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Allow/ə'lɑʊ/
Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ 
• verb T
Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ 
• verb T 
• to let someone do something or let something 
happen; permit
Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ 
• verb T 
• to let someone do something or let something 
happen; permit 
• You’re not allowed to talk during the exam.
Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ 
• verb T 
• to let someone do something or let something 
happen; permit 
• You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. 
• Are you allowed in the building on weekends?
Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ 
• verb T 
• to let someone do something or let something 
happen; permit 
• You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. 
• Are you allowed in the building on weekends? 
• They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be 
influenced by television.
Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ 
• verb T 
• to let someone do something or let something 
happen; permit 
• You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. 
• Are you allowed in the building on weekends? 
• They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be 
influenced by television. 
اجازه دادن •
At the end of
At the end of 
• ≠ at the beginning of
At the end of 
• ≠ at the beginning of 
در انتهای , در پایان •
end /end/
end /end/ 
• verb I/T
end /end/ 
• verb I/T 
• Finish
end /end/ 
• verb I/T 
• Finish 
• T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran.
end /end/ 
• verb I/T 
• Finish 
• T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran. 
• How did you end struggle over the program?
end /end/ 
• verb I/T 
• Finish 
• T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran. 
• How did you end struggle over the program? 
پایان دادن, خاتمه دادن •
Word formation: 
• ending /'en·dɪŋ / noun C 
• endless /'en·dləs / adjective 
• endlessly /'en·dlə·sli /adverb
At the front
At the front 
در جبهه , در جلو •
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ 
• noun U, adjective
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ 
• noun U, adjective 
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ 
• noun U, adjective 
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal 
• The quality of her work is well above average.
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ 
• noun U, adjective 
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal 
• The quality of her work is well above average. 
• "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just 
average."
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ 
• noun U, adjective 
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal 
• The quality of her work is well above average. 
• "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just 
average." 
• I’m 35 and my brothers are 32 and 26, so the 
average of our ages is 31.
Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ 
• noun U, adjective 
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal 
• The quality of her work is well above average. 
• "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just 
average." 
• I’m 35 and my brothers are 32 and 26, so the 
average of our ages is 31. 
میانگین , متوسط ,معمولی •
careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/
careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/ 
• adjective
careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/ 
• Adjective 
• giving attention to something
careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/ 
• Adjective 
• giving attention to something 
• Norman is a careful driver. 
• Be careful about what you say to her.
careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/ 
• Adjective 
• giving attention to something 
• Norman is a careful driver. 
• Be careful about what you say to her. 
مواظب , مراقب, با احتیلط •
Word formation:
Word formation: 
• Care (n) دقت, توجه
Word formation: 
• Care (n) دقت, توجه 
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط
Word formation: 
• Care (n) دقت, توجه 
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط 
• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط
Word formation: 
• Care (n) دقت, توجه 
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط 
• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط 
• Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه
Word formation: 
• Care (n) دقت, توجه 
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط 
• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط 
• Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه 
• Carelessly(adv) (adjective + -ly → adverb) 
با بی دقتی, با بی توجهی •
Word formation: 
• Care (n) دقت, توجه 
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط 
• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط 
• Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه 
• Carelessly(adv) (adjective + -ly → adverb) 
با بی دقتی, با بی توجهی • 
• Carelessness (n) (adj + -ness →noun ) بی دقتی
Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/
Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ 
• noun C/U , verb
Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ 
• noun C/U , verb 
• C: an interest in chess
Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ 
• noun C/U , verb 
• C: an interest in chess 
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book.
Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ 
• noun C/U , verb 
• C: an interest in chess 
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book. 
• “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s 
mathematics.”
Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ 
• noun C/U , verb 
• C: an interest in chess 
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book. 
• “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s 
mathematics.” 
• Painting has never interested me.
Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ 
• noun C/U , verb 
• C: an interest in chess 
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book. 
• “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s 
mathematics.” 
• Painting has never interested me. 
, سود(بانکی), علقه ,دلبستگی •
Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ 
• noun C/U , verb 
• C: an interest in chess 
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book. 
• “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s 
mathematics.” 
• Painting has never interested me. 
