2. Sentence:
Sementically, Sentence is a group of words having a
complete thought. Syntactically, a sentence starts with a capital
letter and ends with period.
For example: He is Ali, and he is a solider.
Structure of a Sentence:
There are four levels of a sentence structure.
Phrases
sentence clause phrase word
3. ∗ A phrase is a group of two or three words that works as a noun verb and adjective in
sentence is called phrase.
Types of Phrases:
∗ Noun Phrase: A group of words playing the role of noun in sentence is called noun phrase.
∗ Adjective Phrase: A group of words that describe the noun is called adjective
phrase.
∗ Verb Phrase: Verb phrase contains helping and main verb, and acts as verb.
∗ Prepositional Phrase: A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition, ends
with an object, and may have a modifier between preposition and object of
preposition.
∗ Gerund and Infinitive Phrases: Gerunds and infinitive can have with
direct objects, predicate nominative, predicative adjectives to form a gerund and
Phrase
AdjpNP VP PP GP Inf P
4. The boy won the match.
Noun Phrase (NP)
prizethewonboyThe
Det N NDet
VP NP
V
NP
5. ∗ Good boy learnt the lesson.
Adjective Phrase
NP
V
vp
NAdj
lessonthelearntboyGood
Det N
Adj P
6. Ali has written a novel.
Verb Phrase (VP)
NP
ahasAli
N NDet
written
HP
novel
MV
NPVP
7. Lahore is in the Punjab.
Prepositional Phrase (PP)
NP VP PP
Det
NPPVN
PunjabtheinisLahore
N
8. writing a novel is difficult.GP+VP+NP
Gerund Phrase
VP
G
V
GP
NP
NDet
difficultisnovelaWriting
N
NP
9. His desire is to win the match.
Infinitive Phrase
NP
Det N
VP INF P
INF
V
matchthe
To
winisdesireHis
Det
NP
N
10. His desire is to win the match.
Infinitive Phrase
NP
Det N
VP INF P
INF
V
matchthe
To
winisdesireHis
Det
NP
N
