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Ada Oko-Williams - social cultural dynamics
1. Timeyin Uwejamomere,
Senior Policy Analyst (Urban), WaterAid
Email: timeyinuweja@ wateraid.org
Understanding Social Cultural Dynamics in West
Africa;
Imperative for Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene
Programming
Ada Oko-Williams,
WaterAid in Nigeria
Email: adaoko-williams@wateraid.org
Asia regional sanitation and hygiene practitioners workshop 2012 Dhaka,
Bangladesh
www.wateraid.org
2. Content
• Social Cultural context
• Addressing the challenges
WaterAid (2011) Revitalising Community Led Total
Sanitation: A process guide.
• Some more work to do
• My Take Away from the
Meeting
• Further Consideration
3. Social Cultural Context
• Culturally diverse People, tribes, Languages.
• Sanitation is a private Matter
• OD is Beneficial; A sign of Deference to your
benefactor
• You get Gonorrhea, Syphilis and other STI’s
from latrine use.
• Loss of Voodoo Powers
• A “hole can not face a hole”
• Loss of Voodoo Power
4. …Context
• Cross Bar ‘Latrines’ in
the Groves are Places
for Decision making
amongst Men
5.
6. There are some Positives too
• We Care for One another
• Existing Community development groups
• Culture of Self help; Community Initiatives
• Religion is important
7. Addressing the Challenges
• Rigorous Researchs and Evaluations of our
work
• Pre Intervention exercise include Social and
Cultural Discussions
• Trigger Tools are adapted to cultural
settings
• Working with Local Institutions and groups in
Communities
• Message and Communication focus a lot on
Dignity, Prestige and Religious Injunctions
8. Some More Challenges
• Local Embalmment practices of the Grebo
tribe of Maryland County in Liberia.
• Amongst the Fulani’s in West Africa, Excreta
is not found in the open but they have no
latrines.
9. My Take Away
• Disaggregated Poverty Profiling and
Parametres for Sanitation Policy Analysis
• Sanitation Master Plan of the Gov’t of
NEPAL
• Fecal Sludge Management …
It is Coming we must
prepare for it now!!!
10. Leave behinds
• Spend Some more time on reflections &
learning about the approaches before
moving on to another:
• What works and what doesn’t.
• Drivers of Change are more often than not in
the Community… find them.
The Cross Bar Latrine in Ekiti State Nigeria. In Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, the Cross bar latrines are very popular and they provide the space for men to discuss and agree on major decisions in the Communities. Usually located Close to ancestral groves.
The burial process in the community is such that bodies of dead relatives are kept for long periods of time before they are buried. This practice is to allow the family members of the deceased to prepare adequately for a befitting burial. The bodies are hung head down from a tree branch behind the house. A fence of thatch is made around the body but some domestic animals as Chicken are able to go in and out of the fencing from the bottom. Flies have direct access to the body. A local mortician comes to treat the body from time to time; sometimes this body could be kept for up to a year. Eliminating open defecation alone is not enough in these communities… we need to understand what other practices continue to put communities at risks especially health wise even as we target the elimination of Open defection. ( January 2012: Note this is a recent discovery in our work and it is being researched as we hope to collectively find solutions to address this kind of issues)
