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After The Wave
       A pictorial history of the Irish Red Cross
    Indian Ocean Tsunami Relief and Recovery
                         Programme 2005 - 2011
After The Wave
       A pictorial history of the Irish Red Cross
    Indian Ocean Tsunami Relief and Recovery
                         Programme 2005 - 2011
PHOTO CREDITS                                                                                 First published by the Irish Red Cross 2011.

                                                                                              © Irish Red Cross. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
Cover
                                                                                              retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
Jean Marc Romain (Getty Images).
                                                                                              recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the copyright owners.
Contents
Gemunu Amarasinghe (IFRC).                                                                    The Irish Red Cross would like to thank all those who helped in the production of this book, but in
                                                                                              particular the following: Colm Byrne, Kerrie Collett, Paul Conneally, Tim Cummings, Patrick Fuller,
Introduction / Foreword                                                                       Joe Lowry, Necephor Mghendi, Nina Nobel, AnnaMarie O’Carroll, Rebecca Thorn & Noel Wardick.
Arko Datta (REUTERS).
                                                                                              A special word of thanks to Dug Cubie who was an invaluable contributor to the publication.
Ireland
Lensman Photography. MacInnes Photography.                                                    Designed and produced by Zest Creative Solutions, Dublin.

Destruction and Initial Response
Beawiharta (REUTERS). Thierry Gassmann (ICRC). Till Mayer (IFRC). Yoshi Shimizu (IFRC).       ISBN: 978-0-906077-09-2
Ian Woolverton (IFRC). Raqai Yani (IFRC).

Indonesia
Vina Agustina (IFRC). Dug Cubie (IRCS). Andri Irvan (IRCS). Yopie Pangke (IRCS).              The Irish Red Cross,
Fajrin Aruna Setiawan (IRCS). Gail Zulfikar (IRCS).                                           16 Merrion Square,
                                                                                              Dublin 2.
The Maldives
                                                                                              Tel: 01-642 4600
Seth Doane (CNN). Yassin Hameed (The Portrait Gallery). Joe Lowry (IFRC). Giacomo Pirozzi
                                                                                              Email: info@redcross.ie
(UNICEF). Shiran Randeniya (IFRC). Arnaud Vontobel (IFRC). Michael Wardick (IRCS).
                                                                                              www.redcross.ie
Ahmed Zahid (IFRC).

Sri Lanka
Gemunu Amarasinghe (IFRC). Kerrie Collett (IRCS). Noel Coughlan (Galway-Sri Lanka Project).
Patrick Fuller (IFRC). Rukshan Ratnam (IFRC). Noel Wardick (IRCS).
Contents
Message From President McAleese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

INTRODUCTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

BACKGROUND TO THE TSUNAMI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
      Destruction and Initial Response.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

THE RESPONSE IN IRELAND.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

INDONESIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
      Beneficiary Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
      Education.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
      Water and Sanitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
      Humanitarian Responses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
      Farewell Banda Aceh!.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

THE MALDIVES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
      Water, Sanitation and Community Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . 52

SRI LANKA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
         Colombo District.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
         Kalutara District. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
         Ampara District. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
         Batticaloa District. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

THANKS TO DONORS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94


                                                                                                                                                               3
The Fundamental Principles of the
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

HUMANITY                                                                                             INDEPENDENCE
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a desire to bring                     The Movement is independent. The National Societies, while auxiliaries in the
assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours, in its              humanitarian services of their governments and subject to the laws of their
international and national capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever               respective countries, must always maintain their autonomy so that they may
it may be found. Its purpose is to protect life and health and to ensure respect for the             be able at all times to act in accordance with the principles of the Movement.
human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting
peace amongst all peoples.
                                                                                                     VOLUNTARY SERVICE
                                                                                                     It is a voluntary relief movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain.
IMPARTIALITY
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement makes no discrimination as
to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. It endeavours to relieve
                                                                                                     UNITY
the suffering of individuals, being guided solely by their needs, and to give priority to the        There can be only one Red Cross or one Red Crescent Society in any one country.
most urgent cases of distress.                                                                       It must be open to all. It must carry on its humanitarian work throughout its territory.




NEUTRALITY                                                                                           UNIVERSALITY
In order to continue to enjoy the confidence of all, the Movement may not take sides                 The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in which all Societies
in hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or           have equal status and share equal responsibilities and duties in helping each other,
ideological nature.                                                                                  is worldwide.




                                                                                                 4
Message from President McAleese



                                                    U a c h ta r á n n a h É i
                                                                               reann
                                                      President of Irela
                                                                                 nd


             Few of us can forget the
                                      horrific news and images
            St. Stephen’s Day 2004. Sud                          from the other side of the
                                       denly, the word ‘tsunami’                              world that started to rea
                                                                                                                        ch us on
            huge number of people wh                              entered into our conversati
                                      o had been killed, injured                             ons. It was hard to compre
                                                                 or whose lives were shatter                            hend the
            of one single event.                                                            ed in so many countries as
                                                                                                                       the result

           Yet around the world, peo
                                       ple responded in a true out
           Ireland, as we reached in soli                           pouring of humanity and
                                                                                                compassion. No less so tha
                                         darity with the countless me                                                      n here in
           I was honoured to be inv                                    n, women and children wh
                                      olved in many events to                                      o suddenly required our sup
                                                                 support Irish non-governm                                      port.
          officials. On New Year’s Da                                                         ental organisations, mission
                                        y 2005, I witnessed the inc                                                        aries and
          phoned the Irish Red Cro                                   redible generosity of spirit
                                     ss, pledging their time and                                  as hundreds of people visi
                                                                  support for the victims of                                ted and
          dedication and commitme                                                             the Tsunami. I was also stru
                                      nt of the staff and volunt                                                          ck by the
                                                                eers who embodied the pri
          Red Cross ideal.                                                                   nciples and values at the hea
                                                                                                                           rt of the

          The extent of lives lost and
                                         communities destroyed by
          However, the international                                   the Indian Ocean Tsunam
                                      community has been there                                        i in 2004 is still unimagin
                                                                   throughout this difficult task                                 able.
          assistance to those commu                                                                  to provide financial and tec
                                    nities that were worst affecte                                                               hnical
         its partner National Societi                              d. The on-going commitme
                                     es reflects the bonds of frie                                nt of the Irish Red Cross to
                                                                  ndship and collaboration                                     support
         Ireland and Indonesia, the                                                             that have been strenghten
                                    Maldives and Sri Lanka as                                                              ed between
                                                                  a result of this terrible trag
                                                                                                edy.




        Ma ry Mc Al ee se
        Pr es ide nt of Ire la nd
Foreword


The planet we live on can be unpredictable; earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and                   As a direct result of the generosity of the Irish public, over a million people
tsunamis can strike without warning, as we were starkly reminded earlier this year in             have benefited from the Irish Red Cross programmes. Schools and hospitals
Japan. Despite the best efforts of the international community, millions of people are            were reconstructed, clean water supplies re-established, homes rebuilt, livelihoods
affected by natural disasters every year and by the chaos and devastation that they               restored or revived and children supported on their return to education, while
leave in their wake. Since its establishment in 1863, the Red Cross and Red Crescent              innovative communication initiatives promoted dialogue with the disaster affected
Movement has attempted to alleviate the suffering caused through conflict and                     communities enabling them to inform and engage in recovery efforts.
natural disasters.
                                                                                                  Tens of thousands of families continue to directly benefit from the support provided
National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, such as the Indonesian Red Cross                   by you as generous, donors to the Irish Red Cross, and we hope that this book
and the Sri Lankan Red Cross Society, are at the forefront of disaster response activities;       provides an insight into the work we have undertaken on your behalf.
volunteers and staff responded immediately and provided life saving assistance in the
hours, days and weeks after the Indian Ocean Tsunami struck. As the Irish representative
of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, which comprises the
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and each country’s National Society, the Irish Red
Cross has a responsibility to assist our partners when disaster strikes.
Disasters can destroy infrastructure and the social fabric of a community in minutes, but
the rebuilding of that community may take many years. The extent of the Indian Ocean
Tsunami meant that following the immediate emergency response phase; there was a
need for continued support and assistance. Working with our partner National Societies
                                                                                                                                              David J O’Callaghan
in the countries affected, the Irish Red Cross Tsunami Relief and Recovery Programme
was developed as a multi-year response to the immediate and long-term needs of the                                                           David J O’Callaghan
communities worst affected in Indonesia, the Maldives and Sri Lanka.                                                                         Chairman - Irish Red Cross




                                                                                              6
A Sri Lankan man holds an umbrella as he cycles past an overcast bay in the town of Kalmunai on Sri Lanka’s east coast - 19 January 2005. REUTERS/Arko Datta.




                                       7
Introduction


Tsu•na•mi                                                                                         As a part of the largest humanitarian network in the world, the Red Cross Red Crescent
                                                                                                  Movement, the Irish Red Cross Society responded immediately to the disaster and
Noun (pl. same or –mis) A long high sea wave caused
                                                                                                  launched an emergency appeal for the victims of the Tsunami on 27th December
by an earthquake, underwater landslide or other disturbance.
                                                                                                  2004. This appeal raised over e32 million thanks to the enormous generosity of many
Origin: late 19th century Japanese - from tsu “harbour” + nami “wave”                             individuals, groups, schools, companies and their employees, and remains the largest
                                                                                                  amount ever raised by the Irish Red Cross for a single disaster.

On 26th December 2004, a massive earthquake measuring 9.15 on the Richter scale                   The dedication and strength of the Irish Red Cross membership network, and the Irish
struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. It was the most powerful earthquake the world         public, was clearly in evidence as the massive public appeal was rolled out in the first
had seen in a generation, releasing the equivalent energy of 23,000 Hiroshima bombs.              few weeks and months of 2005. The commitment shown through the range of events,
The epicentre was some 150km south of the town of Meulaboh and 250km from Banda                   donations and offers of support provided in solidarity with communities on the other
Aceh, the capital of Aceh Province, in northern Indonesia. The earthquake was particularly        side of the world so tragically hit by an unpredictable natural disaster, was humbling for
destructive as it originated close to the earth’s surface, some 30km below the floor of the       all involved in the response.
Indian Ocean.                                                                                     In the seven years that followed, the Irish Red Cross has had the privilege of working
The earthquake generated a massive tsunami wave that travelled rapidly through the                closely with our own membership across Ireland, and also with our colleagues in the
Indian Ocean, striking beachfront areas in fourteen countries with catastrophic results           International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Key relationships and partnerships
in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, India and Bangladesh, as well as other           have been built with the communities affected as well as with Indonesian Red Cross
Asian and East African countries, killing more than 226,000 people across the region.             (PMI), the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society, the International Federation of Red Cross and
                                                                                                  Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC),
The tsunami travelled at terrifying high speeds and 45 minutes after the earthquake it hit        and numerous other National Societies including the German Red Cross, Canadian
the Aceh coastline and within minutes had swept clean an 800km coastal strip of Aceh –            Red Cross, American Red Cross, Finnish Red Cross and the newly established
equivalent to the distance between Dublin and Paris. Nearly 166,000 people were killed            Maldivian Red Crescent. During the period 2005 to 2011 the International Department
in Indonesia alone, with nearly 600,000 of those surviving finding themselves homeless            of the Irish Red Cross grew substantially and at one point had over one hundred local
as their houses were swept away or left in ruins. The Tsunami caused unimaginable                 national staff and twelve expatriate delegates working on Irish Red Cross projects in Sri
devastation and the scale of the damage to the local economies, infrastructure, and               Lanka, Indonesia and the Maldives.
administration was unprecedented. In an instant, the livelihoods and security of
                                                                                                  Through the development of our comprehensive 7-year Tsunami Relief and Recovery
hundreds of thousands of people all across the Indian Ocean, from Somalia to
                                                                                                  Programme for Indonesia, the Maldives and Sri Lanka, the Irish Red Cross was committed
Malaysia, were ruined.
                                                                                                  to ensuring that the trust placed in us by the Irish public through their donations to our
Then, only three months later, another major earthquake struck the island of Nias                 Tsunami appeal was well placed. We hope to show through this Pictorial History of
also off the Indonesian coast, causing yet more death, injuries and destruction.                  our Tsunami operations the range and breadth of work that has been undertaken and
The magnitude of these events triggered an amazing outpouring of compassion and                   continues to take place with these donations, and how the generosity of the Irish
generosity from around the world. Private citizens provided huge amounts of support,              public has had a direct benefit for communities which were so devastated on
and donors pledged generously to help the survivors.                                              December 26th, 2004.