, سود(بانکی), علقه ,دلبستگی • 
علقه مند کردن, جذب کردن •
Word formation:
Word formation: 
• Interest (v,n) علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن
Word formation: 
• Interest (v,n) علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن 
• Interested (adj) Verb + -ed → adj علقه مند
Word formation: 
• Interest (v,n) علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن 
• Interested (adj) Verb + -ed → adj علقه مند 
• Interesting (adj) Verb + -ing → adj جالب
Word formation: 
• Interest (v,n) علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن 
• Interested (adj) Verb + -ed → adj علقه مند 
• Interesting (adj) Verb + -ing → adj جالب 
• Interestingly (adv) adj+ ly →adv با علقه مندی
behave /bɪ'heɪv
behave /bɪ'heɪv/ 
• verb I/T
behave /bɪ'heɪv 
• verb I/T 
• to act in a particular way, or to act in a way 
that is correct
behave /bɪ'heɪv 
• verb I/T 
• to act in a particular way, or to act in a way 
that is correct 
• I : The teacher will instruct the students on 
how it is to behave.
behave /bɪ'heɪv 
• verb I/T 
• to act in a particular way, or to act in a way 
that is correct 
• I : The teacher will instruct the students on 
how it is to behave. 
• The researchers wanted to know how families 
would behave if they didn’t watch TV.
behave /bɪ'heɪv/ 
• verb I/T 
• to act in a particular way, or to act in a way 
that is correct 
• I : The teacher will instruct the students on 
how it is to behave. 
• The researchers wanted to know how families 
would behave if they didn’t watch TV. 
رفتار کردن •
Word formation:
Word formation: 
• Behave(v) =رفتار کردن
Word formation: 
• Behave(v) =رفتار کردن 
• Behavior = behaviour(n) =رفتار
Word formation: 
• Behave(v) =رفتار کردن 
• Behavior = behaviour(n) =رفتار 
• Behavioral = behavioural (adj) =رفتاری
Case/keɪs/
Case/keɪs/ 
• noun C
Case/keɪs/ 
• noun C 
• a particular example of something
Case/keɪs/ 
• noun C 
• a particular example of something 
• It was a case of not knowing what to say.
Case/keɪs/ 
• noun C 
• a particular example of something 
• It was a case of not knowing what to say. 
• She said I didn’t accept to answer the 
question, but that is not the case.
Case/keɪs/ 
• noun C 
• a particular example of something 
• It was a case of not knowing what to say. 
• She said I didn’t accept to answer the 
question, but that is not the case. 
• Children’s eyesight improved in several cases.
Case/keɪs/ 
• noun C 
• a particular example of something 
• It was a case of not knowing what to say. 
• She said I didn’t accept to answer the 
question, but that is not the case. 
• Children’s eyesight improved in several cases. 
مورد, نمونه •
Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/
Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ 
• adjective
Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ 
• adjective 
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain
Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ 
• adjective 
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain 
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are 
you certain?"
Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ 
• adjective 
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain 
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are 
you certain?" 
• One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.
Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ 
• adjective 
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain 
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are 
you certain?" 
• One thing is certain – They didn’t play well. 
• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there.
Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ 
• adjective 
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain 
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are 
you certain?" 
• One thing is certain – They didn’t play well. 
• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there. 
• I’m not certain how much it will cost.
Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ 
• adjective 
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain 
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are 
you certain?" 
• One thing is certain – They didn’t play well. 
• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there. 
• I’m not certain how much it will cost. 
• Sure, مطمئن ,معین ,مشخص
Word formation 
• Certain(adj) ≠ uncertain 
• Certainly(adv) 
• Certainty(n)
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ 
• noun C
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ 
• noun C 
• a television station
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ 
• noun C 
• a television station 
• She switched to another channel to 
watch the news.
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ 
• noun C 
• a television station 
• She switched to another channel to 
watch the news. 
• There are 20 TV channels in Iran.
channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ 
• noun C 
• a television station 
• She switched to another channel to 
watch the news. 
• There are 20 TV channels in Iran. 
