                                     2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
ARiZ – Flowchart




                                                        © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
                                                       67


                                  2007 © Pascal Sire
Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
Concluding elements about




                                                                                       © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
TRiZ advantages
• System of theoretical and practical   • Objective domain-independent
  elements aiming at assisting            Laws of Evolution of Technical
  engineers in the restructuring of       Systems have been disclosed and
  their inventive problem solving         guide the design process.
  processes                             • TRiZ provides systematic access
• An important amount of elements         to the previous experience of
                                          many generations of inventors.
  extracted from human knowledge
  has been synthesized in TRiZ          • TRiZ proposes a structured and
                                          ergonomic shape of scientific
  constitution. The covered               phenomena and effects.
  spectrum when searching for
                                        • TRiZ does not replace human
  solving ways in inventive               creativity but restructure the
  situations is wide and close to         thinking process of a designer.
  being exhaustive
• The cognitive process of TRiZ is
  not conventional, its learning time
  is long and it is necessary in most
  cases to deconstruct previous
  know-how since TRiZ is not in line
  with classical teaching                                                             68


                                                                 2007 © Pascal Sire
Agenda
                               * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving



Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
    Changing world – TRiZ* introduction
    How do we look for the solution to a problem
    S-curves of systems evolution
    TRiZ constitution & laws
    System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory
    Backup : TRiZ methods and tools
    Structured Q&A feedback




                                                    2007 © Pascal Sire   69
Review of Objectives
                    * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
Now that you’ve completed this session,
you are able to:
    Know the main concepts of innovative design
    embedded in TRiZ* methods and tools
    Learn basic TRiZ* knowledge: main axioms, laws
    of evolution, contradiction model, convergence
    process, inventive principles, etc.
    Build innovative offers "yourself, without
    additional cost", through real-life business and
    internal cases, to make your customer or partner
    an innovator!
    Think differently and more efficiently about
    problem solving.
    Help your customer focusing quicker and easier
    on innovation that matters!

                                         2007 © Pascal Sire   70
Conclusion



Restate TRiZ main theme
    Innovation is the process…
    Success is the result!




       THANKS!



                                 2007 © Pascal Sire   71
* Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

INSA Paris Ile de France – Pôles BTP & Automobile
Creating value with TRiZ* methods and tools
October 16th, 2007
                                         Thanks!
             Innovation Management
             Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools
             Pascal Sire
             Innovation Catalyst
             Mobile: +33 (0) 662 48 52 43
             E-mail: pascal.sire@insalien.org

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Creating Value With T Ri Z Methods And Tools - Soiree INSA Paris