                                                                                              8
World Press Photo of the Year 2004. Cuddalore, India - 28 December 2004. REUTERS/Arko Datta.




9
Background to the Tsunami
Sunday 26th December 2004 (all times local)

7.59am                                                                                              10.01am
A massive underwater earthquake strikes off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.           The Tsunami strikes Bangladesh, where two children die. Scientists attribute the relatively
The quake, the world’s biggest in four decades, lasts nearly 10 minutes, displacing billions        low death toll to a shallow seabed along the coast caused by natural sedimentation.
of tonnes of water along a line of ocean trench as long as Italy.
                                                                                                    Elsewhere the Tsunami hits, witnesses report the sea receding and exposing the ocean
The 9.15-magnitude quake causes the entire planet to vibrate, releasing energy equivalent           floor before the onslaught of the waves. They liken the sound of the Tsunami to the roar
to 23,000 Hiroshima-type atomic bombs and triggering other earthquakes as far away                  of freight trains.
as Alaska.
                                                                                                    WITHIN THE THIRD HOUR
AT 7.59AM                                                                                           •	 Tsunami hits Bangladesh, killing two
•	   Earthquake strikes off coast of Indonesia                                                      •	 Country protected by ‘Continental shelf’
•	   9.15 on the Richter scale
•	   Lasts nearly 10 minutes
•	   As powerful as 23,000 Hiroshima bombs                                                          11.21am
8.15am                                                                                              Seismologists record a 7.1-magnitude aftershock. Ten minutes later the Tsunami hits
                                                                                                    the Maldives, killing 108 people. The waves surge across the low-lying island nation,
                                                                                                    completely inundating 73 of the 199 inhabited islands. For a period of time, Maldivians
Waves as high as six-story buildings hit northern Sumatra and the city of Banda Aceh,               think their islands have sunk underwater. In Myanmar, 61 people die.
ploughing inland for up to 3 kilometres. The disaster claims almost 166,000 lives in
Indonesia. To the north, tidal waves slam into India’s Andaman and Nicobar islands.                 WITHIN THE FOURTH HOUR
                                                                                                    •	 7.1-magnitude aftershock adds to panic
WITHIN FIRST HOUR                                                                                   •	 Maldives completely inundated
•	 8.15am – Tsunami hits west coast of Aceh province                                                •	 Dozens killed in Myanmar
•	 Waves up to 20 metres high
•	 166,000 killed in Indonesia
                                                                                                    12.30pm (and beyond)
9.45am                                                                                              The Tsunami sweeps into Malaysia, killing more than 70 people. On the other side of
                                                                                                    the Indian Ocean, waves roar towards Mauritius, Madagascar and East Africa. In the
Waves travelling as fast as jet planes roar across the Indian Ocean. They slow down and             Seychelles, low-lying coastal roads are flooded. Along the coast of Somalia, more than
gain height as they reach shallow water, striking the coasts of Sri Lanka, Thailand and             300 people die.
mainland India. A combined 60,000 people will perish in those countries.
                                                                                                    FIFTH HOUR AND BEYOND
WITHIN THE SECOND HOUR                                                                              •	 Waves travel as far as East Africa
•	 Waves reach speeds of 800 km per hour                                                            •	 More than 300 killed in Somalia
•	 Tsunami strikes Sri Lanka, India and Thailand
•	 Kills a combined 60,000 people




                                                                                               10
N




                                                                                                       Nepal                           Bhutan                                                                               S


                                                                                                                 Bangladesh
                                                                                                                                                        Myanmar
                                                                                       India                                                                                       Laos
                                                                                                                                Bay
                                     a
                                   fric




                                                                                                                             of Bengal
                                  st A




                                                                                                                                                                           Thailand
                       s Ea




                                                                                                                                                                                              Vietnam
            s far a




                                                                                                                                    Andaman
                                                                                                                                    Islands                                       Cambodia           South
be yo nd) - Wa v e s t ra vel a




                                                                                                                                                                                                    China Sea
                                                                                                          Indian Ocean
                                                                                                                                       Nicobar
                                                                                                                                       Islands

                                                                                      Sri Lanka                                                                                      Malaysia
                                                                                                                                            entre
                                                                                                                                              pic




                                                                       Maldives                                                                     E
                                                                                                                             5am
   pm (and




                                                                                                                                                        7.59am -
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Borneo
                                                                                                                              8.1
                                                                                                        5am
             12.30




                                                                                           am



                                                                                                         9.4




                                                                                                                                                                                  Indonesia
                                                                                             .01
                                                                                am




                                                                                                                                                                                                Java Sea
                                                                                               10
                                                                                 .21
                                                                                   11




                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Bali



                                   Human Impact                                 Physical Damage                                     Reconstruction
                                   Killed and Missing 226,000 in 14 countries   Structures Destroyed             470,000            Cost of Recovery               8.7 billion
                                   Displaced People              1.8 million    Losses & Damages              8.6 billion          Aid Pledged                11.2 billion




                                  In a few short hours, the Tsunami claimed 226,000 lives in 14 countries and made almost 2 million people homeless. It triggered an unprecedented global outpouring of aid – over e11 billion
                                  was pledged by the international community as the extent of the devastation became clear. Seven years after one of the worst natural disasters in living memory, many of the communities have
                                  rebuilt large parts of their lives, but the events of that terrible day continue to impact all those affected.
Destruction and Initial Response
The generous support of people in Ireland contributed to the immediate alleviation of suffering in the early days of the
emergency response of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. This generosity was used to support search and rescue
operations and to provide food, water, shelter and medical assistance, essential, to survival in the immediate aftermath
of a disaster.




                                                                                               12
The Earthquake which struck off the coast of Sumatra caused Tsunami waves of up to 20 metres leaving devastation, horror and grief in its wake. Opposite Page: Banda Aceh in northern Indonesia
was one of the many towns leveled to the ground by the powerful tidal wave, with houses reduced to piles of rubble and communities devastated. Top Right: A Sri Lankan man M.K. Ahula, who lost
7 members of his family, stands amid the ruins in Galle, Sri Lanka.




                                                                                             13
Destruction and Initial Response


Teams of ICRC-supported volunteers from the Indonesian Red Cross have the grim task of searching and recovering
dead bodies from the rubble of Aceh, Indonesia.




                                                                                          14
Top: A Red Cross fleet of nearly 100 heavy-duty M6 trucks transports hundreds of tonnes of relief and recovery supplies to tsunami survivors. Bottom left: Relatives search and consult notice boards
for news of lost family and friends on a list published by the Red Cross of those found alive after the tsunami. Bottom right: As part of the Restoring Family Links service, ICRC and Indonesia Red Cross
run a tracing office to assist tsunami survivors in their search for relatives missing following the tsunami.




                                                                                                   15
Destruction and Initial Response


                                        Family links are restored through the assistance of the Red Cross. While too many perished in
                                        the disaster, there were thousands of scenes like this one below where a husband is reunited
                                        with his wife




                                   16
Within hours of the tsunami striking, the Red Cross Red Crescent relief network swung into action. On the ground local branches mobilised their volunteers to provide immediate humanitarian
assistance in affected tsunami countries.




                                                                                            17
The Response in Ireland
Public response: The global response to the horrific scenes which were broadcast                    in the United States, Ireland and Australia which raised more than £3.5 million for the
around the world following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami was unprecedented. No                      International Red Cross Red Crescent response.
less so in Ireland, where there was a massive outpouring of support and sympathy for
the countries affected, and people across the country reacted by offering their services to         Immediate support provided: To ease some of the immediate suffering caused by the
support the Irish Red Cross fundraising efforts. Staff and volunteers of the Irish Red Cross        devastation, on 28th December 2004 the Irish Red Cross donated e3 million to the
returned immediately to work from their Christmas holidays and were back at their desks             Emergency Appeal of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
by late afternoon on December 26th, only hours after the Tsunami had struck.                        Societies (IFRC). This funding was used to support the urgent recovery operations, through
                                                                                                    the provision of clean and safe water, emergency shelter and search and rescue activities.
Reflecting the unprecedented level of the public response, the Irish Red Cross received
generous offers of support from people to help answer phones, distribute collection                 The bulk of the remaining e29 million raised was spent on both emergency and recovery
buckets and raise funds both in Head Office in Dublin and through our network of                    projects over the next seven years. While the Irish Red Cross Tsunami response had scaled
branches around the country. As teams of volunteers worked continuously in the days                 down significantly by early 2010, the organisation continues to be involved in longer term
and weeks following the Tsunami, local businesses showed their support by providing free            development projects in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Maldives.
sandwiches and refreshments for the volunteers and staff, and local financial institutions
provided experienced staff to assist in the secure handling of the massive amounts of cash
being donated.
In recognition of this true expression of the Red Cross Red Crescent principles of humanity
and voluntary service, President Mary McAleese, and her family visited the Irish Red Cross
Head Office on New Year’s Day 2005 to provide her own encouragement for the tireless
work being undertaken by staff and volunteers.
Civic leaders also provided support, including the then Lord Mayor of Dublin, Michael
Conaghan, who kindly threw open the doors of the Mansion House to accept donations
during the holiday period. Dublin City Council staff also accepted donations for the
Tsunami appeal at their offices.

Fundraising activities: Representatives of An Garda Síochána and Civil Defence were
extremely active in the fundraising efforts, with the Gardaí save guarding Tsunami funds
raised in pubs and restaurants around the country during the New Year’s festivities and
representatives of the Civil Defence forces organising and holding numerous street
collections.

Irish Red Cross branch members organised numerous events to raise funds for the Irish Red
Cross appeal, as well as supporting other local events being run to help Tsunami victims.
All fundraising efforts were co-ordinated by the dedicated staff at Head Office in Merrion
Square, Dublin.

The nationwide fundraising campaign was generously supported by the business community
which came out in force for the victims of the Tsunami, with many businesses simply
donating funds from within their own resources, while others matched Euro-for-Euro the
funds raised by their staff. On 7th January 2005, companies across Ireland supported
employees who participated in the Irish Red Cross “Work a Day for Free”, with employers
facilitating the donation to the Irish Red Cross of staff salaries for the day.
Other innovative fund raising events undertaken by the business community included
the Coolmore Stud organising an international auction for access to their 50 stallions




                                                                                               18
19
Indonesia




                     Indonesia
Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar         Country information: Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the         The massive relief operation undertaken by the international community took
                     world, with over 240 million people inhabiting 6,000 of the country’s 17,500      place under extremely difficult conditions. Not only had the entire Province
                     islands, which span over 6,500km. The majority of the population live on the      been devastated by the Tsunami, but access was incredibly challenging
  Aceh Jaya          islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. Indonesia’s location    due to its remote location and the long running armed conflict between the
                     on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian and Australian tectonic plates results in   Government and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). The Tsunami operation
                     frequent and powerful earthquakes across the archipelago. Prior to 2004, the      in Aceh and Nias was one of the largest and most complex operations in the
  Banda Aceh         worst tsunami to hit Indonesia was in 1883 when Mount Krakatoa erupted,           history of the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement.
                     killing over 36,000 people.
                                                                                                       The Irish Red Cross provided immediate financial and personnel assistance to
  Nagan Raya         Impact of the Tsunami: The Province of Aceh in northern Sumatra was the           our international Red Cross Movement partners. However, it quickly became
                     worst-affected by the Tsunami, with the epicentre of the 9.15 earthquake          apparent that the needs were so great that we had a responsibility to
                     striking underwater between Aceh and the island of Simeulue with the force        establish a presence on the ground to organise assistance directly. So, the
  Pulo Aceh Island   of 23,000 Hiroshima bombs. The entire coast of Aceh bore the brunt of the         Irish Red Cross undertook a series of critically important and innovative
                     waves, with the towns of Banda Aceh, Meulaboh and Calang being destroyed          programmes covering education, beneficiary communications, water and
                     in minutes. This close to the earthquake’s epicentre, the waves were over         sanitation, as well as emergency response to subsequent disasters such
  Sabang Island      20m high and swept through everything in their path.                              as earthquakes in Yogyakarta and Padang.


                     Nearly 166,000 people were killed or disappeared in Aceh Province alone,          During the five years that the Irish Red Cross had an office in Banda Aceh,
Central Java         and nearly 180,000 homes were destroyed. Then on 28th March 2005, barely          over 100 people worked for us and, through our close connections with the
                     three months later, the nearby island of Nias was hit by another massive          local communities, Irish Red Cross staff and volunteers became a familiar and
                     earthquake which claimed hundreds more lives and wreaked havoc on the             popular sight in Aceh. In December 2009 we formally closed our office in

  Yogyakarta         already strained local infrastructure.                                            Banda Aceh. However, we handed over aspects of our work, and some staff
                                                                                                       to PMI through agreements to fund ongoing activities during 2010 and 2011
                     Irish Red Cross response: The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) responded                to ensure that the hard work and dedication of all the Irish Red Cross staff in

West Sumatra         immediately, and PMI staff and volunteers showed unbelievable courage and         Aceh continues to make an impact into the future.
                     humanity in assisting people in their time of greatest need, and in organising
                     the grim task of collecting the bodies of those killed.