شبکه ، کانال •
choose /tʃu:z/
choose /tʃu:z/
choose /tʃu:z/
choose /tʃu:z/
choose /tʃu:z/
choose /tʃu:z/ 
• verb I/T
choose /tʃu:z/ 
• verb I/T 
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen
choose /tʃu:z/ 
• verb I/T 
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen 
• Parents can choose the schools that they want their 
kids to go to.
choose /tʃu:z/ 
• verb I/T 
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen 
• Parents can choose the schools that they want their 
kids to go to. 
• There was not much to choose between them. They 
are similar.
choose /tʃu:z/ 
• verb I/T 
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen 
• Parents can choose the schools that they want their 
kids to go to. 
• There was not much to choose between them. They 
are similar. 
• You can choose between as many as 40 different 
books.
choose /tʃu:z/ 
• verb I/T 
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen 
• Parents can choose the schools that they want their 
kids to go to. 
• There was not much to choose between them. They 
are similar. 
• You can choose between as many as 40 different 
books. 
انتخاب کردن •
choice /tʃɔɪs/
choice /tʃɔɪs/
choice /tʃɔɪs/
choice /tʃɔɪs/ 
• noun C/U:
choice /tʃɔɪs/ 
• noun C/U: 
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه
choice /tʃɔɪs/ 
• noun C/U: 
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه 
• a difficult/easy choice
choice /tʃɔɪs/ 
• noun C/U: 
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه 
• a difficult/easy choice 
• C: Well, I still think people have a choice.
choice /tʃɔɪs/ 
• noun C/U: 
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه 
• a difficult/easy choice 
• C: Well, I still think people have a choice. 
• C: I asked if I could have a choice.
choice /tʃɔɪs/ 
• noun C/U: 
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه 
• a difficult/easy choice 
• C: Well, I still think people have a choice. 
• C: I asked if I could have a choice. 
• We have no choice but to drive to the airport.
choice /tʃɔɪs/ 
• noun C/U: 
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه 
• a difficult/easy choice 
• C: Well, I still think people have a choice. 
• C: I asked if I could have a choice. 
• We have no choice but to drive to the airport. 
• They have many choices to choose from.
Word formation 
• Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن
Word formation 
• Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن 
• Chose انتخاب کرد
Word formation 
• Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن 
• Chose انتخاب کرد 
• Chosen= انتخاب کرده , انتخاب شده
Word formation 
• Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن 
• Chose انتخاب کرد 
• Chosen= انتخاب کرده , انتخاب شده 
• Choosy= دقیق , وسواس
Word formation 
• Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن 
• Chose انتخاب کرد 
• Chosen= انتخاب کرده , انتخاب شده 
• Choosy= دقیق , وسواس 
• Choice= گزینه , انتخاب
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ 
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ 
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ 
• noun U
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ 
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ 
• noun U 
• colourful
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ 
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ 
• noun U 
• colourful 
• adjective
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ 
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ 
• noun U 
• colourful 
• adjective 
• having different colors and therefore 
interesting
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ 
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ 
• noun U 
• colourful 
• adjective 
• having different colors and therefore 
interesting 
• He had bought a colorful dress for her little 
daughter.
Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ 
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ 
• noun U 
• colourful 
• adjective 
• having different colors and therefore 
interesting 
• He had bought a colorful dress for her little 
daughter. 
رنگارنگ •
Word formation: 
• Color ( n) 
• Coloring(n) v + -ing → n 
• Colorful (adj) n + -ful → adj 
• Colorless(adj) n + less → adj 
• Color(v) 
• Colored(adj) v + -ed → adj
continue /kəntɪn·ju/
continue /kəntɪn·ju/ 
ادامه دادن
continue /kəntɪn·ju/ 
• verb I/T
continue /kəntɪn·ju/ 
• verb I/T 
• 1- to keep happening or to keep doing 
something without stopping
continue /kəntɪn·ju/ 
• verb I/T 
• 1- to keep happening or to keep doing 
something without stopping 
• + to do something: 
• If it continues to rain, we may have to cancel 
the outdoor concert.
continue /kəntɪn·ju/ 
• verb I/T 
• 1- to keep happening or to keep doing 
something without stopping 
• + to do something: 
• I will continue to say what I believe.
continue /kəntɪn·ju/ 
• verb I/T 
• 1- to keep happening or to keep doing 
something without stopping 
• + doing something: 
• They continued hoping there would be 
additional survivors.
continue /kəntɪn·ju/ 
• verb I/T 
• 2- You can also continue to do something or 
continue doing something if you start to do it 
again after a pause: 
• T: After a break for lunch, they continued their 
discussions.
