This presentation is about the Disasters that happened in Baguio City, its vicinity and the impacts. All images used in this presentation are properties and copyrighted by their respective owners. ©BaguioCDRRMC 2013. All rights reserved.

1. TIMELINE OF DISASTERS
IN BAGUIO CITY & ITS IMPACT
By Julius V. Santos
Supplemented by Ryann U. Castro

2. SCOPE:
1.
History and Weather Records of Baguio City
2.
1912 Drought
3.
1972 Weather Data
4.
1974 Weather Data
5.
1989 Weather Data
6.
1990 Earthquake
7.
Historical Seismicity of Baguio City and Vicinity
8.
2009 Weather Data
9.
The Fujiwhara Effect
10. Conclusions
11. Recommendations
12. Mitigations and Preparations
2

3. HISTORY
INTERESTING FACTS

4. HISTORY
• 1903: Establishment of the first telephone system for Baguio.
• 1905: The Baguio Country Club was organized.
• 1906: Civil government authorizes the sale of residential and
commercial properties in Baguio.
• 1907: Construction of the Baguio General Hospital was started.
• 1908: Philippine Constabulary School (forerunner of the Philippine
Military Academy) was moved from Intramuros to Baguio.
• 1910: Water supply system for Baguio becomes operational.
• 1911: The first automobile travels to Baguio from Manila through
Kennon Road.
• 1913: Establishment of Sanitary Camp.
• 1919: An airplane lands for the first time at the Loakan Airport.
• 1924: A hydroelectric plant becomes operational & construction of
the Baguio Central School is completed.
4

5. 1911
“BAGYO” TERM ORIGIN

6. 1911
“BAGYO”
• Torrential rains for 3 days, 15 hours
from July 14 – 17, 1911
• 2,238.7 mm rainfall recorded at the
Mirador Observatory
6

7. 1912
EXTRAORDINARY DROUGHT

8. 1912 EXTRAORDINARY DROUGHT
DROUGHT
• Following the torrential rains of 1911, an extraordinary drought
happened in Luzon from October 01, 1911 to May 31, 1912
8

9. 1972
THE GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON

10. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
PAGASA's Explanation why it happened:
The reason of almost non-stop raining was the Typhoons that struck
the Philippines enhanced the Southwest Monsoon.
Edeng {Susan} passed first and made landfall in the Philippines.
It happened on July 5 – July 16.
Gloring {Rita} next. Even though it didn't made landfall in the
Philippines. It happened on July 6 and 27.
Rita and Tropical Storm Susan's presence strengthened the
Southwest Monsoon flow over Luzon, where torrential rains
occurring between the 17th and 21st leading to disastrous
flooding which left 214 dead, with over $150 million in damage.
Rita is the longest lasting Western Pacific tropical cyclone for 22
days.
10

11. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
EDENG
{SUSAN}
…continued
{PHYLLIS}
{TESS}
GLORING
{RITA}
11

12. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
12
…continued

13. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
Both Rita and Susan
were responsible during
much of their lifetimes for
an intensification of the
Southwest Monsoon flow
over Luzon Island that
caused additional rainfall
in an area experiencing
its worst floods since
World War II.
13
…continued

14. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
…continued
This catastrophic and exceptionally
severe flooding in the river basin
swallowed almost all of the entire
Province of Pampanga, Bulacan,
Nueva Ecija and Tarlac occurred in
July and August 1972. In fact the
1972 flooding was so extensive that it
flooded out 14 provinces in Ilocos,
Pangasinan, Central Luzon, Southern
Tagalog provinces and Metro Manila.
The Pampanga River Basin and the Agno River Basin converged over
Tarlac, making the Central Luzon and Pangasinan plains one whole
great lake in July and August of 1972.
14

15. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
AGNO River Basin
PAMPANGA River Basin
+
15
…continued

16. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
16
…continued

17. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
*Video from GMA’s 24 Oras by Lala Roque regarding The 1972 Great Flood of Luzon
17
…continued

18. THE 1972 GREAT FLOOD OF LUZON
…continued
With the consecutive weather
disturbances
and
Southwest
Monsoon Rains for more than a
month, almost all of Central Luzon
was submerged in water leaving a
death toll of 653 during this
period.
In Baguio City, 188 inches of rain fell over the city during the month of
July. At around 6:30 AM on a day of July, seven multi-storied houses
sled down the rain-soaked slope of Aurora Hill near the old Baptist
Church. Available data gathered revealed the landslide claimed the
lives of 22† men, women, children and the elderly.
18

19. 1972 PACIFIC TYPHOON SEASON
19

20. 1974

21. 1974
Tropical
Cyclone
Date
Death
Bising
65
Lliang
July 16 - 24
66
Susang
1974
Jan 8 – 11
Oct 8 - 12
26
Tering
Oct 14 - 17
13
Wening
Oct 25 - 28
Cost of
Damage
23
TOTALS
148
299 Million
Note: Regions affected to include Baguio are I, II, III, IV, V, VI & VII
21