  Padang




                                                                                         20
Thailand



Indonesia
                                                                                                                                                     South China Sea


                                                                                                                   Aceh                Malaysia
                                                                                                                  Province
                                                                                                                                      Kuala Lumpur


                                                                                                                                             Singapore

                                                                                                                                   Sumatra                               Borneo
                                                                                                                                Padang
                                                                   Andaman Sea
                                                                                                                             Indonesia                                 Java Sea

                                                   Sabang                                                                                                Jakarta

                                           Pulo
                                           Aceh                                                                                                            Yogyakarta
                                  Banda Aceh        Aceh
                                                    Besar
                        N                                                           Aceh
                                                            Aceh
                                                            Jaya
                                                                                   Province
                                                  Calang           Aceh
                                                                   Barat
                                                                           Nagan
                                                                           Raya

                        S                                                           Aceh
                                                                                    Barat
                                                               Meulaboh             Daya




 Human Impact
 Killed and Missing           165,949
 Injured                       Unkown
                                                                      Simeulue
 Displaced People             572,926
                                                                                            Aceh Singkil
 Physical Damage
 Structures Destroyed          179,312
 Losses & Damages           3.6 billion
                                                                                                           Nias
                                                                                                                                                                   Sumatra
 Reconstruction
 Cost of Recovery           4.4 billion
 Aid Pledged                4.2 billion




                                                                                                                                                                   Padang




                                                                                            21
Indonesia            Beneficiary Communications
Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh                                                         Community Advocacy: Following a major natural disaster such
                                                                     as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the need by disaster affected
                                                                     communities for accurate and reliable information is as fundamental
                                                                     as food, shelter and medical assistance. As over 300 international
  Nagan Raya                                                         organisations arrived in Banda Aceh in early 2005, the Irish Red
                                                                     Cross realised that there was a need for detailed information on
                                                                     the recovery operation to be provided to the local communities.
                                                                     Various media such as newspapers, newsletters, bulletin boards
  Pulo Aceh Island                                                   and radio were used to ensure information about Red Cross
                                                                     programmes reached all levels of the affected communities.
                                                  Opposite Page
  Sabang Island                                   A group of children read a cartoon story of the Red Cross Red Crescent humanitarian
                                                  efforts in providing services to Tsunami-affected communities. The edition celebrates
                                                  the anniversary of World Red Cross and Red Crescent day. The Irish Red Cross
                                                  newspaper, Rumoh PMI, covered the reconstruction and rehabilitation issues in
Central Java                                      Aceh Province and Nias Island with over 50,000 free copies delivered each month to
                                                  Tsunami-affected communities.


  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                          22
23
Beneficiary Communications

Indonesia
                                                       Radio: Rumoh PMI, which means House of PMI, was the title chosen by the Irish
                                                       Red Cross for our newspaper and radio services in Aceh. The Rumoh PMI radio
                                                       services provided by the Irish Red Cross allowed local communities to directly input
Aceh Province                                          into the debates and discussions around the rebuilding of their communities which
                                                       had been destroyed by the Tsunami.

                                                       Below: Irish Red Cross radio reporter, Isana Burhan, interviews students about disaster
  Aceh Barat                                           preparedness stimulation activities held in their school.
                                                       


  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                                  24
25
Beneficiary Communications

Indonesia


Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya
                     Television: In early 2009, the Irish Red Cross aired the first of 19 TV chat shows, called
                     Warung Kopi Rumoh PMI (Indonesian Red Cross Coffee Shop), which allowed local
                     people the chance to ask questions of local authorities, the Red Cross and other aid
  Pulo Aceh Island   agencies about the recovery work being undertaken in Aceh Province.



  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                                                                               26
27
Indonesia            Education
Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra
                                       Back-to-School Assistance: With so many people killed across Aceh, there was a real risk of a “lost generation” of children who had been traumatised by the
                                       Tsunami and had lost some or all of their family. Working closely with PMI, the Irish Red Cross developed a Secondary Education Cash Assistance Programme
                                       (SECAP) to provide cash assistance to vulnerable children so that they could return to school.
  Padang             S E C A P
                     SECONDARY         In total, over 7,800 students benefitted from the SECAP programme between 2005 and 2011 and the Irish Red Cross SECAP staff developed close links with
                     EDUCATION
                     CASH ASSISTANCE   students and schools across Aceh. Amy Tyndall (top right) presents an award to a student on Sabang Island, while SECAP field staff (bottom left) spent much
                     PROGRAMME
                                       of their time supporting families to ensure that students who had returned to school were continuing their studies.




                                                                                         28
29
Education

Indonesia


Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                 30
As well as cash grants, the SECAP programme developed life skills training, buddy support and
mentoring for the children, and assistance for the non-formal education system. Support from PMI
and the Banda Aceh authorities, including the Vice-Mayor of Banda Aceh Ms. Illiza Sa’Aduddin
Djamal (right) were instrumental in the success of the project.

Top Right: The cash grants provided by the SECAP programme meant that students were able to buy
shoes, uniforms and other school supplies, as well as cover the cost of transport to and from school.
Without SECAP support, all these costs may have made it prohibitive for a student like Mahdia from
Lamno, Aceh Jaya, to attend school.




                                                                                                        31
Education

Indonesia


Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                 32
School Construction: While many families were in need of assistance to ensure that their children were able to return to school, there
was also a huge need to rebuild the physical infrastructure of the education system. Through partnership with the German Red Cross,
the Irish Red Cross funded the construction of five schools on the remote island of Pulo Aceh and one school in Banda Aceh.

Opposite page, bottom left: Irish Red Cross Country Representative Dan Prewitt, Community Outreach Programme Manager Helena
Rea and Head of the International Department, Noel Wardick on the boat to Pulo Aceh which was the sole means of getting personnel
and materials onto the island.




                          33
Education

Indonesia


Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya
                     Irish Red Cross and German Red Cross staff worked closely on the schools construction,
                     with joint monitoring visits arranged to Pulo Aceh Island on a regular basis.

  Banda Aceh         Right: Irish Red Cross Secretary General John Roycroft and Head of the International
                     Department, Noel Wardick, on the Australian Red Cross boat “The Solferino” en
                     route to Pulo Aceh, December 2008.

  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                                                                            34
35
Indonesia            Water and Sanitation
Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra

                                                 Temporary Living Shelters: The water and sanitation needs in Aceh Province
                                                 following the Tsunami were massive. As temporary living shelters were established for
  Padang                                         the hundreds of thousands of people who had lost their homes, the Irish Red Cross
                                                 developed an innovative approach to provide improved access to water and sanitation,
                                                 through numerous small-scale activities to fill the gaps left by larger projects, including
                                                 providing cleaning tools and improving drainage channels.




                                            36
37
Water and Sanitation

Indonesia


Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang             Community Based Projects: As homes were rebuilt, people moved out of the temporary living shelters. Continuing the community-led approach to water and sanitation, the Irish
                     Red Cross worked directly with communities to identify their own needs, such as this project at Deah Mamplam in Aceh Besar District to improve access to clean water. Parallel
                     to the physical infrastructure which was built, Irish Red Cross staff worked with communities to establish volunteer water and sanitation committees to maintain the water systems
                     put in place and to promote good hygiene practices for the adults and children.




                                                                                           38
39
Water and Sanitation

Indonesia


Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                            40
The positive impact that a permanent water tower, such as was constructed by the Irish Red Cross in
     Labuy village (far left) or plumbed toilets, such as those built in 11 schools (above) has on the health
     and well-being of a community cannot be underestimated.




41
Indonesia            Humanitarian Responses
Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh                                  Yogyakarta Earthquake: Indonesia is located in one of the most active geological
                                              areas of the world, and earthquakes are unfortunately a common occurrence across
                                              the country. From our base in Banda Aceh, the Irish Red Cross was able to send staff
                                              and assistance following two such events. In May 2006, an earthquake measuring
  Nagan Raya                                  6.3 on the Richter scale hit Yogyakarta on the island of Java and claimed more than
                                              5,700 lives. Then in September and October 2009 two large earthquakes struck near
                                              to Padang on the island of Sumatra killing nearly 1,200 people and destroying over
                                              250,000 houses.
  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                         42
43
Humanitarian Responses

Indonesia


Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang


                     In the wake of the May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake, the Irish Red Cross provided assistance to affected households with the technical, material and financial assistance to build
                     their own durable, earthquake-resistant bamboo framed temporary shelters.




                                                                                          44
Padang Earthquake: A team of four Irish Red Cross staff members from our Community Outreach
Programme were sent to Padang following the earthquakes in September and October 2009. Delegate
Will Rogers, Project Manager Helena Rea, Photographer Gail Zulfikar, and Radio Director Nusafri
spent two weeks assisting PMI and the IFRC provide accurate information to the affected communities
hit by the earthquake. This included linking up our Rumoh PMI radio station and Warung Kopi TV
show in Banda Aceh to the Padang region so that information could be communicated effectively
without the need to establish new structures in the midst of the destruction of Padang.




                                                                                                      45
Indonesia            Farewell Banda Aceh!
Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                            46
St. Patrick’s Day: Despite the challenging work undertaken on a daily basis, everyone is Irish on St Patrick’s Day, so 17th March 2009 was a time for celebration by the team in Banda Aceh, and an excuse to wear green.




                                                                                                          47
Farewell Banda Aceh!

Indonesia


Aceh Province




  Aceh Barat




  Aceh Barat Daya




  Aceh Besar




  Aceh Jaya




  Banda Aceh




  Nagan Raya




  Pulo Aceh Island




  Sabang Island




Central Java




  Yogyakarta




West Sumatra




  Padang




                                            48
Irish Red Cross Society
                                                                                                                    Tsunami Relief  Recovery Programme
                                                                                                                                 2005 – 2011
                                                                                                                                                     Indonesia
                                                                                                         Health  Care                                                                     No of beneficiaries

                                                                                                         Access to an improved water source:
                                                                                                                • Water and sanitation projects in transitional shelters                          2,780
                                                                                                                • Washing shelters and household wells                                           14,000
                                                                                                                • Household and community connections to mains water supply                        596
                                                                                                                • Community water supply systems                                                  3,796
                                                                                                         Improved waste management facilities or improved latrines                               17,138
                                                                                                         Community hygiene promotion training of trainers                                          352
                                                                                                         Community hygiene promotion trainings and promotional materials                          5,884
                                                                                                                                                                     Total beneficiaries         44,546

                                                                                                         Shelter  Community Construction                                                  No of beneficiaries

                                                                                                         Permanent houses                                                                           51
                                                                                                         Schools (construction and rehabilitation)                                                 831
                                                                                                                                                                     Total beneficiaries           882

                                                                                                         Livelihoods                                                                       No of beneficiaries

                                                                                                         Individuals that have received education support grants                                  7,843
                                                                                                                                                                     Total beneficiaries          7,843

                                                                                                         Beneficiary Communication                                                          No of beneficiaries
                                                                                                         Cases facilitated by the Community Advocacy Unit                                        9,100
                                                                                                         Rumoh - PMI newspaper                                                               98,392 (per edition)
                                                                                                         Radio programmes                                                                     90,447 (per hour)
                                                                                                         TV shows                                                                            78,835 (per episode)
                                                                                                                                                                     Total beneficiaries        276,774

                                                                                                         Disaster Management                                                               No of beneficiaries
Opposite page, top: Irish Red Cross Country Representative Tim Cummings draws the Irish Red Cross
operations to a close in December 2009, and thanks everyone involved. While the Irish Red Cross          Support for ICRC emergency humanitarian activities                                       2,480
Banda Aceh office has now closed, we handed over the Rumoh PMI radio station and the SECAP                                                                           Total beneficiaries          2,480
education programme to the Indonesian Red Cross who continue to work with the most vulnerable
of society, with the ongoing support of the Irish Red Cross.




                                                                                                    49
The Maldives

Haa Alifu




                 The Maldives
Haa Dhaalu

Shaviyani

Raa

  Dhuvvaafaru

Noonu

Baa
                 Country information: The Maldives is a chain of more than 1,100 islands in       Irish Red Cross response: Due to the large scale destruction of vital
Lhaviyani        the Indian Ocean, separated into 26 atolls with a land surface area of less      community infrastructure, the international Red Cross Red Crescent
                 than 300km2, making it one of the smallest and most disparate countries in       Movement undertook a co-ordinated approach to rebuilding, not just the
Kaafu
                 the world. Situated off the tip of the Indian sub-continent, the Maldives lies   houses which had been destroyed but also the community infrastructure
  Maafushi       about 700km south-west of Sri Lanka. While the Maldives is renowned for          and social networks which had been so severely impacted. The Irish Red
                 the beauty of its tropical islands, and is a popular holiday destination, life   Cross took an active part in this rebuilding through funding the construction
  Guraidhoo      is dominated by the ocean and is extremely vulnerable to natural disasters.      of entirely new sewerage systems on three islands (Dh.Kudahuvadhoo,
                 Most of the islands only stand 1.5m about sea level, so any change in sea        K.Maafushi and K.Guraidhoo).
Alifu Alifu
                 conditions can have a massive impact on the life of the country. Recently,
Male             the threatened impact of climate change led the Maldivian Government to          In partnership with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
                 hold an underwater Cabinet meeting to highlight the potentially catastrophic     Crescent Societies (IFRC), the Irish Red Cross sewer system linked into an
Alifu Dhaalu
                 impact of even a small increase in sea levels.                                   American Red Cross funded project aimed at upgrading and replacing
Vaavu                                                                                             household septic tanks on these three islands. By taking this co-ordinated
                 Impact of the Tsunami: The Tsunami crashed into the low lying islands            approach, the communities on the three islands have been ensured clean
Faafu            of the Maldives around 12 noon on 26th December 2004, completely                 and safe water, and the natural environment has been improved dramatically
                 inundating 73 of the 199 inhabited islands. While the loss of life was           as raw sewage is no longer being pumped into the surrounding waters.
Meemu
                 thankfully lower than in many surrounding countries, the waves swept             In addition to providing over e4.4 million in funding to the IFRC for
Dhaalu           across the island nation destroying homes, businesses and infrastructure         this project, between 2005 and 2008, three Irish Red Cross Delegates
                 and displacing a large proportion of the 300,000 inhabitants. Along with         were seconded to the IFRC to provide expert advice and assistance on
  Kudahavadhoo
                 Indonesia and Sri Lanka, the Maldives was one of the countries worst             construction, IT and communications related matters.
                 affected by the Tsunami. It is estimated that the damage caused equated
Thaa
                 to over 60% of the country’s GDP and one in every ten persons was                The Irish Red Cross continues to be actively engaged in the Maldives,
Laamu            displaced – translating to more people per capita than in any other              with an Irish Red Cross Delegate becoming the Head of Delegation for
                 affected country.                                                                the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. During
Gaafu Alifu
                                                                                                  2011, Irish Red Cross is funding a three year project promoting cultures of
Gaafu Dhaalu                                                                                      non-violence and child protection in local communities in the Maldives.