Word formation: 
• Continue (v) ادامه دادن 
• Continual (adj) n + -al →adj تکراری,ادامه دار 
• Continually(adv) adj + -ly → adv 
• Continuous (adj) n + -ous → adj بی وقفه 
• Continuously (adv) adj + -ly → adv 
• Continuation (n) v + -ation → n ادامه,دنباله 
• Continuity (n) v + ity → n تداوم
daily /deɪ·li/ 
• adjective, adverb not gradable 
• happening on or relating to every day, or 
every working day 
• Take the pills (medicines) twice daily. 
• Exercise is part of my daily routine. 
روزانه •
among /əmʌŋ/ 
amongst /əmʌŋst/ 
• preposition 
• 1- in the middle of or surrounded by: 
• She felt lonely among all these strange 
people.
among /əmʌŋ/ 
amongst /əmʌŋst/ 
• preposition 
• 2- Among also means as part of a group or in 
the group of people or things named: 
• They talked about it among themselves. 
• Among the problems we have to solve, 
improving education is probably the most 
difficult. 
میان •
effect /ɪfekt/ 
• noun C/U 
• RESULT 
• the result of a particular influence; something 
that happens because of something else 
• C: The medicine had the effect of making me 
sleepy.
effect /ɪfekt/ 
• noun C/U 
• RESULT 
• the result of a particular influence; something 
that happens because of something else 
• U: The new management actually has not had 
much effect on us. 
اثر,تاثیر •
Affect /əfekt / 
• verb T 
• INFLUENCE 
• to have an influence on someone or 
something 
• The disease only affects farm animals. 
• I was deeply affected by the film. 
اثر گذاشتن •
Word formation: 
• Effect ( v ,n) 
• Effective ( adj) v + -ive → adj 
• Effectively adv + ly → adv 
• Effectiveness adj + -ness → n 
• Effectual n + -al → adj 
• Affect ( v ) 
• Affected ( adj ) v + -ed → adj 
• Affectation v + -ation → n
influence /ɪnflu·əns/ 
• verb T 
• to cause someone to change a behavior, 
belief, or opinion, or to cause something to be 
changed 
• Religion can influence people’s opinion a lot.
influence /ɪnflu·əns/ 
• noun C/U 
• the power to have an effect on people or 
things, or someone or something having such 
power 
• C: The kid next door is a bad/good influence 
on my little brother. 
• U: She used her influence to get her son a 
summer job. 
تاثیر , تاثیر گذاشتن •
Word formation 
• Influence (n,v) تاثیر, تاثیر گذاشتن 
• Influential(adj) تاثیر گذار , موثر , با نفوذ
except /ɪksept/ 
• preposition, conjunction 
• 1- not including; but not 
• It’s cool and quiet everywhere except (for) the 
kitchen. 
• Everyone is here except Peter. 
به جز •
except /ɪksept/ 
• preposition, conjunction 
• 2- Except also means with this difference or in 
this case only: 
• The twins look exactly alike except (that) one 
is slightly taller. 
با این تفاوت •
except /ɪksept/ 
• verb T 
• to not include something or someone 
• When I say I didn’t like the Midwest, I except 
Chicago. 
استثنا کردن •
Word formation: 
• Except (prep)=but = به جز 
• Except (v)= استثنا کردن 
• Excepting (prep) = به استثنای 
• Exception ( n)= استثنا v + -ion → n 
• Exceptional= استثنایی n + -al → adj 
• Exceptionally adj + ly → adv
experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/
experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/
experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/
experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/
experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/
experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/
experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/ 
• noun C/U 
• a test done in order to learn something or to 
discover whether something works or is true 
• C: His experiments were planned to find better 
ways of using heat energy. 
