This document outlines different aspects of family and kinship structures across cultures. It discusses control of sexual relations through practices like marriage, incest taboos, and exogamy/endogamy. It also describes forms of marriage such as monogamy, polygamy, and group marriage. Additional topics covered include choice of spouse, family and household composition, residence patterns, descent groups that trace lineage matrilineally or patrilineally, and different kinship terminologies used among cultures like the Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese.

1. FAMILY AND KINSHIP
By Jomar Joseph Cioco

2. Outline of Report
 Control of Sexual Relations
 Forms of Marriage
 Choice of Spouse
 Family and Household
 Residence Patterns
 Descent Groups
 Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems

3. Control of Sexual Relations
Trobriand Culture Japanese Culture

4. Control of Sexual Relations
• Fertile man + fertile woman
• Social Responsibilities and potential violence and
problems
• Regulations and Restrictions (permissive, semi-
permissive, non-permissive)
• Marriage

5. Control of Sexual Relations
 Marriage
 Culturallysanctioned union between two or more people
that establishes certain rights and obligations between the
people, their children and their in-laws
 Incest Taboo
 Prohibition o f sexual relations between certain close
relatives (human nature, harmful inbreeding)

6. Control of Sexual Relations
 Endogamy
 Marriage within a particular group or category
of individuals
 Exogamy
 Marriage outside the group

7. Forms of Marriage
 Monogamy
 Bothpartners have just one spouse
 Most common form
 Serial Monogamy
 Marrying series of partners in succession

8. Forms of Marriage
 Polygamy
 Once spouse having multiple spouses
 Polygyny
 Man married to many women at one time
 Polyandry
 Woman married to many men at one time

9. Forms of Marriage
 Group Marriage
 Several
men and women have sexual access to
one another

10. Forms of Marriage
 Levirate
 Woman marries one of the brothers of deceased
husband
 Sororate
 Man marries the sister of deceased wife

11. Levirate Sororate

12. Choice of Spouse
 Cousin Marriage
 Parallel cousins – child of a father’s brother or
mother’s sister
 Cross cousins – child of a mother’s brother or
father’s sister
 Same-sex Marriage

13. Choice of Spouse

14. Family and Household
 Family
 Two
or more people related by blood or marriage or
adoption
 Household
 Basicresidential unit where economic, consumption,
inheritance and child rearing are organized and carried
out

15. Family and Household
 Conjugal Family
 Family established through marriage
 Consanguineal Family
 Family of blood relatives consisting of related women,
their brothers and the women’s offspring

16. Family and Household
 Nuclear Family
One or two parents and dependent
offspring
 Extended family
Two or more related nuclear families
clustered together

17. Family and Household

18. Family and Household
 Minimal
 Supplemented Nuclear

19. Family and Household
 Cohabitation
 Unmarried couples
 Single-parent
 Cohabitation breakups

20. Residence Patterns
Patrilocal residence – married couple lives with
the husband’s father’s place of residence

21. Residence Patterns
Matrilocal Residence – married couple lives in the
wife’s mother’s place of residence

22. Residence Patterns
 Avuncolocal Residence –
married couple goes to
live with the groom’s
mother’s brother

23. Residence Patterns
 Ambilocal Residence – married
couple may choose either a
matrilocal or patrilocal residence

24. Residence Patterns
 Neolocal residence – married couple
establishes its household in a location
apart from either the husband’s or
wife’s relative

25. Descent Groups
 Kinship
Network of relatives within which
individuals possess certain mutual rights
and obligations
 Descent Group
 Anykinship group with a member lineally
descending from a common ancestor

26. Descent Groups
 Matrilineal Descent
 Descenttraced exclusively through the female line
to establish group membership
 Patrilineal Descent
 Descenttraced exclusively through the male line
to establish group membership

27. Descent Groups
Matrilineal Descent

28. Descent Groups
Patrilineal Descent

29. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Eskimo (lineal system) – emphasizes nuclear
family by specifically identifying the mother,
father, brother and sister, while lumping all
other relatives into broad categories such as
cousin, uncle and aunt.

30. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Eskimo

31. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Hawaiian (generational system) - relatives of the
same sex and generation are referred to by same
term

32. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Hawaiian

33. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Iroquois – father and father’s brother are given a
single term, as mother and mother’s sister. But
father’s sister and mother’s brother are given
separate terms. Parallel cousins are called brothers
and sisters, cross cousins are called separately.

34. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Iroquois – father and father’s brother are given a single
term, as mother and mother’s sister. But father’s sister
and mother’s brother are given separate terms. Parallel
cousins are called brothers and sisters, cross cousins are
called separately.

35. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Crow – associated with matrilineal descent in which a
father’s sister and father’s sister’s daughter are
called by the same term, mother and mother’s sister
are merged under another, and father and father’s
brother are lumped in a third. Parallel cousins are
equated with brothers and sisters.

36. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Crow – associated with matrilineal descent in which a
father’s sister and father’s sister’s daughter are called
by the same term, mother and mother’s sister are
merged under another, and father and father’s
brother are lumped in a third. Parallel cousins are
equated with brothers and sisters.

37. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Omaha – associated with patrilineal descent in which
a mother’s brother and mother’s brother’s son are
called by the same term, father and father’s brother
are merged under another, and mother and
mother’s sister are lumped in a third. Parallel
cousins are equated with brothers and sisters.

38. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Omaha – associated with patrilineal descent in which a
mother’s brother and mother’s brother’s son are called
by the same term, father and father’s brother are
merged under another, and mother and mother’s
sister are lumped in a third. Parallel cousins are
equated with brothers and sisters.

39. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Sudanese – father, father’s brother and mother’s
brother are distinguished from one another as
mother, mother’s sister and father’s sister. Cross and
parallel cousins are distinguished from each other
as well as from siblings.

40. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship
Systems
Sudanese – father, father’s brother and mother’s
brother are distinguished from one another as
mother, mother’s sister and father’s sister. Cross
and parallel cousins are distinguished from each
other as well as from siblings.

41. Sources
 Haviland, et al. The Essence of Anthropology.
Belmont: Wadsworth, 2010.
 Haviland, William. Anthropology. Belmont City:
Thomson Learning Inc., 2003.