Gnaviyani

Seenu




                                                                                       50
N       S

The Maldives
- 26 Atolls
                                                                  Maafushi
                                                                                Guraidhoo
                                                                                                                                          Indian Ocean
                                                          Kaafu
                                       Lhaviyani
                                                                          Male            Vaavu
                                                                                                                       Meemu                         Laamu                          Gnaviyani
                           Noonu
                                                                                                                                                             Gaafu Alifu




                       Haa                                                                                                                                                                      Seenu
                                  Shaviyani
                      Dhaalu                                                                                                                                               Gaafu Dhaalu
                                                                                                        Alifu Dhaalu

                                                                                                                                              Thaa
           Haa                                      Raa
           Alifu                                                                                                                 Dhaalu
                                                                                                                       Faafu


                                                                         Baa           Alifu
                                                                                       Alifu
                                        Dhuvvaafaru                                                                                           Kudahuvadhoo




 Human Impact                           Physical Damage                              Reconstruction
 Killed and Missing        108          Structures Destroyed           6,000         Cost of Recovery                          300 million
 Injured                  1,313         Losses  Damages          377million        Aid Pledged                               280million
 Displaced People        29,577




                                                                                             51
The Maldives     Water, Sanitation and Community Construction
Haa Alifu

Haa Dhaalu

Shaviyani

Raa

  Dhuvvaafaru

Noonu

Baa

Lhaviyani

Kaafu

  Maafushi

  Guraidhoo
                                             Community Sewerage Systems: The old system of sewage outfall on Maafushi Island
                                             (top left) pumped raw sewage straight into the sea. The Irish Red Cross funded
Alifu Alifu
                                             sewage system was built to collect wastewater from houses and community buildings
                                             and discharge the effluent safely beyond the lagoon. This prevents pollution of the
Male                                         groundwater, and ensures disposal of wastewater in an environmentally safe manner,
                                             while also improving the health of the local populations who live and work so closely
Alifu Dhaalu                                 to the sea.

Vaavu                                        Below: Maldives Environment and Water Minister, Ahmed Abdullah, and the
                                             International Federation’s Head of Delegation in the Maldives, Jerry Talbot, dig
Faafu                                        symbolic shovels into sandy soil to mark the start of construction of the community
                                             sewerage system on Maafushi Island in August 2006.
Meemu

Dhaalu

  Kudahavadhoo

Thaa

Laamu

Gaafu Alifu

Gaafu Dhaalu

Gnaviyani

Seenu




                                      52
Despite being 99% water, and vulnerable to rising sea levels, the Maldives is chronically short of fresh
     water. People rely on rainwater and the limited groundwater trapped beneath the islands. However,
     the Tsunami ruined the groundwater supplies, so the International Red Cross and Red Crescent
     Movement developed a comprehensive water programme, including building 15 supplementary water
     systems on the islands in most need, and installed over 100,000 rainwater harvesting tanks.

     Left: Irish Red Cross staff members Michael Wardick and Joe Lowry at the groundbreaking ceremony
     to commemorate the start of work on the community sewerage system on Maafushi Island in August
     2006.




53
Water, Sanitation and Community Construction

The Maldives

Haa Alifu

Haa Dhaalu

Shaviyani

Raa

  Dhuvvaafaru

Noonu

Baa

Lhaviyani

Kaafu

  Maafushi

  Guraidhoo

Alifu Alifu                                                     Bottom Left: The territory of the Maldives is made up of 99 per cent saltwater.
                                                                Supplementary water systems were installed, which provided much needed fresh water
                                                                supplies to communities. Bottom Middle: The tsunami also damaged or destroyed
Male
                                                                thousands of houses like this one shown here. The International Red Cross and Red
                                                                Crescent Movement adopted a “build back better” approach to reconstruction in the
Alifu Dhaalu
                                                                Maldives.

Vaavu

Faafu

Meemu

Dhaalu

  Kudahavadhoo

Thaa

Laamu

Gaafu Alifu

Gaafu Dhaalu

Gnaviyani

Seenu




                                                     54
The people of the Maldives are closely connected to the sea, and fishing is the life-blood for many
families. Following the Tsunami, there was an urgent need to replace lost and damaged fishing boats
and equipment, and was one of the key priorities for the Maldivian Government and humanitarian
agencies.

Below: International Department staff member Colm Byrne inspects a rainwater harvesting tank on
one of the newly constructed houses on Guraidhoo Island in November 2006.




                                                                                                      55
Water, Sanitation and Community Construction

The Maldives

Haa Alifu

Haa Dhaalu

Shaviyani

Raa

  Dhuvvaafaru

Noonu

Baa

Lhaviyani                                                       Community Reconstruction: The Irish Red Cross was actively involved in the
                                                                community reconstruction process through the secondment of construction, IT and
Kaafu                                                           communications experts to the IFRC. Irish Red Cross staff member, Tanya Pocock
                                                                (above), spent more than a year in the the Maldives assisting in the development of
  Maafushi                                                      comprehensive IT systems to support the local communities.

  Guraidhoo                                                     In March 2006, Irish Red Cross Secretary General, Carmel Dunne (below), visited the
                                                                Maldives as part of an international Red Cross and Red Crescent Delegation, and met
Alifu Alifu                                                     owners of new homes on Maafushi Island. This was one of 14 International Federation-
                                                                built homes on the island that were connected to the community sewerage system.
Male
                                                                Left: Rashida Zakaria, with two of her 12 children, who were all displaced by the
                                                                Tsunami sitting outside their new home on Kudahuvadhoo Island.
Alifu Dhaalu

Vaavu                                                           Opposite Page
                                                                Construction workers installing household septic tanks on Guraidhoo Island.
Faafu                                                           Through a successful collaboration between Red Cross partners, the American Red
                                                                Cross provided the household septic tanks which linked to the community sewerage
Meemu                                                           system funded by the Irish Red Cross.

Dhaalu

  Kudahavadhoo

Thaa

Laamu

Gaafu Alifu

Gaafu Dhaalu

Gnaviyani

Seenu




                                                     56
57
Water, Sanitation and Community Construction

The Maldives

Haa Alifu

Haa Dhaalu

Shaviyani

Raa

  Dhuvvaafaru

Noonu

Baa

Lhaviyani

Kaafu

  Maafushi

  Guraidhoo

Alifu Alifu

Male

Alifu Dhaalu

Vaavu

Faafu

Meemu

Dhaalu

  Kudahavadhoo   Above: Seventy-year-old Aminath Aboobaker from Maafushi Island, who has nine
                 children and 30 grandchildren, sensed something was wrong and ran for safety as the
Thaa             Tsunami hit. “We were swept off our feet but luckily we were carried to the mosque
                 and safety.”
Laamu

Gaafu Alifu
                 Opposite Page
                 Top left: Johan Schaar, IFRC Special Representative for Tsunami Operations, views
Gaafu Dhaalu     nearly completed houses on Kudahuvadhoo Island in February 2006.

Gnaviyani        Bottom right: Irish Red Cross staff member Joe Lowry and Muhammed Mustharshid,
                 IFRC Construction Programme Officer, standing on the roof of one of the 50 houses
Seenu            built for Tsunami survivors on Kudahuvadhoo Island.




                                                                                      58
59
Water, Sanitation and Community Construction

The Maldives
                                                                Left: Ensuring that the sewerage outflow pipes were working effectively included
Haa Alifu                                                       extensive underwater technical inspections by qualified divers at depths of up
                                                                to 7.5 m.
Haa Dhaalu

Shaviyani

Raa

  Dhuvvaafaru

Noonu

Baa

Lhaviyani

Kaafu

  Maafushi

  Guraidhoo

Alifu Alifu

Male

Alifu Dhaalu

Vaavu

Faafu

Meemu

Dhaalu

  Kudahavadhoo

Thaa

Laamu

Gaafu Alifu

Gaafu Dhaalu

Gnaviyani

Seenu




                                                     60
Irish Red Cross Society
                 Tsunami Relief  Recovery Programme
                              2005 - 2011
                                        The Maldives
       Health  Care                                                                     No of beneficiaries

       Improved waste management facilities or improved latrines                               8,300
                                                                   Total beneficiaries         8,300

       Shelter  Community Construction                                                  No of beneficiaries

       Community construction support                                                          5,800
                                                                   Total beneficiaries         5,800




     Above: Children displaced by the Tsunami play in front of a newly built water treatment plant on
     Gadhdhoo Island.




61
Sri Lanka




                       Sri Lanka
 Colombo District


   Colombo


 Kalutara District


   Kalutara


   Panadura

                       Country information: Sri Lanka has always played an important strategic            Movement, the Irish Red Cross undertook programmes in four of the Districts
 Ampara District
                       role in the Indian Ocean, and with 1,340km of coastline large portions of the      hit hardest by the Tsunami:
                       country have a direct connection with the sea. Sri Lanka is a similar size to
   Akkaraipattu
                       Ireland, but has a population five times larger at over 20 million inhabitants,    •	 Colombo: Massive displacement of people into the capital created a 		
                       many of whom live in coastal areas. For much of the past 30 years, the island      	   need to strengthen temporary and permanent facilities, such as shelters 		
   Karativu            was gripped by a vicious civil war between the Government and the Liberation       	   and schools.
                       Tigers of Tamil Elam (LTTE).                                                       •	 Kalutara: The Irish Red Cross built apartments for nearly 300 people and a 	
   Nindavur                                                                                               	   school in Kalutara town, a maternity clinic in Panadura, and provided 		
                       Impact of the Tsunami: Due to the shape of Sri Lanka and the way the               	   assistance to over 1,000 people to restart their livelihoods.
   Pottuvil            Tsunami spread out across the Indian Ocean, the waves hit not just the east        •	 Ampara: Through innovative partnerships, such as the Galway-Sri Lanka 		
                       coast but swirled around the top and bottom of the island. The destruction         	   Project, the Irish Red Cross helped to rebuild 250 homes, one hospital, 		
   Vellavelli          caused was particularly bad in the eastern Districts of Trincomalee, Batticaloa    	   a water supply and distribution system for over 6,000 people, a water 		
                       and Ampara, the western Districts of Galle and Kalutara, and the northern          	   supply network for the main District hospital and provided livelihoods 		

   Weeragoda           Districts of Jaffna and Mullaittivu.                                               	   assistance to over 8,000 people.
                                                                                                          •	 Batticaloa: Through a co-ordinated approach to help rebuild
                       Two key factors compounded the effects of the Tsunami in Sri Lanka. First of       	   communities, the Irish Red Cross built three hospitals, over 700 homes 		
 Batticaloa District
                       all, the wide extent of coastline hit meant that the relief effort had to cover    	   and provided livelihoods assistance to nearly 1,500 people.
                       an extremely large geographic area. Secondly, the civil war between the
   Batticaloa
                       Government and the LTTE in the northern and eastern parts of the country was       While the Irish Red Cross finalised its direct activities in Sri Lanka in June
                       ongoing from the time of the Tsunami until mid-2009 making relief operations       2009, we continue to support the work of the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society
   Kallar
                       in those areas particularly difficult.                                             and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement through funding
                                                                                                          and provision of Irish Red Cross Delegates in Sri Lanka for our Red Cross
   Kathiravelli        Irish Red Cross response: The Red Cross appeal for Sri Lanka highlighted the       partners. Massive humanitarian needs remain in the north of the country not
                       urgent need to rebuild vital family and community infrastructure, from housing     only because of the Tsunami but also due to 30 years of conflict. The Irish Red
   PKK                 and health facilities to schools and livelihoods. Therefore, in partnership with   Cross therefore continues to support these communities as they resettle back in
                       the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society and the International Red Cross Red Crescent       their communities.
   Santivelli


   Thiramaidu




                                                                                             62
India                                                                                              N



                                                                                                        S


                                                                            Bay
                                                                         of Bengal
                       Indian                             Sri
                       Ocean                             Lanka           Santivelli
                                                                          Kathiravelli

                                                                               Batticaloa
                                                                  Batticaloa
                                                                  District         Putthukkudiyuruppa (PKK)
                                                                                     Kallar
                                                                                 Karativu
                                                                                Weeragoda
Human Impact                                                         Vellavelli   Sammanthurai
Killed and Missing        35,322                     Colombo                       Nindavur
Injured
Displaced People
                          21,441
                         516,150
                                      Colombo        District                      Akkaraipattu
                                                                       Ampara Pottuvil
                                                                       District
                                          Panadura
Physical Damage
                                                       Kalutara
                                          Kalutara     District
Structures Destroyed      119,562
Losses  Damages       1.8 billion


Reconstruction
Cost of Recovery       1.8 billion
Aid Pledged            2.6 billion




                                                        63
Sri Lanka             Colombo District
Colombo District


  Colombo


Kalutara District


  Kalutara


  Panadura


Ampara District


  Akkaraipattu


  Karativu


  Nindavur


  Pottuvil


  Vellavelli


  Weeragoda


Batticaloa District


  Batticaloa


  Kallar              Schools Projects: Schools Projects: The Tsunami forced thousands of people to flee
                      their homes in coastal provinces of Sri Lanka, and emergency shelters were set up in
                      many schools, including around the capital Colombo, to provide immediate short-
  Kathiravelli        term accommodation for those made homeless. Once more appropriate housing was
                      found, many of these schools needed refurbishment work so students could return
                      to their studies. In Colombo District, the Irish Red Cross repaired six schools and
  PKK                 provided equipment such as desks, chairs and books for 5,000 students.