امتحان •
experiment /ɪksper·əment/ 
• verb I 
• to test or to try a new way of doing something 
• The school is experimenting with new teaching 
methods. 
• experimentation /ɪkˌsper·ə·mənˈteɪ·ʃən, - 
ˌspɪr-/ noun U 
امتحان کردن •
Word formation; 
• Experiment ( n) تست, تجربه 
• Experiment ( v ) تست کردن , تجربه کردن 
• Experimentation ( n ) v + -ation → n آزمایش 
• Experimental ( adj ) n + -al → adj , ت جربی 
آزمایشی
eyesight /ɑɪ·sɑɪt /
eyesight /ɑɪ·sɑɪt / 
• noun U
eyesight /ɑɪ·sɑɪt / 
• noun U 
• the ability to see , seeing
eyesight /ɑɪ·sɑɪt / 
• noun U 
• the ability to see , seeing 
• Her eyesight is not as good as it was before.
eyesight /ɑɪ·sɑɪt / 
• noun U 
• the ability to see , seeing 
• Her eyesight is not as good as it was before. 
بینایی •
future /fju:·tʃər/
future /fju:·tʃər/ 
• noun C/U
future /fju:·tʃər/ 
• noun C/U 
• time which is to come, or sth that will happen 
or exist later
future /fju:·tʃər/ 
• noun C/U 
• time which is to come, or something that will 
happen or exist later 
• What are your plans for the future?
future /fju:·tʃər/ 
• noun C/U 
• time which is to come, or something that will 
happen or exist later 
• What are your plans for the future? 
• We hope to buy a house in the near future.
future /fju:·tʃər/ 
• noun C/U 
• time which is to come, or something that will 
happen or exist later 
• What are your plans for the future? 
• We hope to buy a house in the near future. 
• He faces an uncertain future.
future /fju:·tʃər/ 
• noun C/U 
• time which is to come, or something that will 
happen or exist later 
• What are your plans for the future? 
• We hope to buy a house in the near future. 
• He faces an uncertain future. 
• I really don’t expect any change in the near 
future
future /fju:·tʃər/ 
• noun C/U 
• time which is to come, or something that will 
happen or exist later 
• What are your plans for the future? 
• We hope to buy a house in the near future. 
• He faces an uncertain future. 
• I really don’t expect any change in the near 
future 
آینده •
get …away from
get …away from 
• phrasal verb
get …away from 
• phrasal verb 
• to leave or escape
get …away from 
• phrasal verb 
• to leave or escape 
• Take away from
get …away from 
• phrasal verb 
• to leave or escape 
• Take away from 
• Wouldn’t it be nice to get away for a 
weekend?
get …away from 
• phrasal verb 
• to leave or escape 
• Take away from 
• Wouldn’t it be nice to get away for a 
weekend? 
دور کردن از ، جدا کردن از •
harm /hɑrm/
harm /hɑrm/ 
• noun U
harm /hɑrm/ 
• noun U 
• physical or other injury or damage
harm /hɑrm/ 
• noun U 
• physical or other injury or damage 
• She didn’t come to any harm when the car 
stopped suddenly.
harm /hɑrm/ 
• noun U 
• physical or other injury or damage 
• She didn’t come to any harm when the car 
stopped suddenly. 
• Maybe Jim can help you – there’s no harm in 
asking.
harm /hɑrm/ 
• noun U 
• physical or other injury or damage 
• She didn’t come to any harm when the car 
stopped suddenly. 
• Maybe Jim can help you – there’s no harm in 
asking. 
ضرر ، آسیب •
harm /hɑrm/ 
• verb T 
آسیب رساندن •
harmful /hɑrm·fəl/
harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ 
• adjective
harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ 
• adjective 
• ≠ useful
harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ 
• adjective 
• ≠ useful 
• This group of chemicals is known to be 
harmful to the environment.
harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ 
• adjective 
• ≠ useful 
• This group of chemicals is known to be 
harmful to the environment. 
• Smoking is harmful for our body.
harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ 
• adjective 
• ≠ useful 
• This group of chemicals is known to be 
harmful to the environment. 