  • 1. * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving INSA Paris Ile de France – Pôles BTP & Automobile Creating value with TRiZ* methods and tools October 16th, 2007 Innovation Management Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Pascal Sire Innovation Catalyst Mobile: +33 (0) 662 48 52 43 E-mail: pascal.sire@insalien.org
  • 2. Session Objectives * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving By the end of this TRiZ* session, you will be able to: Know the main concepts of innovative design embedded in TRiZ* methods and tools Learn basic TRiZ* knowledge: main axioms, laws of evolution, contradiction model, convergence process, inventive principles, etc. Build innovative offers "yourself, without additional cost", through real-life business and internal cases, to make your customer or partner an innovator! Think differently and more efficiently about problem solving. Help your customer focusing quicker and easier on innovation that matters! 2007 © Pascal Sire 2
  • 3. Initial contradiction (as a didactic TRiZ* example) © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Short « time » Long • Why « short »? • Why « long »? •It's the law (of TLE's agenda!) •Whish of speaker (& delegates ;-) •60 minutes maxi (10+5 Q&A) •A few hours to learn & practice •Allow high-level synthesis •Allow more details & examples •etc. •etc. What should be done? 3 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 4. Initial contradiction Applying a few «classical TRiZ*» © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg inventive principles • Make in advance • Separation in time • How many people did read • If not possible to cover all the presentation from the planned slides, just let people teamroom? themselves read later the • If all people already know « back-up » part! about the theory part, just jump • With links to bibliography & straight to examples & web sites the knowledge is practice! delivered! • At least « double » the • At least « triple » the effective effective time of the session! time of the session! * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Separation in space If there is not enough space in the room for all attendees wanting to attend? Offer some of them to connect through a web-meeting and call number! At least « quadruple » the effective time of the session! 4 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 5. Agenda * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Changing world - TRiZ* introduction How do we look for the solution to a problem S-curves of systems evolution TRiZ constitution & laws System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Structured Q&A feedback 2007 © Pascal Sire 5
  • 6. TRiZ Introduction For a changing world? • Each invention is a road through the 'impossible' • Generally, 'impossible' is only 'impossible by existing means' • The inventor must find a new concept, and then the impossible becomes possible... G. Altshuller (1926-1998) M.C. Escher (1898-1972 ) …Innovation is the process; success is the result! 6 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 7. TRiZ Introduction Management of Innovation © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg (vocabulary) • Process of innovation Creation Models & descriptions • Conditions of success Function Invention Uncertainty & risks • Strategy of innovation Innovation • Behaviour of the consumer Design ● Technological ● Commercial • Organisation of innovation ● Organizational ● Socio-institutional • Improvement of innovation Process • Durability and efficiency Activity • Project of innovation, etc. Discovery 7 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 8. TRiZ Introduction Management of Innovation © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg (time scale) • Childhood period: R&D project • Maturity period: Mktg product Innov. Pd • Innovation period, success? Innovation ● Technological ● Commercial Pj Life cycle ● Organizational ● Socio-institutional …Innovation is the process; success is the result! 8 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 9. Agenda * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Changing world – TRiZ* introduction How do we look for the solution to a problem S-curves of systems evolution TRiZ constitution & laws System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Structured Q&A feedback 2007 © Pascal Sire 9
  • 10. How do we look for the solution? NASA study case • Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter How to reduce the weight at launch? How to save 70% of energy to orbit? How to avoid crashing on the planet? Clue: available resources? What should be done? 10 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 11. How do we look for the solution? Physics study case © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • Let's assume that 300 electrons, in several groups, must jump from one energetic level to another. • However, a quantum transfer has already taken place by two groups less than were originally calculated. • Consequently, each group now has five more electrons. • How many electron groups were there in total? 11 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 12. How do we look for the solution? Daily-life study case © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • To send 300 scouts to summer camp, several buses were reserved. • However, two buses did not show up at the required time. • Therefore, each bus took five scouts more than was planned. • How many buses were sent? x*y=300 => y=300/x (x-2)*(y+5)=300 => x= ?? 12 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 13. How do we look for the solution? Creative imagination is © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg complicated by words! • Mental inertia and psychological barriers well-known typical solutions from professional practice non-flexible viewpoint for problem situation desire to get solutions as soon as possible specific terms, etc. Modelization! Reformulation! 13 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 14. Creativity techniques How do we look for the solution to a problem? Trial-and-errors, 2000+ years! Systematic trials, brainstorming, etc. Systematic analysis, TRiZ approach. 2007 © Pascal Sire 14