                      Above: Irish Red Cross Country Co-ordinator, Sheila Callan, speaks to school children
  Santivelli          in Colombo in December 2005.

  Thiramaidu




                                                                                            64
65
Sri Lanka             Kalutara District
Colombo District


  Colombo


Kalutara District


  Kalutara


  Panadura


Ampara District


  Akkaraipattu


  Karativu

                                               Above: Irish Red Cross Chairperson, David Andrews (above) cuts the ribbons at the
  Nindavur                                     formal opening ceremony for the Janaraja apartment complex in October 2006, while
                                               (below) a ceremonial candle is lit as part of the traditional Hindu puja blessing.

  Pottuvil


  Vellavelli


  Weeragoda


Batticaloa District


  Batticaloa


  Kallar


  Kathiravelli


  PKK


  Santivelli


  Thiramaidu




                                          66
Janaraja Apartment Complex: To ensure a comprehensive approach for the local community, the Irish Red Cross rebuilt homes, a school and
provided skills training and economic assistance to over 200 families in Kalutara town. One of the first major projects that the Irish Red Cross
undertook in Sri Lanka was the construction of 64 apartments for families whose homes at the seafront had been destroyed by the waves.




                                    67
Kalutara District

Sri Lanka

Colombo District


  Colombo


Kalutara District


  Kalutara


  Panadura


Ampara District


  Akkaraipattu


  Karativu


  Nindavur
                      The Pat Kenny Show: TV and radio broadcaster, Pat Kenny, visited Irish Red Cross
                      projects in Kalutara in 2005 and met with families who had lost everything in the
  Pottuvil
                      Tsunami. He was shown around by Irish Red Cross staff including, Sheila Callan,
                      Liam McCarton, Jackie Quelly and Nimal Hemachandra. Pat Kenny and his team
                      returned in 2006 to visit the same families as they prepared to move into their
  Vellavelli          new homes. His reports from Sri Lanka as communities rebuilt their lives won the
                      prestigious PPI national radio current affairs award for 2006.

  Weeragoda


Batticaloa District


  Batticaloa


  Kallar


  Kathiravelli


  PKK


  Santivelli


  Thiramaidu




                                                                                         68
Sri Sumangala Boy’s School: As part of our work in rehabilitating schools which were used as emergency
camps for displaced people immediately after the Tsunami, the Irish Red Cross built and equipped 20
temporary classrooms in the Sri Sumangala Boy’s School, Panadura, which were opened in January 2006.
This provided classroom facilities for 3,500 students while a new school for the pupils was built.




                                                                                                         69
Irish Red Cross Tsunami Pictorial
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Irish Red Cross Tsunami Pictorial