• Smoking is harmful for our body. 
مضر •
harmless /hɑrm·ləs/ 
• adjective 
• not able or likely to cause( make ) harm 
• Some think television hurts children and others 
say it is harmless. 
بی ضرر •
Word formation: 
• Harm ( v ) 
• Harm ( n ) 
• Harmful ( adj ) n + -ful → adj 
• Harmless ( adj ) n + - less → adj
holiday /hɑl·ədeɪ/ 
• noun C
holiday /hɑl·ədeɪ/ 
• noun C 
• 1- a day when many people don’t work
holiday /hɑl·ədeɪ/ 
• noun C 
• 1- a day when many people don’t work 
• a national holiday
holiday /hɑl·ədeɪ/ 
• noun C 
• 1- a day when many people don’t work 
• a national holiday 
• 2- Canadian , British: A holiday is a vacation .
housewife /hɑʊs·wɑɪf/
housewife /hɑʊs·wɑɪf/ 
• noun C
housewife /hɑʊs·wɑɪf/ 
• noun C 
• Pl: housewives
housewife /hɑʊs·wɑɪf/ 
• noun C 
• Pl: housewives 
• A woman who manages a home and family 
instead of earning money from a job
housewife /hɑʊs·wɑɪf/ 
• noun C 
• Pl: housewives 
• A woman who manages a home and family 
instead of earning money from a job 
زن خانه دار •
How often 
• = how many times… 
• “How often do you go to a dentist?” 
• “I’ll do it once a year.” 
هرچند وقت .... ؟ •
improve /ɪmpru:v/
improve /ɪmpru:v/ 
• verb I/T
improve /ɪmpru:v/ 
• verb I/T 
• to get better, or to make sth better
improve /ɪmpru:v/ 
• verb I/T 
• to get better, or to make sth better 
• I: Her grades have improved greatly this 
semester (term).
improve /ɪmpru:v/ 
• verb I/T 
• to get better, or to make sth better 
• I: Her grades have improved greatly this 
semester (term). 
• T: He did a lot to improve conditions for 
factory workers.
improve /ɪmpru:v/ 
• verb I/T 
• to get better, or to make sth better 
• I: Her grades have improved greatly this 
semester (term). 
• T: He did a lot to improve conditions for 
factory workers. 
بهبود یافتن ، اصلح کردن ، اصلح شدن •
improvement /ɪmpru:v·mənt/ 
• noun C/U 
• C: We made some improvements to the house 
before selling it. 
• U: There’s been no improvement in his 
condition
movie /mu:·vi/
movie /mu:·vi/ 
• noun C
movie /mu:·vi/ 
• noun C 
• 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a 
story, usually shown in a theater or on 
television; film
movie /mu:·vi/ 
• noun C 
• 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a 
story, usually shown in a theater or on 
television; film 
• 2- A movie theater is a building in which 
movies are shown.
movie /mu:·vi/ 
• noun C 
• 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a 
story, usually shown in a theater or on 
television; film 
• 2- A movie theater is a building in which 
movies are shown. 
فیلم ، سالن نمایش فیلم •
movies /mu:·vi:z/
movies /mu:·vi:z/ 
• plural noun
movies /mu:·vi:z/ 
• plural noun 
• the showing of movies at a theater, cinema
movies /mu:·vi:z/ 
• plural noun 
• the showing of movies at a theater, cinema 
• We went to the movies last night.
movies /mu:·vi:z/ 
• plural noun 
• the showing of movies at a theater, cinema 
• We went to the movies last night. 
سینما •
music /mju·zɪk/
music /mju·zɪk/ 
• noun U
music /mju·zɪk/ 
• noun U 
• Classical / folk / country / rap music
music /mju·zɪk/ 
• noun U 
• Classical / folk / country / rap music 
• She started composing music when she was 
14.
music /mju·zɪk/ 
• noun U 
• Classical / folk / country / rap music 
• She started composing music when she was 
14. 