  • 15. How do we look for the solution? Trial-and-errors, 2000+ years © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg 15 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 16. How do we look for the solution? Systematic trials, © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg brainstorming, etc. 16 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 17. How do we look for the solution? Systematic analysis, TRiZ* © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg approach * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Ideal Final Result 17 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 18. How do we look for the solution? Different strategies to look for © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg solutions to a problem • Unsystematic attempts • HOW to solve the problem? • Guessing the answer Trial-and-Errors • Systematic attempts • HOW to find a solution? • Search for solutions Intensified Trial-and-Errors process • Systematic analysis of the problem situation • WHY do we have a problem? • Developing the solution! Reduced area of research 18 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 19. How do we look for the solution? © Trademarks belong to their resoective owners TRiZ, a new approach to Inventive Problem Solving • Today, many Fortune 500 • Executives want people and teams who companies use TRiZ to: can think outside-the-box • design better products, TRiZ promotes a set of principles • less complicated processes, and questions that help people do • understand disruptive just that Think outside-the-box market trends, • improve their handling of TRiZ encourages a different level of intellectual property. thinking, breaking mental inertia! With TRIZ Less is More! 19 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 20. How do we look for the solution? TRiZ approach to Inventive © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg Problem Solving with ARiZ** • The TRiZ problem solving • Models of problem and process is a four-step process: solution leads to innovation! problem definition, problem classification and tool selection, solution generation, and evaluation of the innovation process. ** Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving 20 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 21. Agenda * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Changing world – TRiZ* introduction How do we look for the solution to a problem S-curves of systems evolution TRiZ constitution & laws System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Structured Q&A feedback 2007 © Pascal Sire 21
  • 22. S-curves of systems evolution Phases of evolution © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • Four phases of evolution /. birth, childhood II. adolescence III. maturity IV. decline • It is useful to depict a system's position on an S-curve in order to take a decision about the direction of problem solving A - Steam engine B - Internal-combustion engine 22 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 23. S-curves of systems evolution Long-term view: combination © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg of S-curves • Several evolution curves for technical systems with different working principles • Why does « system 2 » replace « system 1 » ? • When occurs this replacement? • Is it possible to predict the next step? • What form of creative thinking is required? • How do we know when the rules of survival have changed? 23 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 24. S-curves of systems evolution How to define a system’s © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg position? 24 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 25. S-curves of systems evolution ...It is not the problem Fly? that breaks you down, it is the way you approach it... 2007 © Pascal Sire 25
  • 26. S-curves of systems evolution S-curve example: © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg 1891: genius idea! With TRiZ do save one century! 26 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 27. S-curves of systems evolution Some « breakthrough © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg thinking » projects with TRiZ • September 2001: Samsung • Being declares a 1.5 billion recognizes "an inventive USD profit due to this solution solution concerning the head of a DVD drive, developed using TRiZ, brings 91.2 million USD to the company" 27 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 28. S-curves of systems evolution Some projects where TRiZ has © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg been used 28 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 29. Agenda * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Changing world – TRiZ* introduction How do we look for the solution to a problem S-curves of systems evolution TRiZ constitution & laws System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Structured Q&A feedback 2007 © Pascal Sire 29
  • 30. TRiZ constitution & laws Levels of inventiveness - TRiZ © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg patent analysis TRiZ 30 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 31. TRiZ constitution & laws Summary of laws of Systems © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg Evolution 31 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 32. TRiZ constitution & laws TRiZ’s convergent process © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving 32 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 33. TRiZ constitution & laws « TRiZ is a tool for thinking but not instead of thinking » G. Altshuller 2007 © Pascal Sire 33
  • 34. TRiZ constitution & laws TRiZ contradiction principle: © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg the best of both! • How to best optimize parameter A AND parameter B? 34 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 35. TRiZ constitution & laws TRiZ main axiom © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg Contradictions ... The main act of inventing to be the discovery of a contradiction... • Administrative contradiction • "I know what, but I don't know how..." • No indication, solution is somewhere among many variants • Technical contradiction • "I know how, but if I do something, something else gets worse..." • Clearer situation, solution It hidden among several variants • Physical contradiction • "I know how and why but I don't know which mean to use..." • Problem If fully expressed, solution is close 35 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 36. TRiZ constitution & laws TRiZ – Multi-screen schema of © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg thinking Breaking mental inertia 36 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 37. Agenda * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Changing world – TRiZ* introduction How do we look for the solution to a problem S-curves of systems evolution TRiZ constitution & laws System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Structured Q&A feedback 2007 © Pascal Sire 37
