Presentation given by Joakim Harlin at the International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo - December 2004
1) The Pungwe River Basin IWRM project
2) Reflections on typical issues, constraints and needs
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 5
IWRM in Practice on a Basin Level
1. IWRM in practice on a basin level
Contents
1) The Pungwe River Basin IWRM project
2) Reflections on typical issues, constraints and needs
Joakim Harlin, UNDP New York
2. Development of the Pungwe River Basin Joint IWRM Strategy
Co-operative effort by the
Governments of Zimbabwe
and Mozambique.
Implementing agencies:
ZINWA-Save (Zimbabwe)
ARA-Centro (Mozambique)
Supported by a team of local
and international consultants
lead by SWECO International.
February 2002 – February 2006
Financed by the Swedish
International Development
Co-operation Agency
3. Project Objectives
The project aims to create a framework for the sustainable
and equitable management, development and conservation
of the water resources of the Pungwe River Basin, with the
objective of increasing the derived social and economic
benefits for the people living in the basin.
In short: To develop a joint IWRM strategy and build
capacity for its implementation and upgrading
4. The Pungwe River … a few facts
31 151 km2 catchment area of which 95 % in Mozambique
and 5% in Zimbabwe
Mean natural annual runoff of about 133 m3/s of which 25-
30 % from Zimbabwe.
Minimum flow ~ 4 m3/s, maximum >3000 m3/s
Population: 2003 - 1,2 million 2023 – 2,0 million
Urban centres: Beira - 400’, Gondola – 190’, Nhamatanda –
140’
Widespread poverty – 75% of rural households below
income for basic needs
Diarrhoea and cholera common due to unsafe drinking
water
About 20% of the population HIV positive
Agriculture: Tea, coffee, sugarcane, maize
Tourism: Nyanga and Gorongosa national parks
6. The Monograph Phase
• Improving the knowledgebase for
the development of the water
resources through 13 sector studies
• Building of database, GIS and data
exchange platform
• Field surveys and data collection
• Training and transfer of technology
(hydrological models and GIS)
• Institutional support and capacity
building
• Stakeholder communication and
participation (basin committee)
SECTOR STUDIES
Surface water
Gauging networks
Groundwater
Dams and other
hydraulic works
Water quality and
sediment
Pollution
Water supply and
sanitation
Irrigation and forestry
Fisheries
Conservation areas,
wildlife and tourism
Environmental flow
requirements
Infrastructure
Socio-economy
7. Development Scenarios … investment planning
2005, 2015, 2025:
Constrained or un-constrained
demand?
Demand or supply
driven? Who's demand?
Dams - small, medium
and large for hydropower,
agriculture, flood and
drought mitigation,
control of saltwater
intrusion, fishing,
recreation & tourism.
WRYM modelling to
asses effects - available
yield from the various
alternatives.
8. Development Scenarios … benefits?
Socio-economic and
environmental screening.
Technical, financial and
economic analysis. Ranking.
Stakeholder consultations –
client / basin committees
Joint development of
supporting infrastructure e.g.
transport, marketing and
trading mechanisms
1. Benefits to the River
bb
2. Benefits from the river
3. Reduced costs and tension
4. Benefits beyond the river
(C. Sadoff & D. Gray, Water Policy 2002)
Economic Development
Social Equity
Environmental sustainability
9. IWRM strategy? The process of establishing:
• An improved knowledgebase
• An agreed set of sustainable investment
projects – implementation plan for the
prioritised investments
• Active stakeholder participation (basin
committees)
• Institutional capacity to manage, implement
and upgrade
• Management instruments - gauging
networks, water allocation procedures,
information systems, models, water demand
management and economic instruments
• An enabling environment for joint IWRM -
national and international co-operation
(cross-sectoral), information sharing, water
17. ”Technical needs” to enable water management
Functioning gauging
networks
Technology adapted to
scarce data access and
to the ability to use and
develop this technology–
technical, staffing and
funding resources.
Lack of hydraulic
infrastructure – dams,
canals pumps etc.
- Inability to monitor and enforce (quantity and quality)
- Inability to forecast, warn and regulate flows
18. Institutional and Governance constraints, e.g…
Inadequate management and want of common
goals
Unclear definition of functions and
responsibilities
Lack of and/or change of qualified staff
Understanding of IWRM – capacity building
Insufficient and/or unclear funding
Revenue collection – willingness and ability to pay
for raw water?
Hidden agendas, corruption
Political and macro-economic factors
Poor coordination on all levels!
Transparency with plans and information?
Water allocation and permit procedures?
Willingness and ability to share data?
Differences in legislation
Connection with decision makers?
19. Stakeholder participation, some reflections..
• What are the incentives for stakeholders to be involved
in IWRM – local, basin, national and international?
• Legal rights – empowerment of weak stakeholder
groups? Are the Authorities willing?
• How involve stakeholders in investment planning,
collection of water tariffs and levies and monitoring and
enforcement of water permits? Water a free commodity?
• Establishing stakeholder
participation e.g. basin
committee / water user
associations - takes time
and is very input
demanding!