  • 1. After The Wave A pictorial history of the Irish Red Cross Indian Ocean Tsunami Relief and Recovery Programme 2005 - 2011
  • 2. After The Wave A pictorial history of the Irish Red Cross Indian Ocean Tsunami Relief and Recovery Programme 2005 - 2011
  • 3. PHOTO CREDITS First published by the Irish Red Cross 2011. © Irish Red Cross. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a Cover retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Jean Marc Romain (Getty Images). recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Contents Gemunu Amarasinghe (IFRC). The Irish Red Cross would like to thank all those who helped in the production of this book, but in particular the following: Colm Byrne, Kerrie Collett, Paul Conneally, Tim Cummings, Patrick Fuller, Introduction / Foreword Joe Lowry, Necephor Mghendi, Nina Nobel, AnnaMarie O’Carroll, Rebecca Thorn & Noel Wardick. Arko Datta (REUTERS). A special word of thanks to Dug Cubie who was an invaluable contributor to the publication. Ireland Lensman Photography. MacInnes Photography. Designed and produced by Zest Creative Solutions, Dublin. Destruction and Initial Response Beawiharta (REUTERS). Thierry Gassmann (ICRC). Till Mayer (IFRC). Yoshi Shimizu (IFRC). ISBN: 978-0-906077-09-2 Ian Woolverton (IFRC). Raqai Yani (IFRC). Indonesia Vina Agustina (IFRC). Dug Cubie (IRCS). Andri Irvan (IRCS). Yopie Pangke (IRCS). The Irish Red Cross, Fajrin Aruna Setiawan (IRCS). Gail Zulfikar (IRCS). 16 Merrion Square, Dublin 2. The Maldives Tel: 01-642 4600 Seth Doane (CNN). Yassin Hameed (The Portrait Gallery). Joe Lowry (IFRC). Giacomo Pirozzi Email: info@redcross.ie (UNICEF). Shiran Randeniya (IFRC). Arnaud Vontobel (IFRC). Michael Wardick (IRCS). www.redcross.ie Ahmed Zahid (IFRC). Sri Lanka Gemunu Amarasinghe (IFRC). Kerrie Collett (IRCS). Noel Coughlan (Galway-Sri Lanka Project). Patrick Fuller (IFRC). Rukshan Ratnam (IFRC). Noel Wardick (IRCS).
  • 4. Contents Message From President McAleese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 INTRODUCTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 BACKGROUND TO THE TSUNAMI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Destruction and Initial Response.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 THE RESPONSE IN IRELAND.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 INDONESIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Beneficiary Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Education.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Water and Sanitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Humanitarian Responses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Farewell Banda Aceh!.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 THE MALDIVES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Water, Sanitation and Community Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . 52 SRI LANKA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Colombo District.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Kalutara District. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Ampara District. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Batticaloa District. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 THANKS TO DONORS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 3
  • 5. The Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement HUMANITY INDEPENDENCE The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a desire to bring The Movement is independent. The National Societies, while auxiliaries in the assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours, in its humanitarian services of their governments and subject to the laws of their international and national capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever respective countries, must always maintain their autonomy so that they may it may be found. Its purpose is to protect life and health and to ensure respect for the be able at all times to act in accordance with the principles of the Movement. human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all peoples. VOLUNTARY SERVICE It is a voluntary relief movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain. IMPARTIALITY The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement makes no discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. It endeavours to relieve UNITY the suffering of individuals, being guided solely by their needs, and to give priority to the There can be only one Red Cross or one Red Crescent Society in any one country. most urgent cases of distress. It must be open to all. It must carry on its humanitarian work throughout its territory. NEUTRALITY UNIVERSALITY In order to continue to enjoy the confidence of all, the Movement may not take sides The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in which all Societies in hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or have equal status and share equal responsibilities and duties in helping each other, ideological nature. is worldwide. 4
  • 6. Message from President McAleese U a c h ta r á n n a h É i reann President of Irela nd Few of us can forget the horrific news and images St. Stephen’s Day 2004. Sud from the other side of the denly, the word ‘tsunami’ world that started to rea ch us on huge number of people wh entered into our conversati o had been killed, injured ons. It was hard to compre or whose lives were shatter hend the of one single event. ed in so many countries as the result Yet around the world, peo ple responded in a true out Ireland, as we reached in soli pouring of humanity and compassion. No less so tha darity with the countless me n here in I was honoured to be inv n, women and children wh olved in many events to o suddenly required our sup support Irish non-governm port. officials. On New Year’s Da ental organisations, mission y 2005, I witnessed the inc aries and phoned the Irish Red Cro redible generosity of spirit ss, pledging their time and as hundreds of people visi support for the victims of ted and dedication and commitme the Tsunami. I was also stru nt of the staff and volunt ck by the eers who embodied the pri Red Cross ideal. nciples and values at the hea rt of the The extent of lives lost and communities destroyed by However, the international the Indian Ocean Tsunam community has been there i in 2004 is still unimagin throughout this difficult task able. assistance to those commu to provide financial and tec nities that were worst affecte hnical its partner National Societi d. The on-going commitme es reflects the bonds of frie nt of the Irish Red Cross to ndship and collaboration support Ireland and Indonesia, the that have been strenghten Maldives and Sri Lanka as ed between a result of this terrible trag edy. Ma ry Mc Al ee se Pr es ide nt of Ire la nd
  • 7. Foreword The planet we live on can be unpredictable; earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and As a direct result of the generosity of the Irish public, over a million people tsunamis can strike without warning, as we were starkly reminded earlier this year in have benefited from the Irish Red Cross programmes. Schools and hospitals Japan. Despite the best efforts of the international community, millions of people are were reconstructed, clean water supplies re-established, homes rebuilt, livelihoods affected by natural disasters every year and by the chaos and devastation that they restored or revived and children supported on their return to education, while leave in their wake. Since its establishment in 1863, the Red Cross and Red Crescent innovative communication initiatives promoted dialogue with the disaster affected Movement has attempted to alleviate the suffering caused through conflict and communities enabling them to inform and engage in recovery efforts. natural disasters. Tens of thousands of families continue to directly benefit from the support provided National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, such as the Indonesian Red Cross by you as generous, donors to the Irish Red Cross, and we hope that this book and the Sri Lankan Red Cross Society, are at the forefront of disaster response activities; provides an insight into the work we have undertaken on your behalf. volunteers and staff responded immediately and provided life saving assistance in the hours, days and weeks after the Indian Ocean Tsunami struck. As the Irish representative of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, which comprises the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and each country’s National Society, the Irish Red Cross has a responsibility to assist our partners when disaster strikes. Disasters can destroy infrastructure and the social fabric of a community in minutes, but the rebuilding of that community may take many years. The extent of the Indian Ocean Tsunami meant that following the immediate emergency response phase; there was a need for continued support and assistance. Working with our partner National Societies David J O’Callaghan in the countries affected, the Irish Red Cross Tsunami Relief and Recovery Programme was developed as a multi-year response to the immediate and long-term needs of the David J O’Callaghan communities worst affected in Indonesia, the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Chairman - Irish Red Cross 6
  • 8. A Sri Lankan man holds an umbrella as he cycles past an overcast bay in the town of Kalmunai on Sri Lanka’s east coast - 19 January 2005. REUTERS/Arko Datta. 7
  • 9. Introduction Tsu•na•mi As a part of the largest humanitarian network in the world, the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement, the Irish Red Cross Society responded immediately to the disaster and Noun (pl. same or –mis) A long high sea wave caused launched an emergency appeal for the victims of the Tsunami on 27th December by an earthquake, underwater landslide or other disturbance. 2004. This appeal raised over e32 million thanks to the enormous generosity of many Origin: late 19th century Japanese - from tsu “harbour” + nami “wave” individuals, groups, schools, companies and their employees, and remains the largest amount ever raised by the Irish Red Cross for a single disaster. On 26th December 2004, a massive earthquake measuring 9.15 on the Richter scale The dedication and strength of the Irish Red Cross membership network, and the Irish struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. It was the most powerful earthquake the world public, was clearly in evidence as the massive public appeal was rolled out in the first had seen in a generation, releasing the equivalent energy of 23,000 Hiroshima bombs. few weeks and months of 2005. The commitment shown through the range of events, The epicentre was some 150km south of the town of Meulaboh and 250km from Banda donations and offers of support provided in solidarity with communities on the other Aceh, the capital of Aceh Province, in northern Indonesia. The earthquake was particularly side of the world so tragically hit by an unpredictable natural disaster, was humbling for destructive as it originated close to the earth’s surface, some 30km below the floor of the all involved in the response. Indian Ocean. In the seven years that followed, the Irish Red Cross has had the privilege of working The earthquake generated a massive tsunami wave that travelled rapidly through the closely with our own membership across Ireland, and also with our colleagues in the Indian Ocean, striking beachfront areas in fourteen countries with catastrophic results International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Key relationships and partnerships in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, India and Bangladesh, as well as other have been built with the communities affected as well as with Indonesian Red Cross Asian and East African countries, killing more than 226,000 people across the region. (PMI), the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), The tsunami travelled at terrifying high speeds and 45 minutes after the earthquake it hit and numerous other National Societies including the German Red Cross, Canadian the Aceh coastline and within minutes had swept clean an 800km coastal strip of Aceh – Red Cross, American Red Cross, Finnish Red Cross and the newly established equivalent to the distance between Dublin and Paris. Nearly 166,000 people were killed Maldivian Red Crescent. During the period 2005 to 2011 the International Department in Indonesia alone, with nearly 600,000 of those surviving finding themselves homeless of the Irish Red Cross grew substantially and at one point had over one hundred local as their houses were swept away or left in ruins. The Tsunami caused unimaginable national staff and twelve expatriate delegates working on Irish Red Cross projects in Sri devastation and the scale of the damage to the local economies, infrastructure, and Lanka, Indonesia and the Maldives. administration was unprecedented. In an instant, the livelihoods and security of Through the development of our comprehensive 7-year Tsunami Relief and Recovery hundreds of thousands of people all across the Indian Ocean, from Somalia to Programme for Indonesia, the Maldives and Sri Lanka, the Irish Red Cross was committed Malaysia, were ruined. to ensuring that the trust placed in us by the Irish public through their donations to our Then, only three months later, another major earthquake struck the island of Nias Tsunami appeal was well placed. We hope to show through this Pictorial History of also off the Indonesian coast, causing yet more death, injuries and destruction. our Tsunami operations the range and breadth of work that has been undertaken and The magnitude of these events triggered an amazing outpouring of compassion and continues to take place with these donations, and how the generosity of the Irish generosity from around the world. Private citizens provided huge amounts of support, public has had a direct benefit for communities which were so devastated on and donors pledged generously to help the survivors. December 26th, 2004. 8
  • 10. World Press Photo of the Year 2004. Cuddalore, India - 28 December 2004. REUTERS/Arko Datta. 9
  • 11. Background to the Tsunami Sunday 26th December 2004 (all times local) 7.59am 10.01am A massive underwater earthquake strikes off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. The Tsunami strikes Bangladesh, where two children die. Scientists attribute the relatively The quake, the world’s biggest in four decades, lasts nearly 10 minutes, displacing billions low death toll to a shallow seabed along the coast caused by natural sedimentation. of tonnes of water along a line of ocean trench as long as Italy. Elsewhere the Tsunami hits, witnesses report the sea receding and exposing the ocean The 9.15-magnitude quake causes the entire planet to vibrate, releasing energy equivalent floor before the onslaught of the waves. They liken the sound of the Tsunami to the roar to 23,000 Hiroshima-type atomic bombs and triggering other earthquakes as far away of freight trains. as Alaska. WITHIN THE THIRD HOUR AT 7.59AM • Tsunami hits Bangladesh, killing two • Earthquake strikes off coast of Indonesia • Country protected by ‘Continental shelf’ • 9.15 on the Richter scale • Lasts nearly 10 minutes • As powerful as 23,000 Hiroshima bombs 11.21am 8.15am Seismologists record a 7.1-magnitude aftershock. Ten minutes later the Tsunami hits the Maldives, killing 108 people. The waves surge across the low-lying island nation, completely inundating 73 of the 199 inhabited islands. For a period of time, Maldivians Waves as high as six-story buildings hit northern Sumatra and the city of Banda Aceh, think their islands have sunk underwater. In Myanmar, 61 people die. ploughing inland for up to 3 kilometres. The disaster claims almost 166,000 lives in Indonesia. To the north, tidal waves slam into India’s Andaman and Nicobar islands. WITHIN THE FOURTH HOUR • 7.1-magnitude aftershock adds to panic WITHIN FIRST HOUR • Maldives completely inundated • 8.15am – Tsunami hits west coast of Aceh province • Dozens killed in Myanmar • Waves up to 20 metres high • 166,000 killed in Indonesia 12.30pm (and beyond) 9.45am The Tsunami sweeps into Malaysia, killing more than 70 people. On the other side of the Indian Ocean, waves roar towards Mauritius, Madagascar and East Africa. In the Waves travelling as fast as jet planes roar across the Indian Ocean. They slow down and Seychelles, low-lying coastal roads are flooded. Along the coast of Somalia, more than gain height as they reach shallow water, striking the coasts of Sri Lanka, Thailand and 300 people die. mainland India. A combined 60,000 people will perish in those countries. FIFTH HOUR AND BEYOND WITHIN THE SECOND HOUR • Waves travel as far as East Africa • Waves reach speeds of 800 km per hour • More than 300 killed in Somalia • Tsunami strikes Sri Lanka, India and Thailand • Kills a combined 60,000 people 10
  • 12. N Nepal Bhutan S Bangladesh Myanmar India Laos Bay a fric of Bengal st A Thailand s Ea Vietnam s far a Andaman Islands Cambodia South be yo nd) - Wa v e s t ra vel a China Sea Indian Ocean Nicobar Islands Sri Lanka Malaysia entre pic Maldives E 5am pm (and 7.59am - Borneo 8.1 5am 12.30 am 9.4 Indonesia .01 am Java Sea 10 .21 11 Bali Human Impact Physical Damage Reconstruction Killed and Missing 226,000 in 14 countries Structures Destroyed 470,000 Cost of Recovery 8.7 billion Displaced People 1.8 million Losses & Damages 8.6 billion Aid Pledged 11.2 billion In a few short hours, the Tsunami claimed 226,000 lives in 14 countries and made almost 2 million people homeless. It triggered an unprecedented global outpouring of aid – over e11 billion was pledged by the international community as the extent of the devastation became clear. Seven years after one of the worst natural disasters in living memory, many of the communities have rebuilt large parts of their lives, but the events of that terrible day continue to impact all those affected.
  • 13. Destruction and Initial Response The generous support of people in Ireland contributed to the immediate alleviation of suffering in the early days of the emergency response of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. This generosity was used to support search and rescue operations and to provide food, water, shelter and medical assistance, essential, to survival in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. 12
  • 14. The Earthquake which struck off the coast of Sumatra caused Tsunami waves of up to 20 metres leaving devastation, horror and grief in its wake. Opposite Page: Banda Aceh in northern Indonesia was one of the many towns leveled to the ground by the powerful tidal wave, with houses reduced to piles of rubble and communities devastated. Top Right: A Sri Lankan man M.K. Ahula, who lost 7 members of his family, stands amid the ruins in Galle, Sri Lanka. 13