موسیقی •
Word formation 
• music /mju·zɪk/ noun U 
• musical /mju·zɪ·kəl/ adjective 
• musician /mjʊzɪʃ·ən/ noun C
observe /əbzɜrv/
observe /əbzɜrv/ 
• verb T
observe /əbzɜrv/ 
• verb T 
• to watch something or someone carefully
observe /əbzɜrv/ 
• verb T 
• to watch something or someone carefully 
• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey
observe /əbzɜrv/ 
• verb T 
• to watch something or someone carefully 
• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey 
• In their trip, the students observed how a 
newspaper was put together.
observe /əbzɜrv/ 
• verb T 
• to watch something or someone carefully 
• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey 
• In their trip, the students observed how a 
newspaper was put together. 
مشاهده کردن •
Word formation 
• observe /əbzɜrv/ verb T 
• observation /ɑb·zərveɪ·ʃən/ noun C/U 
مشاهده ، نتیجه • 
• observer /əbzɜr·vər/ noun C
observe /əbzɜrv/ 
Other meaning:
Word formation: 
• Observe= مشاهده کردن 
• Observation 
• Observatory= رصدخانه 
• Observable= قابل مشاهده 
• Observant= مراقب, هوشیار 
• Observer= ناظر
twice /twɑɪs/
twice /twɑɪs/ 
• Adverb
twice /twɑɪs/ 
• adverb 
• two times
twice /twɑɪs/ 
• adverb 
• two times 
• Take the medicine twice a day.
twice /twɑɪs/ 
• adverb 
• two times 
• Take the medicine twice a day. 
• I’ve already asked him twice.
twice /twɑɪs/ 
• adverb 
• two times 
• Take the medicine twice a day. 
• I’ve already asked him twice. 
دو بار •
Similar words: 
• Once = one time 
• Twice = two times 
• three times 
• Four times 
• . 
• . 
• .
once /wʌns/ 
• adverb , conjunction 
• in the past, but not now, as soon as, or when 
• I lived in Milwaukee once. 
• Computers are much cheaper now than they 
once were. 
• Once you’ve tried their ice cream, you’ll be 
back for more.
at once 
• IDIOMS 
• immediately, at the same time 
• You have to call him at once . 
• Everything happened at once – she graduated, 
got a job, and got married, all in June! 
فوری ، همزمان •
period /pɪr·i·əd/
period /pɪr·i·əd/ 
• noun C
period /pɪr·i·əd/ 
• noun C 
• a length of time, a particular time
period /pɪr·i·əd/ 
• noun C 
• a length of time, a particular time 
• The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month 
period.
period /pɪr·i·əd/ 
• noun C 
• a length of time, a particular time 
• The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month 
period. 
• There was no scoring in the second period.
period /pɪr·i·əd/ 
• noun C 
• a length of time, a particular time 
• The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month 
period. 
• There was no scoring in the second period. 
دوره زمانی •
power /pɑʊ·ər/
power /pɑʊ·ər/ 
• noun U
power /pɑʊ·ər/ 
• noun U 
• the ability or right to control people, strength
power /pɑʊ·ər/ 
• noun U 
• the ability or right to control people, strength 
• Push the power to turn on the computer.
power /pɑʊ·ər/ 
• noun U 
• the ability or right to control people, strength 
• Push the power to turn on the computer. 
نیرو, قدرت •
power /pɑʊ·ər/ 
• noun U 
• the ability or right to control people, strength 
• Push the power to turn on the computer. 
نیرو, قدرت • 
• powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective
power /pɑʊ·ər/ 
• noun U 
• the ability or right to control people, strength 
• Push the power to turn on the computer. 
نیرو, قدرت • 
• powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective 
• having a lot of power = strong
power /pɑʊ·ər/ 
• noun U 
• the ability or right to control people, strength 
• Push the power to turn on the computer. 
نیرو, قدرت • 
• powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective 
• having a lot of power = strong 
• He is a good swimmer. He has powerful arms.