  • 38. TRiZ System of elements as a theory TRiZ’s main axioms © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg 1. All problems may be formulated in a form of a contradiction. Corollary : if we fail to define a problem as a contradiction, this is not a problem relevant to TRiZ 2. Technological systems evolve according objective laws of evolution. Corollary 1 : Technical systems evolution correspond to the solving of a contradiction. Corollary 2 : A better solution is a solution in accordance with these laws. 3. Each specific problem must be solved in accordance with restrictions of the specific problematic situation. Corollary : A good solution is a solution that involves as few new resources as possible. 38 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 39. TRiZ System of elements as a theory TRiZ’s methods © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • Methods are representing • ARiZ (Algorithm of Inventive structured procedures used for Problem Solving) operating TRiZ knowledge bases. The system of steps that constitute the methods allows to conduct both problem reformulation and solving of the problem. • In TRiZ body of knowledge, we can note as methods : Substances/field analysis and models Various ARiZ's versions 39 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 40. TRiZ System of elements as a theory TRiZ’s tools © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • Tools of TRiZ are constituting elements of a theory allowing the realization of a precise action in coherence with the study in process. • In TRiZ body of knowledge, we can note as tools Inventive Principles to solve technical contradictions Separation principles (for contradictory properties of physical contradictions) The system of Inventive standards The 40 Inventive Principles Matrix • for contradictions resolution http://triz40.com 40 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 41. © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg TRiZ constitution & laws …The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them... (attributed to Albert Einstein) 2007 © Pascal Sire 41
  • 42. TRiZ System of elements as a theory Some challenges to address in innovation • Cultural barriers to collaboration (esp deal-making) with 3rd parties • Capability gaps in portfolio management and deal-structuring • Processing the volume and diversity of ideas (separating “wheat from chaff”) • Keeping the idea flow going past the initial 3 months • Resolving legal issues surrounding IP • Perceived threat to R&D jobs • Ensuring that specialists and experts don’t block progress • Making decisions about disruptive ideas Sourc e: IBM research 2006 42 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 43. TRiZ System of elements as a theory People, Innovation & © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg Collaboration For a changing world? … Innovation is the process; success is the result! • Collaboration is key: No hard assets It’s all about people, capital and information about people and capital. • Critical knowledge is tacit: Social Networking, expertise management and collaboration are about more than documents, etc. 43 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 44. TRiZ - innovative Design TRiZ links experts network [en,fr] http://www.TRiZ-iD.net • The Altshuller Institute [en] • Journal TRiZ (USA) [en] http://www.aitriz.org http://www.triz-journal.com • OTSM-TRIZ Technologies Center [en,ru] • ETRIA European TRIZ Association http://www.trizminsk.org/eng/index.htm [en] • The Official Foundation of G.S.Altshuller http://www.etria.net [en,ru,fr,ge,sp] • TRIZ France [fr] http://www.altshuller.ru/world/eng http://www.trizfrance.org • The Thinking Approach [en] http://www.thinking-approach.org • TRIZ INSA Strasbourg [fr] • TRIZ Home Page in Japan http://www.insa-strasbourg.fr/triz (Editor: T. Nakagawa) [en,jp] • Jonathan Livingston Project - http://www.osaka- OTSM-TRIZ [ru] gu.ac.jp/php/nakagawa/TRIZ/eTRIZ http://www.jlproj.org • Associacion Mexicana de TRIZ AMETRIZ • TRIZ, from Wikipedia [sp] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIZ http://www.mty.itesm.mx/dia/centros/cidyt /ametriz Master's Degree Specializing in Innovative Design [en] http://www.insa-strasbourg.fr/masteres_specialises/conception_innovante_en.php 44 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 45. Agenda * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Changing world – TRiZ* introduction How do we look for the solution to a problem S-curves of systems evolution TRiZ constitution & laws System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Structured Q&A feedback 2007 © Pascal Sire 45