  • 15. Destruction and Initial Response Teams of ICRC-supported volunteers from the Indonesian Red Cross have the grim task of searching and recovering dead bodies from the rubble of Aceh, Indonesia. 14
  • 16. Top: A Red Cross fleet of nearly 100 heavy-duty M6 trucks transports hundreds of tonnes of relief and recovery supplies to tsunami survivors. Bottom left: Relatives search and consult notice boards for news of lost family and friends on a list published by the Red Cross of those found alive after the tsunami. Bottom right: As part of the Restoring Family Links service, ICRC and Indonesia Red Cross run a tracing office to assist tsunami survivors in their search for relatives missing following the tsunami. 15
  • 17. Destruction and Initial Response Family links are restored through the assistance of the Red Cross. While too many perished in the disaster, there were thousands of scenes like this one below where a husband is reunited with his wife 16
  • 18. Within hours of the tsunami striking, the Red Cross Red Crescent relief network swung into action. On the ground local branches mobilised their volunteers to provide immediate humanitarian assistance in affected tsunami countries. 17
  • 19. The Response in Ireland Public response: The global response to the horrific scenes which were broadcast in the United States, Ireland and Australia which raised more than £3.5 million for the around the world following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami was unprecedented. No International Red Cross Red Crescent response. less so in Ireland, where there was a massive outpouring of support and sympathy for the countries affected, and people across the country reacted by offering their services to Immediate support provided: To ease some of the immediate suffering caused by the support the Irish Red Cross fundraising efforts. Staff and volunteers of the Irish Red Cross devastation, on 28th December 2004 the Irish Red Cross donated e3 million to the returned immediately to work from their Christmas holidays and were back at their desks Emergency Appeal of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent by late afternoon on December 26th, only hours after the Tsunami had struck. Societies (IFRC). This funding was used to support the urgent recovery operations, through the provision of clean and safe water, emergency shelter and search and rescue activities. Reflecting the unprecedented level of the public response, the Irish Red Cross received generous offers of support from people to help answer phones, distribute collection The bulk of the remaining e29 million raised was spent on both emergency and recovery buckets and raise funds both in Head Office in Dublin and through our network of projects over the next seven years. While the Irish Red Cross Tsunami response had scaled branches around the country. As teams of volunteers worked continuously in the days down significantly by early 2010, the organisation continues to be involved in longer term and weeks following the Tsunami, local businesses showed their support by providing free development projects in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Maldives. sandwiches and refreshments for the volunteers and staff, and local financial institutions provided experienced staff to assist in the secure handling of the massive amounts of cash being donated. In recognition of this true expression of the Red Cross Red Crescent principles of humanity and voluntary service, President Mary McAleese, and her family visited the Irish Red Cross Head Office on New Year’s Day 2005 to provide her own encouragement for the tireless work being undertaken by staff and volunteers. Civic leaders also provided support, including the then Lord Mayor of Dublin, Michael Conaghan, who kindly threw open the doors of the Mansion House to accept donations during the holiday period. Dublin City Council staff also accepted donations for the Tsunami appeal at their offices. Fundraising activities: Representatives of An Garda Síochána and Civil Defence were extremely active in the fundraising efforts, with the Gardaí save guarding Tsunami funds raised in pubs and restaurants around the country during the New Year’s festivities and representatives of the Civil Defence forces organising and holding numerous street collections. Irish Red Cross branch members organised numerous events to raise funds for the Irish Red Cross appeal, as well as supporting other local events being run to help Tsunami victims. All fundraising efforts were co-ordinated by the dedicated staff at Head Office in Merrion Square, Dublin. The nationwide fundraising campaign was generously supported by the business community which came out in force for the victims of the Tsunami, with many businesses simply donating funds from within their own resources, while others matched Euro-for-Euro the funds raised by their staff. On 7th January 2005, companies across Ireland supported employees who participated in the Irish Red Cross “Work a Day for Free”, with employers facilitating the donation to the Irish Red Cross of staff salaries for the day. Other innovative fund raising events undertaken by the business community included the Coolmore Stud organising an international auction for access to their 50 stallions 18
  • 20. 19
  • 21. Indonesia Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Country information: Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the The massive relief operation undertaken by the international community took world, with over 240 million people inhabiting 6,000 of the country’s 17,500 place under extremely difficult conditions. Not only had the entire Province islands, which span over 6,500km. The majority of the population live on the been devastated by the Tsunami, but access was incredibly challenging Aceh Jaya islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. Indonesia’s location due to its remote location and the long running armed conflict between the on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian and Australian tectonic plates results in Government and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). The Tsunami operation frequent and powerful earthquakes across the archipelago. Prior to 2004, the in Aceh and Nias was one of the largest and most complex operations in the Banda Aceh worst tsunami to hit Indonesia was in 1883 when Mount Krakatoa erupted, history of the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement. killing over 36,000 people. The Irish Red Cross provided immediate financial and personnel assistance to Nagan Raya Impact of the Tsunami: The Province of Aceh in northern Sumatra was the our international Red Cross Movement partners. However, it quickly became worst-affected by the Tsunami, with the epicentre of the 9.15 earthquake apparent that the needs were so great that we had a responsibility to striking underwater between Aceh and the island of Simeulue with the force establish a presence on the ground to organise assistance directly. So, the Pulo Aceh Island of 23,000 Hiroshima bombs. The entire coast of Aceh bore the brunt of the Irish Red Cross undertook a series of critically important and innovative waves, with the towns of Banda Aceh, Meulaboh and Calang being destroyed programmes covering education, beneficiary communications, water and in minutes. This close to the earthquake’s epicentre, the waves were over sanitation, as well as emergency response to subsequent disasters such Sabang Island 20m high and swept through everything in their path. as earthquakes in Yogyakarta and Padang. Nearly 166,000 people were killed or disappeared in Aceh Province alone, During the five years that the Irish Red Cross had an office in Banda Aceh, Central Java and nearly 180,000 homes were destroyed. Then on 28th March 2005, barely over 100 people worked for us and, through our close connections with the three months later, the nearby island of Nias was hit by another massive local communities, Irish Red Cross staff and volunteers became a familiar and earthquake which claimed hundreds more lives and wreaked havoc on the popular sight in Aceh. In December 2009 we formally closed our office in Yogyakarta already strained local infrastructure. Banda Aceh. However, we handed over aspects of our work, and some staff to PMI through agreements to fund ongoing activities during 2010 and 2011 Irish Red Cross response: The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) responded to ensure that the hard work and dedication of all the Irish Red Cross staff in West Sumatra immediately, and PMI staff and volunteers showed unbelievable courage and Aceh continues to make an impact into the future. humanity in assisting people in their time of greatest need, and in organising the grim task of collecting the bodies of those killed. Padang 20
  • 22. Thailand Indonesia South China Sea Aceh Malaysia Province Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sumatra Borneo Padang Andaman Sea Indonesia Java Sea Sabang Jakarta Pulo Aceh Yogyakarta Banda Aceh Aceh Besar N Aceh Aceh Jaya Province Calang Aceh Barat Nagan Raya S Aceh Barat Meulaboh Daya Human Impact Killed and Missing 165,949 Injured Unkown Simeulue Displaced People 572,926 Aceh Singkil Physical Damage Structures Destroyed 179,312 Losses & Damages 3.6 billion Nias Sumatra Reconstruction Cost of Recovery 4.4 billion Aid Pledged 4.2 billion Padang 21
  • 23. Indonesia Beneficiary Communications Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Community Advocacy: Following a major natural disaster such as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the need by disaster affected communities for accurate and reliable information is as fundamental as food, shelter and medical assistance. As over 300 international Nagan Raya organisations arrived in Banda Aceh in early 2005, the Irish Red Cross realised that there was a need for detailed information on the recovery operation to be provided to the local communities. Various media such as newspapers, newsletters, bulletin boards Pulo Aceh Island and radio were used to ensure information about Red Cross programmes reached all levels of the affected communities. Opposite Page Sabang Island A group of children read a cartoon story of the Red Cross Red Crescent humanitarian efforts in providing services to Tsunami-affected communities. The edition celebrates the anniversary of World Red Cross and Red Crescent day. The Irish Red Cross newspaper, Rumoh PMI, covered the reconstruction and rehabilitation issues in Central Java Aceh Province and Nias Island with over 50,000 free copies delivered each month to Tsunami-affected communities. Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 22
  • 24. 23
  • 25. Beneficiary Communications Indonesia Radio: Rumoh PMI, which means House of PMI, was the title chosen by the Irish Red Cross for our newspaper and radio services in Aceh. The Rumoh PMI radio services provided by the Irish Red Cross allowed local communities to directly input Aceh Province into the debates and discussions around the rebuilding of their communities which had been destroyed by the Tsunami. Below: Irish Red Cross radio reporter, Isana Burhan, interviews students about disaster Aceh Barat preparedness stimulation activities held in their school. Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 24
  • 26. 25
  • 27. Beneficiary Communications Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Television: In early 2009, the Irish Red Cross aired the first of 19 TV chat shows, called Warung Kopi Rumoh PMI (Indonesian Red Cross Coffee Shop), which allowed local people the chance to ask questions of local authorities, the Red Cross and other aid Pulo Aceh Island agencies about the recovery work being undertaken in Aceh Province. Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 26
  • 28. 27
  • 29. Indonesia Education Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Back-to-School Assistance: With so many people killed across Aceh, there was a real risk of a “lost generation” of children who had been traumatised by the Tsunami and had lost some or all of their family. Working closely with PMI, the Irish Red Cross developed a Secondary Education Cash Assistance Programme (SECAP) to provide cash assistance to vulnerable children so that they could return to school. Padang S E C A P SECONDARY In total, over 7,800 students benefitted from the SECAP programme between 2005 and 2011 and the Irish Red Cross SECAP staff developed close links with EDUCATION CASH ASSISTANCE students and schools across Aceh. Amy Tyndall (top right) presents an award to a student on Sabang Island, while SECAP field staff (bottom left) spent much PROGRAMME of their time supporting families to ensure that students who had returned to school were continuing their studies. 28
  • 30. 29
  • 31. Education Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 30
  • 32. As well as cash grants, the SECAP programme developed life skills training, buddy support and mentoring for the children, and assistance for the non-formal education system. Support from PMI and the Banda Aceh authorities, including the Vice-Mayor of Banda Aceh Ms. Illiza Sa’Aduddin Djamal (right) were instrumental in the success of the project. Top Right: The cash grants provided by the SECAP programme meant that students were able to buy shoes, uniforms and other school supplies, as well as cover the cost of transport to and from school. Without SECAP support, all these costs may have made it prohibitive for a student like Mahdia from Lamno, Aceh Jaya, to attend school. 31
  • 33. Education Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 32
  • 34. School Construction: While many families were in need of assistance to ensure that their children were able to return to school, there was also a huge need to rebuild the physical infrastructure of the education system. Through partnership with the German Red Cross, the Irish Red Cross funded the construction of five schools on the remote island of Pulo Aceh and one school in Banda Aceh. Opposite page, bottom left: Irish Red Cross Country Representative Dan Prewitt, Community Outreach Programme Manager Helena Rea and Head of the International Department, Noel Wardick on the boat to Pulo Aceh which was the sole means of getting personnel and materials onto the island. 33
  • 35. Education Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Irish Red Cross and German Red Cross staff worked closely on the schools construction, with joint monitoring visits arranged to Pulo Aceh Island on a regular basis. Banda Aceh Right: Irish Red Cross Secretary General John Roycroft and Head of the International Department, Noel Wardick, on the Australian Red Cross boat “The Solferino” en route to Pulo Aceh, December 2008. Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 34
  • 36. 35
  • 37. Indonesia Water and Sanitation Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Temporary Living Shelters: The water and sanitation needs in Aceh Province following the Tsunami were massive. As temporary living shelters were established for Padang the hundreds of thousands of people who had lost their homes, the Irish Red Cross developed an innovative approach to provide improved access to water and sanitation, through numerous small-scale activities to fill the gaps left by larger projects, including providing cleaning tools and improving drainage channels. 36
  • 38. 37
  • 39. Water and Sanitation Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang Community Based Projects: As homes were rebuilt, people moved out of the temporary living shelters. Continuing the community-led approach to water and sanitation, the Irish Red Cross worked directly with communities to identify their own needs, such as this project at Deah Mamplam in Aceh Besar District to improve access to clean water. Parallel to the physical infrastructure which was built, Irish Red Cross staff worked with communities to establish volunteer water and sanitation committees to maintain the water systems put in place and to promote good hygiene practices for the adults and children. 38
  • 40. 39
  • 41. Water and Sanitation Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 40
  • 42. The positive impact that a permanent water tower, such as was constructed by the Irish Red Cross in Labuy village (far left) or plumbed toilets, such as those built in 11 schools (above) has on the health and well-being of a community cannot be underestimated. 41
  • 43. Indonesia Humanitarian Responses Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Yogyakarta Earthquake: Indonesia is located in one of the most active geological areas of the world, and earthquakes are unfortunately a common occurrence across the country. From our base in Banda Aceh, the Irish Red Cross was able to send staff and assistance following two such events. In May 2006, an earthquake measuring Nagan Raya 6.3 on the Richter scale hit Yogyakarta on the island of Java and claimed more than 5,700 lives. Then in September and October 2009 two large earthquakes struck near to Padang on the island of Sumatra killing nearly 1,200 people and destroying over 250,000 houses. Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 42
  • 44. 43
  • 45. Humanitarian Responses Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang In the wake of the May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake, the Irish Red Cross provided assistance to affected households with the technical, material and financial assistance to build their own durable, earthquake-resistant bamboo framed temporary shelters. 44
  • 46. Padang Earthquake: A team of four Irish Red Cross staff members from our Community Outreach Programme were sent to Padang following the earthquakes in September and October 2009. Delegate Will Rogers, Project Manager Helena Rea, Photographer Gail Zulfikar, and Radio Director Nusafri spent two weeks assisting PMI and the IFRC provide accurate information to the affected communities hit by the earthquake. This included linking up our Rumoh PMI radio station and Warung Kopi TV show in Banda Aceh to the Padang region so that information could be communicated effectively without the need to establish new structures in the midst of the destruction of Padang. 45
  • 47. Indonesia Farewell Banda Aceh! Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 46
  • 48. St. Patrick’s Day: Despite the challenging work undertaken on a daily basis, everyone is Irish on St Patrick’s Day, so 17th March 2009 was a time for celebration by the team in Banda Aceh, and an excuse to wear green. 47
  • 49. Farewell Banda Aceh! Indonesia Aceh Province Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Daya Aceh Besar Aceh Jaya Banda Aceh Nagan Raya Pulo Aceh Island Sabang Island Central Java Yogyakarta West Sumatra Padang 48
