The document discusses several object-oriented (OO) design principles including the single responsibility principle (SRP), open-closed principle (OCP), Liskov substitution principle (LSP), interface segregation principle (ISP), and dependency inversion principle (DIP). It also discusses design patterns, refactoring, and design by contract (DBC) as ways to prevent software decay over time and improve design quality. The key OO principles guide developers to create flexible, maintainable and reusable software designs.