22. 1974 PACIFIC TYPHOON SEASON
22
…continued

23. 1989

24. 1989
Tropical
Cyclone
Death
Cost of
Damage
Goring
July 14 - 17
90
1.363 B
Openg
Sept 7 - 12
41
0.580 B
Rubing
1989
Date
Oct 2 - 7
119
0.192 B
Tasing
Oct 14 - 20
47
0.883 B
297
3 Billion
TOTALS
Note: Regions affected to include Baguio are CAR, NCR, I, II, III, IV, V, VIII
24

25. 1989 PACIFIC TYPHOON SEASON
25
…continued

26. 1851-2006 PACIFIC TYPHOON SEASON
26

27. 1990

28. 1990
Hyatt Terraces
28

29. Hyatt Terraces
29

30. JULY 16, 1990
Earthquake
30

31. …continued
Hyatt Terraces
31

32. University of BAGUIO
FRB Hotel
Nevada Hotel
Siesta Inn
32

33. Park Hotel
Royal Inn
33
St. Vincent
Hilltop Hotel

34. Baguio Cathedral
EPZA/PEZA
34
Aurora Theater
Loakan Airport

35. Burnham Park
35

36. JULY 16, 1990
…continued
Aftershocks of the 1990
July 16 earthquake
Ms=7.8
Impact:
DEAD – 1,666
INJURED – 3,500
36

37. HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
BAGUIO CITY & VICINITY

38. HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
The PHIVOLCS earthquake and catalogue seismicity maps shows so
far, seven (7) historically and instrumentally recorded destructive
earthquakes (Intensity VII-IX in the adapted Rossi-Forel scale) have
affected Baguio City for the past 356 years (1645-2001). This roughly
translate into a return period of at least one destructive earthquake
(Intensity VII to IX) for every 50 years. In addition, there were four very
destructive earthquakes during the 356-year period for a return period of
at least one very destructive earthquake (Intensity VIII to IX) for every
89 years. In comparison, regional probabilistic seismic hazard
calculations by Thenhaus (1994) yielded annual probability rates of Ms:
• 6.4 to <7.0 (1 in 23 years)
• 7.0 to <7.3 (1 in 62 years)
• Ms <8.2 (1 in 166 years)
38

39. 2009

40. TROPICAL STORM “ONDOY” {KETSANA}
(September 24 – 27, 2009)
Max Center Wind: 105 kph
Gustiness: 135 kph
Speed: 11-19 kph
40

41. EFFECTS TS “ONDOY” {KETSANA}
a) Affected Population
A total of 993,227 families/4,901,234 persons were affected in
2,018 barangays, 172 municipalities, 16 cities of 26 provinces
by Tropical Storm “Ondoy” in Regions I, II, III, IV-A, IV-B, V, VI,
IX, XII, ARMM, CAR and NCR
The total number evacuated inside 244 evacuation centers were
15,798 families / 70,124 persons
b) Casualties
Breakdown of casualties is as follows:
 464 Dead
 529 Injured
 37 Missing
41

42. EFFECTS TS “ONDOY” {KETSANA}
…continued
c) Damages
Estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture
amounted to PhP11 Billion (Infrastructure PhP4.299 Billion to
include school buildings and health facilities and agriculture
PhP6.669 Billion
A total of 1,382 school buildings were damaged: 1,131
elementary and 252 including instructional materials and school
equipment amounting to PhP.642 Billion
A total of 239 day care centers were damaged in Metro Manila
A total of 203,477 hectares incurred losses of about 329.230 MT
of crops (rice, corn, high value commercial crops), fishery
products, livestock / poultry and facilities for irrigation, fishery
and livestock / poultry production were damaged
The total number of damaged houses were 185,004 (30,082
totally and 154,922 partially)
42

43. TRACK OF TS “ONDOY” {KETSANA}
Tropical Storm “ONDOY” {KETSANA}
developed within the Philippine Area of
Responsibility
on
8
AM
Thursday,
September 24, 2009
43

44. SUPER TYPHOON “PEPENG” {PARMA}
(September 30 – October 10, 2009)
Max Center Wind: 195 kph
Gustiness: 230 kph
Speed: 9-26 kph
Baguio City received 640
mm of rain during the 12hour period starting 8:00
am on October 8
44

45. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
a) Affected Population
Population affected in 5,486 barangays, 334 municipalities, and
33 cities in 27 provinces in Regions I, II, III, V, VI, CAR and NCR
– 954,087 families / 4,478,284 persons Breakdown per Region
The total number evacuated inside 54 evacuation centers were
3,258 families / 14,892 persons
b) Casualties
Reported deaths in CAR were mainly due to landslides while
those in other regions were due to drowning (same figure in
previous report)
 465 Dead
 207 Injured
 47 Missing
45

46. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
…continued
c) Damages
The total number of damaged houses were 61,869 (6,807
totally / 55,062 partially)
The estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture
were PhP27.297 Billion (infrastructure to include school
buildings and health infrastructure PhP6.799 Billion; agriculture
PhP20.495 Billion and private property PhP 0.003 Billion
Agricultural area of 428,034 hectares incurred losses of
1,052.993 MT of crops (rice, corn, high value commercial
crops, abaca and irrigation facilities)
Education facilities damaged in Regions I, II, III, V and CAR:
were 1,531 schools (1,280 Elementary and 251 High Schools)
amounting to PhP767.45 Million
46

47. TRACK OF ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
Typhoon PEPENG {PARMA} entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility on 5 PM
Wednesday, September 30, 2009
47

48. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
INCIDENTS
…continued
TOTAL
ERODED RIPRAP
FALLEN TREE / IN DANGER OF
FALLING
19
SOIL EROSION / LANDSLIDE
97
FLOOD
BAGUIO
25
41
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
1
CASUALTIES:
A) Deaths 1) Landslide
2) Accident
58
2
B) Missing
5
C) Injured
27
Note: Incidents received, monitored and recorded by CDRRMC-DOC
48

49. IMPACT
AFFECTED AREAS

50. CITY CAMP
FLOODING
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported: 2:55 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
could not be contained by the
drainage.
50

51. CRESENCIA VILLAGE
LANDSLIDE
Date: 08 October 2009
Reported: 8:00 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 23
51

52. MARCOS HIGHWAY
ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway
52

53. MARCOS HIGHWAY
ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway
53

54. KENNON ROAD
Fallen rocks and Mudslides
54

55. PINSAO PROPER
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 8:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 1
55

56. ↑ ROCK QUARRY
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 6:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 4
56

57. ↓ KITMA
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 9:56 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 8
57

58. PUROK 1, IRISAN
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 16
58

59. 59
SIMULTANEOUS INCIDENTS

60. THE FUJIWHARA EFFECT

61. THE FUJIWHARA EFFECT
The Fujiwhara effect happens when two nearby cyclonic vortices orbit
each other and close the distance between the circulations of their
corresponding low-pressure areas. Tropical cyclones typically interact
within 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) of each other.
61

62. THE FUJIWHARA EFFECT
62
…continued

63. THE FUJIWHARA EFFECT
63
…continued

64. THE FUJIWHARA EFFECT
64
…continued

65. SERVICES
LIFELINES, MOBILIZED GROUPS

66. LIFELINES
WATER
Baguio Water District continues to restore all water pipe lines that
are affected.
ELECTRICITY
BENECO continues to inspect all areas affected.
FUEL
Most of the Gasoline Stations experienced of decreasing fuel due
to inaccessible roads.
As of October 13, 2009 some gasoline stations recovered in
decreasing of fuel due to the availability of the road
66

67. MOBILIZED GROUPS
Medical-------------------
Military/Police-----------
9 Units
Com. Groups------------
15 Units
Govt. Dept.--------------
12 Agencies
Water Deliveries -------
67
9 Units
14

68. CONCLUSIONS

69. CONCLUSIONS
Baguio’s susceptibility to landslides is enhanced by extreme
weather events.
The October 2009 slope failures were primarily triggered by the
heavy precipitation brought by Typhoon Pepeng, and a combination
of other factors, both natural and human-influenced: geologic
structures, intrinsically weak soil and rock materials, over-steepened
slopes, inadequate slope protection structures, redirected drainage
and land use change.
Appropriate measures to mitigate landslides are necessary.
69

70. RECOMMENDATIONS

71. RECOMMENDATIONS
Familiarize residents with hazard map of their area
Role of Barangay and LGU’s
 Ensure compliance with zoning
 Put up appropriate signages at critical areas
 Install appropriate drainage infrastructure / engineering
measures
 Encourage Barangay-based rainfall monitoring station
Integrate curriculum on hazards and disaster mitigation
71

72. MITIGATIONS & PREPARATIONS

73. MITIGATIONS & PREPARATIONS
Conducted lectures and skills training to various government
agencies, Barangays and NGO’s
Communications, Monitoring and Warning
 Automatic Weather Station
 Automatic Water Level Monitoring System
 Radio Communications Repeater System
 Social Media, Info-board messaging
Skills enhancement and procurement of equipment
Hazard Mapping
73

74. MITIGATIONS & PREPARATIONS
74
…continued

75. QUESTIONS?
75

76. “There are three types of people in this world:
Those who make things happen,
Those who watch things happen, and
Those who wonder what happened.”
– Mary Kay Ash
76

77. THANK YOU!
77

78. REFERENCES




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
78
Wikipedia
NDRRMC
PAGASA
NOAA
Weather Philippines
Typhoon2000