  • 50. Irish Red Cross Society Tsunami Relief Recovery Programme 2005 – 2011 Indonesia Health Care No of beneficiaries Access to an improved water source: • Water and sanitation projects in transitional shelters 2,780 • Washing shelters and household wells 14,000 • Household and community connections to mains water supply 596 • Community water supply systems 3,796 Improved waste management facilities or improved latrines 17,138 Community hygiene promotion training of trainers 352 Community hygiene promotion trainings and promotional materials 5,884 Total beneficiaries 44,546 Shelter Community Construction No of beneficiaries Permanent houses 51 Schools (construction and rehabilitation) 831 Total beneficiaries 882 Livelihoods No of beneficiaries Individuals that have received education support grants 7,843 Total beneficiaries 7,843 Beneficiary Communication No of beneficiaries Cases facilitated by the Community Advocacy Unit 9,100 Rumoh - PMI newspaper 98,392 (per edition) Radio programmes 90,447 (per hour) TV shows 78,835 (per episode) Total beneficiaries 276,774 Disaster Management No of beneficiaries Opposite page, top: Irish Red Cross Country Representative Tim Cummings draws the Irish Red Cross operations to a close in December 2009, and thanks everyone involved. While the Irish Red Cross Support for ICRC emergency humanitarian activities 2,480 Banda Aceh office has now closed, we handed over the Rumoh PMI radio station and the SECAP Total beneficiaries 2,480 education programme to the Indonesian Red Cross who continue to work with the most vulnerable of society, with the ongoing support of the Irish Red Cross. 49
  • 51. The Maldives Haa Alifu The Maldives Haa Dhaalu Shaviyani Raa Dhuvvaafaru Noonu Baa Country information: The Maldives is a chain of more than 1,100 islands in Irish Red Cross response: Due to the large scale destruction of vital Lhaviyani the Indian Ocean, separated into 26 atolls with a land surface area of less community infrastructure, the international Red Cross Red Crescent than 300km2, making it one of the smallest and most disparate countries in Movement undertook a co-ordinated approach to rebuilding, not just the Kaafu the world. Situated off the tip of the Indian sub-continent, the Maldives lies houses which had been destroyed but also the community infrastructure Maafushi about 700km south-west of Sri Lanka. While the Maldives is renowned for and social networks which had been so severely impacted. The Irish Red the beauty of its tropical islands, and is a popular holiday destination, life Cross took an active part in this rebuilding through funding the construction Guraidhoo is dominated by the ocean and is extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. of entirely new sewerage systems on three islands (Dh.Kudahuvadhoo, Most of the islands only stand 1.5m about sea level, so any change in sea K.Maafushi and K.Guraidhoo). Alifu Alifu conditions can have a massive impact on the life of the country. Recently, Male the threatened impact of climate change led the Maldivian Government to In partnership with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red hold an underwater Cabinet meeting to highlight the potentially catastrophic Crescent Societies (IFRC), the Irish Red Cross sewer system linked into an Alifu Dhaalu impact of even a small increase in sea levels. American Red Cross funded project aimed at upgrading and replacing Vaavu household septic tanks on these three islands. By taking this co-ordinated Impact of the Tsunami: The Tsunami crashed into the low lying islands approach, the communities on the three islands have been ensured clean Faafu of the Maldives around 12 noon on 26th December 2004, completely and safe water, and the natural environment has been improved dramatically inundating 73 of the 199 inhabited islands. While the loss of life was as raw sewage is no longer being pumped into the surrounding waters. Meemu thankfully lower than in many surrounding countries, the waves swept In addition to providing over e4.4 million in funding to the IFRC for Dhaalu across the island nation destroying homes, businesses and infrastructure this project, between 2005 and 2008, three Irish Red Cross Delegates and displacing a large proportion of the 300,000 inhabitants. Along with were seconded to the IFRC to provide expert advice and assistance on Kudahavadhoo Indonesia and Sri Lanka, the Maldives was one of the countries worst construction, IT and communications related matters. affected by the Tsunami. It is estimated that the damage caused equated Thaa to over 60% of the country’s GDP and one in every ten persons was The Irish Red Cross continues to be actively engaged in the Maldives, Laamu displaced – translating to more people per capita than in any other with an Irish Red Cross Delegate becoming the Head of Delegation for affected country. the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. During Gaafu Alifu 2011, Irish Red Cross is funding a three year project promoting cultures of Gaafu Dhaalu non-violence and child protection in local communities in the Maldives. Gnaviyani Seenu 50
  • 52. N S The Maldives - 26 Atolls Maafushi Guraidhoo Indian Ocean Kaafu Lhaviyani Male Vaavu Meemu Laamu Gnaviyani Noonu Gaafu Alifu Haa Seenu Shaviyani Dhaalu Gaafu Dhaalu Alifu Dhaalu Thaa Haa Raa Alifu Dhaalu Faafu Baa Alifu Alifu Dhuvvaafaru Kudahuvadhoo Human Impact Physical Damage Reconstruction Killed and Missing 108 Structures Destroyed 6,000 Cost of Recovery 300 million Injured 1,313 Losses Damages 377million Aid Pledged 280million Displaced People 29,577 51
  • 53. The Maldives Water, Sanitation and Community Construction Haa Alifu Haa Dhaalu Shaviyani Raa Dhuvvaafaru Noonu Baa Lhaviyani Kaafu Maafushi Guraidhoo Community Sewerage Systems: The old system of sewage outfall on Maafushi Island (top left) pumped raw sewage straight into the sea. The Irish Red Cross funded Alifu Alifu sewage system was built to collect wastewater from houses and community buildings and discharge the effluent safely beyond the lagoon. This prevents pollution of the Male groundwater, and ensures disposal of wastewater in an environmentally safe manner, while also improving the health of the local populations who live and work so closely Alifu Dhaalu to the sea. Vaavu Below: Maldives Environment and Water Minister, Ahmed Abdullah, and the International Federation’s Head of Delegation in the Maldives, Jerry Talbot, dig Faafu symbolic shovels into sandy soil to mark the start of construction of the community sewerage system on Maafushi Island in August 2006. Meemu Dhaalu Kudahavadhoo Thaa Laamu Gaafu Alifu Gaafu Dhaalu Gnaviyani Seenu 52
  • 54. Despite being 99% water, and vulnerable to rising sea levels, the Maldives is chronically short of fresh water. People rely on rainwater and the limited groundwater trapped beneath the islands. However, the Tsunami ruined the groundwater supplies, so the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement developed a comprehensive water programme, including building 15 supplementary water systems on the islands in most need, and installed over 100,000 rainwater harvesting tanks. Left: Irish Red Cross staff members Michael Wardick and Joe Lowry at the groundbreaking ceremony to commemorate the start of work on the community sewerage system on Maafushi Island in August 2006. 53
  • 55. Water, Sanitation and Community Construction The Maldives Haa Alifu Haa Dhaalu Shaviyani Raa Dhuvvaafaru Noonu Baa Lhaviyani Kaafu Maafushi Guraidhoo Alifu Alifu Bottom Left: The territory of the Maldives is made up of 99 per cent saltwater. Supplementary water systems were installed, which provided much needed fresh water supplies to communities. Bottom Middle: The tsunami also damaged or destroyed Male thousands of houses like this one shown here. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement adopted a “build back better” approach to reconstruction in the Alifu Dhaalu Maldives. Vaavu Faafu Meemu Dhaalu Kudahavadhoo Thaa Laamu Gaafu Alifu Gaafu Dhaalu Gnaviyani Seenu 54
  • 56. The people of the Maldives are closely connected to the sea, and fishing is the life-blood for many families. Following the Tsunami, there was an urgent need to replace lost and damaged fishing boats and equipment, and was one of the key priorities for the Maldivian Government and humanitarian agencies. Below: International Department staff member Colm Byrne inspects a rainwater harvesting tank on one of the newly constructed houses on Guraidhoo Island in November 2006. 55
  • 57. Water, Sanitation and Community Construction The Maldives Haa Alifu Haa Dhaalu Shaviyani Raa Dhuvvaafaru Noonu Baa Lhaviyani Community Reconstruction: The Irish Red Cross was actively involved in the community reconstruction process through the secondment of construction, IT and Kaafu communications experts to the IFRC. Irish Red Cross staff member, Tanya Pocock (above), spent more than a year in the the Maldives assisting in the development of Maafushi comprehensive IT systems to support the local communities. Guraidhoo In March 2006, Irish Red Cross Secretary General, Carmel Dunne (below), visited the Maldives as part of an international Red Cross and Red Crescent Delegation, and met Alifu Alifu owners of new homes on Maafushi Island. This was one of 14 International Federation- built homes on the island that were connected to the community sewerage system. Male Left: Rashida Zakaria, with two of her 12 children, who were all displaced by the Tsunami sitting outside their new home on Kudahuvadhoo Island. Alifu Dhaalu Vaavu Opposite Page Construction workers installing household septic tanks on Guraidhoo Island. Faafu Through a successful collaboration between Red Cross partners, the American Red Cross provided the household septic tanks which linked to the community sewerage Meemu system funded by the Irish Red Cross. Dhaalu Kudahavadhoo Thaa Laamu Gaafu Alifu Gaafu Dhaalu Gnaviyani Seenu 56
  • 58. 57
  • 59. Water, Sanitation and Community Construction The Maldives Haa Alifu Haa Dhaalu Shaviyani Raa Dhuvvaafaru Noonu Baa Lhaviyani Kaafu Maafushi Guraidhoo Alifu Alifu Male Alifu Dhaalu Vaavu Faafu Meemu Dhaalu Kudahavadhoo Above: Seventy-year-old Aminath Aboobaker from Maafushi Island, who has nine children and 30 grandchildren, sensed something was wrong and ran for safety as the Thaa Tsunami hit. “We were swept off our feet but luckily we were carried to the mosque and safety.” Laamu Gaafu Alifu Opposite Page Top left: Johan Schaar, IFRC Special Representative for Tsunami Operations, views Gaafu Dhaalu nearly completed houses on Kudahuvadhoo Island in February 2006. Gnaviyani Bottom right: Irish Red Cross staff member Joe Lowry and Muhammed Mustharshid, IFRC Construction Programme Officer, standing on the roof of one of the 50 houses Seenu built for Tsunami survivors on Kudahuvadhoo Island. 58
  • 60. 59
  • 61. Water, Sanitation and Community Construction The Maldives Left: Ensuring that the sewerage outflow pipes were working effectively included Haa Alifu extensive underwater technical inspections by qualified divers at depths of up to 7.5 m. Haa Dhaalu Shaviyani Raa Dhuvvaafaru Noonu Baa Lhaviyani Kaafu Maafushi Guraidhoo Alifu Alifu Male Alifu Dhaalu Vaavu Faafu Meemu Dhaalu Kudahavadhoo Thaa Laamu Gaafu Alifu Gaafu Dhaalu Gnaviyani Seenu 60
  • 62. Irish Red Cross Society Tsunami Relief Recovery Programme 2005 - 2011 The Maldives Health Care No of beneficiaries Improved waste management facilities or improved latrines 8,300 Total beneficiaries 8,300 Shelter Community Construction No of beneficiaries Community construction support 5,800 Total beneficiaries 5,800 Above: Children displaced by the Tsunami play in front of a newly built water treatment plant on Gadhdhoo Island. 61
  • 63. Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Colombo District Colombo Kalutara District Kalutara Panadura Country information: Sri Lanka has always played an important strategic Movement, the Irish Red Cross undertook programmes in four of the Districts Ampara District role in the Indian Ocean, and with 1,340km of coastline large portions of the hit hardest by the Tsunami: country have a direct connection with the sea. Sri Lanka is a similar size to Akkaraipattu Ireland, but has a population five times larger at over 20 million inhabitants, • Colombo: Massive displacement of people into the capital created a many of whom live in coastal areas. For much of the past 30 years, the island need to strengthen temporary and permanent facilities, such as shelters Karativu was gripped by a vicious civil war between the Government and the Liberation and schools. Tigers of Tamil Elam (LTTE). • Kalutara: The Irish Red Cross built apartments for nearly 300 people and a Nindavur school in Kalutara town, a maternity clinic in Panadura, and provided Impact of the Tsunami: Due to the shape of Sri Lanka and the way the assistance to over 1,000 people to restart their livelihoods. Pottuvil Tsunami spread out across the Indian Ocean, the waves hit not just the east • Ampara: Through innovative partnerships, such as the Galway-Sri Lanka coast but swirled around the top and bottom of the island. The destruction Project, the Irish Red Cross helped to rebuild 250 homes, one hospital, Vellavelli caused was particularly bad in the eastern Districts of Trincomalee, Batticaloa a water supply and distribution system for over 6,000 people, a water and Ampara, the western Districts of Galle and Kalutara, and the northern supply network for the main District hospital and provided livelihoods Weeragoda Districts of Jaffna and Mullaittivu. assistance to over 8,000 people. • Batticaloa: Through a co-ordinated approach to help rebuild Two key factors compounded the effects of the Tsunami in Sri Lanka. First of communities, the Irish Red Cross built three hospitals, over 700 homes Batticaloa District all, the wide extent of coastline hit meant that the relief effort had to cover and provided livelihoods assistance to nearly 1,500 people. an extremely large geographic area. Secondly, the civil war between the Batticaloa Government and the LTTE in the northern and eastern parts of the country was While the Irish Red Cross finalised its direct activities in Sri Lanka in June ongoing from the time of the Tsunami until mid-2009 making relief operations 2009, we continue to support the work of the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society Kallar in those areas particularly difficult. and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement through funding and provision of Irish Red Cross Delegates in Sri Lanka for our Red Cross Kathiravelli Irish Red Cross response: The Red Cross appeal for Sri Lanka highlighted the partners. Massive humanitarian needs remain in the north of the country not urgent need to rebuild vital family and community infrastructure, from housing only because of the Tsunami but also due to 30 years of conflict. The Irish Red PKK and health facilities to schools and livelihoods. Therefore, in partnership with Cross therefore continues to support these communities as they resettle back in the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society and the International Red Cross Red Crescent their communities. Santivelli Thiramaidu 62
  • 64. India N S Bay of Bengal Indian Sri Ocean Lanka Santivelli Kathiravelli Batticaloa Batticaloa District Putthukkudiyuruppa (PKK) Kallar Karativu Weeragoda Human Impact Vellavelli Sammanthurai Killed and Missing 35,322 Colombo Nindavur Injured Displaced People 21,441 516,150 Colombo District Akkaraipattu Ampara Pottuvil District Panadura Physical Damage Kalutara Kalutara District Structures Destroyed 119,562 Losses Damages 1.8 billion Reconstruction Cost of Recovery 1.8 billion Aid Pledged 2.6 billion 63
  • 65. Sri Lanka Colombo District Colombo District Colombo Kalutara District Kalutara Panadura Ampara District Akkaraipattu Karativu Nindavur Pottuvil Vellavelli Weeragoda Batticaloa District Batticaloa Kallar Schools Projects: Schools Projects: The Tsunami forced thousands of people to flee their homes in coastal provinces of Sri Lanka, and emergency shelters were set up in many schools, including around the capital Colombo, to provide immediate short- Kathiravelli term accommodation for those made homeless. Once more appropriate housing was found, many of these schools needed refurbishment work so students could return to their studies. In Colombo District, the Irish Red Cross repaired six schools and PKK provided equipment such as desks, chairs and books for 5,000 students. Above: Irish Red Cross Country Co-ordinator, Sheila Callan, speaks to school children Santivelli in Colombo in December 2005. Thiramaidu 64
  • 66. 65
  • 67. Sri Lanka Kalutara District Colombo District Colombo Kalutara District Kalutara Panadura Ampara District Akkaraipattu Karativu Above: Irish Red Cross Chairperson, David Andrews (above) cuts the ribbons at the Nindavur formal opening ceremony for the Janaraja apartment complex in October 2006, while (below) a ceremonial candle is lit as part of the traditional Hindu puja blessing. Pottuvil Vellavelli Weeragoda Batticaloa District Batticaloa Kallar Kathiravelli PKK Santivelli Thiramaidu 66
  • 68. Janaraja Apartment Complex: To ensure a comprehensive approach for the local community, the Irish Red Cross rebuilt homes, a school and provided skills training and economic assistance to over 200 families in Kalutara town. One of the first major projects that the Irish Red Cross undertook in Sri Lanka was the construction of 64 apartments for families whose homes at the seafront had been destroyed by the waves. 67
  • 69. Kalutara District Sri Lanka Colombo District Colombo Kalutara District Kalutara Panadura Ampara District Akkaraipattu Karativu Nindavur The Pat Kenny Show: TV and radio broadcaster, Pat Kenny, visited Irish Red Cross projects in Kalutara in 2005 and met with families who had lost everything in the Pottuvil Tsunami. He was shown around by Irish Red Cross staff including, Sheila Callan, Liam McCarton, Jackie Quelly and Nimal Hemachandra. Pat Kenny and his team returned in 2006 to visit the same families as they prepared to move into their Vellavelli new homes. His reports from Sri Lanka as communities rebuilt their lives won the prestigious PPI national radio current affairs award for 2006. Weeragoda Batticaloa District Batticaloa Kallar Kathiravelli PKK Santivelli Thiramaidu 68
  • 70. Sri Sumangala Boy’s School: As part of our work in rehabilitating schools which were used as emergency camps for displaced people immediately after the Tsunami, the Irish Red Cross built and equipped 20 temporary classrooms in the Sri Sumangala Boy’s School, Panadura, which were opened in January 2006. This provided classroom facilities for 3,500 students while a new school for the pupils was built. 69