  • 46. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools How do we look for the solution to a problem? • How to move books safely to an other location for a UK library? • According to an estimation About 5% of all books would be destroyed by movers Moving large volumes of books appears to be too costly • What should be done, how to solve this issue ? ? • Methodology conflict: optimization (optimal cost for lowest amount of destroyed books), or elimination (ideally: pay nothing at all and all books moved safely)? • Tip: what are the available resources? 46 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 47. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Is it possible to learn to be an inventor? • Soviet engineer and researcher Genrich Saulovich Altshuller began to develop TRiZ theory while working in USSR patent office at the time of Stalin Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia He and his colleagues reviewed over 200,000 patent abstracts in order to find out in what way the innovation had taken place Even incarcerated under political charges, he continued his work on TRiZ while in the Gulag labor camps • Altshuller eventually developed an extensive work represents a unique contribution to the development of creativity and inventive problem-solving 40 Principles of Invention several Laws of Technical Systems Evolution, the concepts of technical and physical contradictions that creative inventions resolve the concept of Ideality of a system 47 and numerous other theoretical and practical approaches 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 48. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Is it possible to learn to be an inventor (cont’d) • While Altshuller was still alive, he repeatedly stated, • "TRiZ, as a science, must belong to all" Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia TRiZ should have no limitations to whom and where it can be used. The different schools for TRiZ and individual practitioners have continued to improve and add to the methodology. • The tools developed under Altshuller's leadership were 40 Principles 1946-1971, ARiZ 1959-1985, Separation Principles 1946-1985, Substance-Field Analysis (Su-Field Analysis) 1973-1981, Standard Solutions 1977-1985, Natural Effects (Scientific Effects) 1970-1980, Patterns of Evolution 1975-1980... 48 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 49. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ – The Theory of inventive problems solving • TRiZ, (pronounced [triz]), is a Russian acronym for "Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch" (Теория решения Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia изобретательских задач), a Theory of solving inventive problems or Theory of inventive problems solving, developed by Genrich Altshuller and his colleagues since 1946. • TRiZ is a methodology, tool set, knowledge base, and model- based technology for generating innovative ideas and solutions for problem solving. TRiZ provides tools and methods for use in problem formulation, system analysis, failure analysis, and patterns of system evolution (both 'as-is' and 'could be'). • TRiZ, in contrast to techniques such as brainstorming (which is based on random idea generation), aims to create an algorithmic approach to the invention of new systems, and the refinement of old systems. 49 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 50. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ – Level of Invention • Level of Invention is a relative • It should be noted that these degree of changes to the previous Levels of Invention are applied to system (or solution) in the result of solutions rather than problems requiring a system of solution. solution of inventive problem (one Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia containing a contradiction). • Term was defined and • Also level of invention and the introduced by TRiZ author potential for innovation in any G. S. Altshuller. nation, geographical area or economic activity is as measurement in the concept of • After initially reviewing 200,000 innovative capacity originally patent abstracts, Altshuller introduced by Prof. Suarez-Villa in selected 40,000 as 1990 representatives of high level inventive solutions. • The remainder involved direct improvements easily recognized within the specialty of the system. 50 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 51. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ – Level of Invention (cont’d) • Level 1 - Routine design problems Altshuller separated the solved by methods well known patents' different degrees within the specialty. Usually no of inventiveness invention needed. into five levels Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Level 4 - A new generation of a example: use of coal for system that entails a new principle writing for performing the system's • Level 2 - Minor improvements to primary functions. Solutions are an existing system using methods found more often in science than known within the industry. technology. example: graphite pencil example: printer (another whole (wrapped coal stick) system for writing) • Level 3 - Fundamental • Level 5 - A rare scientific improvement to an existing discovery or pioneering invention system using methods known of an essentially a new system. outside the industry. example: electronic example: ink pen pen&paper (ink instead of coal) 51 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 52. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Main postulates of TRiZ © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • Based on extensive study of the evolution history of various systems (technological, sciences, social groups, arts) and thousands of patents • Patterns of evolution Identification of typical "correct" evolutionary steps, or mistakes (to be avoided) Prediction of the future changed to decision about applicable lines of evolution • Driving force of evolution A system evolves towards greater Ideality Improvement of quality and useful functions Reduction of cost and other harmful effects • Solutions already exist in fields remote from your own • Search out and resolve the fundamental contradictions All resources 52 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 53. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ – Laws of Technical Systems Evolution • Static Laws The law of the completeness of the Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia parts of the system The law of energy conductivity of the system The law of harmonizing the rhythms of parts of the system • Kinematic Laws Law of increasing ideality The law of uneven development of parts of a system The law of transition to a super- system • Dynamic Laws Transition from macro to micro level 53 Increasing the S-Field involvement 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 54. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ – Ideal Final Result • Ideal Final Result (IFR) is a description of the best possible solution for the problem situation (or contradiction), regardless of the resources or constraints of the Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia original problem. IFR is one of the • A basic concept of TRiZ is that basics terms in TRiZ systems evolve towards increased ideality (functionality), where the • A well-defined IFR helps a extreme result of this evolution is the problem solver to overcome Ideal Final Result: psychological inertia and reach breakthrough solutions by It has all the benefits, thinking about the solution in none of the harm, and terms of functions, not the none of the costs of the original intervening problems or needed problem. resources. It focuses on functions • The ideal system is acting as pure needed, not the current process or function, because it: equipment. occupies no space, • The idea of formulating the IFR is has no weight, to clearly define the goal of requires no labour, improvement and eliminate rework requires no maintenance, (solve the right problem initially). 54 delivers benefit without harm. 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 55. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ – Identifying a problem: no compromise! • Altshuller believed that inventive problems stem from contradictions (one of the basic TRiZ concepts) or trade-offs between two or more elements. Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • There are Technical Contradictions, such as "If we want more acceleration, we need a larger engine - but that will increase the cost of the car", that is, more of something desirable also brings more of something else undesirable, or less of something else also desirable. • He also defined so-called Physical contradictions: we may need at the same time more and less of something. For instance, we may need higher temperature in order to melt a compound more rapidly, but lower temperature in order to achieve a homogeneous mixture. • An inventive situation might involve several such contradictions. The inventor typically does not resolve a contradiction by stepping in the middle of the trade-off - for that, no special inventiveness is needed. Rather, the inventor develops some creative approach for dissolving the contradiction: for instance, inventing an engine that does produce more acceleration without increasing the cost of the engine. 55 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 56. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ typologies of Contradictions © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • On a social level Problem description contains social expectations. We can find conflict between human being and technology. Desired result is expressed but answers to typical questions are absent. • On an administrative level Problem description contains expectations towards organizations and management. We are facing with a conflict between human being an technical system. The answers are only partials and belongs to the super system. • On a technical level Conflict appear within existing technical systems. The answers to typical questions are uncompleted but lies within the system. • On a physical level Problem description contains concrete physical phenomena. A conflict appear between physical properties of a specific element of the system. Answers to typical questions are formulated at the level of sub-systems. 56 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 57. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ contradiction templates © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • Contradiction formalism Element name (non- • Operation zone & time specific) Where and when the conflict Parameter name (action or occurs (could be small and short) evaluation characteristic) • Contradiction schema (example) Value (opposite A and non- conflicting requirements for the algorithm itself ;-) A) Positive and negative result Desired is best of both! 57 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 58. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ has 40 Inventive © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg Principles & many standards • To solve challenging problems! Based on the analysis of creative solutions • Some principles are: to past problems Change when things happen – Time Change where things happen – Space Change how things fit together – Parts and Whole Segment based upon specific conditions • These principles were used in the design of the advanced Boeing 737 engine cooling, which are now oval (rather than round) to resolve the engineering design contradiction of area vs diameter. Take a look the next time you fly! 58 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 59. TRiZ – Matrix Backup : TRiZ methods and tools 2007 © Pascal Sire 59 © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
  • 60. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools TRiZ – Substance-field analysis © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • One more technique that is frequently used by inventors involves the analysis of substances, fields and other resources that are currently not being used and that can be found within the system or nearby. • Note that TRiZ uses non-standard definition for substances and fields. Altshuller developed methods to analyse resources; several of his invention principles involve the use of different substances and fields that help resolve contradictions and increase ideality of a technical system. • For instance, video text systems utilized television signals to transfer data, by taking advantage of the small time segments between TV frames in the signals. 60 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 61. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Method for overcoming mental inertia (Multi-screen) • This method allows you to represent a developed system mentally with application of at least 9 screens. • System itself, super system and subsystem are each represented in the past, present and future. • This approach leads to developing new concepts of Definition from triz.org solution and overcoming failures. • With the help of this method, it is possible to consider a problem from diversified and unexpected points of view. 61 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 62. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Method for overcoming mental inertia (STC) • « What if » • Increasing step-by-step to infinite • Decreasing step-by-step to zero • Then keep all partial Definition from triz.org solutions • When back to normal try to apply the partial solutions 62 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 63. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Elements of the solution’s © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design “ INSA Strasbourg portrait • Resources E-N-V model Time (before, during, after action) (entity, name, value) Space (vacuum, gap, space, place) Substance (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) Field (mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic) etc. • Operating zone, operating time Storing description elements of the • Specific conditions of the problem (keep in memory) given situation 63 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 64. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools ARiZ – Algorithm of Inventive Problems Solving • ARiZ (russ. acronym of Алгоритм решения изобретательских задач) - Algorithm of Inventive Problems Solving is problem solving technique in form of list of (about 85) step-by-step procedures that incrementally evolves a complex problem to a Description from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia point where it is simple to solve. Cf. Genrich Altshuller. • Complex problems cannot be solved in just two steps. For those problems which are so complex, that they cannot be solved with any other tools, TRiZ includes the algorithm to follow which will facilitate the problem-solving process. ARiZ is not an equation, but rather a multi-step process asking you a series of questions that integrates different pieces of TRiZ. • ARiZ is a very "solution neutral" (i.e. neutral to industry where problem emerged) process: i.e., it takes preconceived solutions out of the problem statement. It starts you at a position that assumes the nature of your problem is unknown. ARiZ reacquaints you with your problem by allowing you to see your problem with a fresh pair of eyes. 64 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 65. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools ARiZ – Features and principles © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • ARiZ features • ARiZ utilizes process of problem Logic of ARiZ reformulations Resources of the system logical and disciplined Ideality for an understanding of the Ideal Final Result continually reinterprets the (IFR or Ideal Solution) to the problem problem main TRiZ method for Contradictions, by working solving conflicts first with the technical contradiction, then the • It is only through a guided physical contradiction reformulation that complex S-field models and Standard problems can be solved. Solutions or the 40 Principles Scientific effects, etc. 65 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 66. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools ARiZ – Framework © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg • Three macro level processes with their respective nine "Classic" parts • I. Restructuring of the Original Problem Analyse the System and the Resources Define the Ideal Final Result and Formulate the Physical Contradiction • II. Removing the Physical Contradiction Separate the Physical Contradiction Apply the Knowledge Base: Effects, Standards, and Principles Change the "Mini-Problem" • III. Analysing the Solution more than Review the Solution and Analyse the Removal 50% is problem of the Physical Contradiction reformulation! Develop Maximum Usage of the Solution Review All the Stages in ARiZ in "Real Time" Application 66 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 67. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools ARiZ – Flowchart © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg 67 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 68. Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Concluding elements about © Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg TRiZ advantages • System of theoretical and practical • Objective domain-independent elements aiming at assisting Laws of Evolution of Technical engineers in the restructuring of Systems have been disclosed and their inventive problem solving guide the design process. processes • TRiZ provides systematic access • An important amount of elements to the previous experience of many generations of inventors. extracted from human knowledge has been synthesized in TRiZ • TRiZ proposes a structured and ergonomic shape of scientific constitution. The covered phenomena and effects. spectrum when searching for • TRiZ does not replace human solving ways in inventive creativity but restructure the situations is wide and close to thinking process of a designer. being exhaustive • The cognitive process of TRiZ is not conventional, its learning time is long and it is necessary in most cases to deconstruct previous know-how since TRiZ is not in line with classical teaching 68 2007 © Pascal Sire
  • 69. Agenda * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Changing world – TRiZ* introduction How do we look for the solution to a problem S-curves of systems evolution TRiZ constitution & laws System of elements describing TRiZ as a theory Backup : TRiZ methods and tools Structured Q&A feedback 2007 © Pascal Sire 69
  • 70. Review of Objectives * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Now that you’ve completed this session, you are able to: Know the main concepts of innovative design embedded in TRiZ* methods and tools Learn basic TRiZ* knowledge: main axioms, laws of evolution, contradiction model, convergence process, inventive principles, etc. Build innovative offers "yourself, without additional cost", through real-life business and internal cases, to make your customer or partner an innovator! Think differently and more efficiently about problem solving. Help your customer focusing quicker and easier on innovation that matters! 2007 © Pascal Sire 70
  • 71. Conclusion Restate TRiZ main theme Innovation is the process… Success is the result! THANKS! 2007 © Pascal Sire 71
  • 72. * Theory of Inventive Problem Solving INSA Paris Ile de France – Pôles BTP & Automobile Creating value with TRiZ* methods and tools October 16th, 2007 Thanks! Innovation Management Leveraging TRiZ* methods & tools Pascal Sire Innovation Catalyst Mobile: +33 (0) 662 48 52 43 E-mail: pascal.sire@insalien.org