Word formation: 
• Empower (v) 
• Power (n , v ) 
• Powerful (adj) 
• Powerless( adj ) 
• Powerfully( adv )
practice /præk·təs/
practice /præk·təs/ 
• noun C/U / verb T
practice /præk·təs/ 
• noun C/U / verb T 
• esp. Canadian, British practise
practice /præk·təs/ 
• noun C/U / verb T 
• esp. Canadian, British practise 
• something that is usually done, often as a 
habit
practice /præk·təs/ 
• noun C/U / verb T 
• esp. Canadian, British practise 
• something that is usually done, often as a 
habit 
• U: It was his usual practice to buy a 
newspaper every morning on the way to the 
office.
practice /præk·təs/ 
• noun C/U / verb T 
• esp. Canadian, British practise 
• something that is usually done, often as a 
habit 
• U: It was his usual practice to buy a 
newspaper every morning on the way to the 
office. 
تمرین کردن •
pressure /preʃ·ər/
pressure /preʃ·ər/ 
• noun C/U
pressure /preʃ·ər/ 
• noun C/U 
• a strong influence on an organization or 
person
pressure /preʃ·ər/ 
• noun C/U 
• a strong influence on an organization or 
person 
• C: Social pressures will force the company to 
sell off its factories.
pressure /preʃ·ər/ 
• noun C/U 
• a strong influence on an organization or 
person 
• C: Social pressures will force the company to 
sell off its factories. 
• U: They put a lot of pressure on him to leave 
the job.
pressure /preʃ·ər/ 
• noun C/U 
• a strong influence on an organization or 
person 
• C: Social pressures will force the company to 
sell off its factories. 
• U: They put a lot of pressure on him to leave 
the job. 
فشار، تاثیر •
probable /prɑb·ə·bəl /
probable /prɑb·ə·bəl / 
• adjective
probable /prɑb·ə·bəl / 
• adjective 
• likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe
probable /prɑb·ə·bəl / 
• adjective 
• likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe 
• The doctor said that the most probable 
cause(reason) of death was smoking.
probable /prɑb·ə·bəl / 
• adjective 
• likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe 
• The doctor said that the most probable 
cause(reason) of death was smoking. 
محتمل •
Other forms 
• probable /prɑb·ə·bəl /adjective 
• probably /prɑb·ə·bli/ adverb 
• probability /prɑb·əbɪl·ət·̬i /noun C/U 
• the likelihood of something happening or 
being true
recent /ri:·sənt /
recent /ri:·sənt / 
• adjective
recent /ri:·sənt / 
• adjective 
• having happened or having been done a short 
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو
recent /ri:·sənt / 
• adjective 
• having happened or having been done a short 
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو 
• He sent me a copy of his most recent story.
recent /ri:·sənt / 
• adjective 
• having happened or having been done a short 
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو 
• He sent me a copy of his most recent story. 
• A recent study shows that most of the country-music 
audience(listeners) is women.
recent /ri:·sənt / 
• adjective 
• having happened or having been done a short 
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو 
• He sent me a copy of his most recent story. 
• A recent study shows that most of the country-music 
audience(listeners) is women. 
• recently /ri:·sənt·li/ adverb= به تازگی ، اخیرا
recent /ri:·sənt / 
• adjective 
• having happened or having been done a short 
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو 
• He sent me a copy of his most recent story. 
• A recent study shows that most of the country-music 
audience(listeners) is women. 
• recently /ri:·sənt·li/ adverb= به تازگی ، اخیرا 
• To find out, an usual experiment was done 
recently.
relax /rɪlæks/
relax /rɪlæks/ 
• verb I/T
relax /rɪlæks/ 
• verb I/T 
• to become calm and comfortable, and not 
worried , rest
relax /rɪlæks/ 
• verb I/T 
• to become calm and comfortable, and not 
worried , rest 
• You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit 
down and relax?
relax /rɪlæks/ 
• verb I/T 
• to become calm and comfortable, and not 
worried , rest 
• You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit 
down and relax? 
• T: This exercise will help you to relax your neck 
muscles.
relax /rɪlæks/ 
• verb I/T 
• to become calm and comfortable, and not 
worried , rest 
• You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit 
down and relax? 
• T: This exercise will help you to relax your neck 
muscles. 
استراحت کردن ، آرام شدن •
Word formation 
• relax /rɪlæks/ verb I/T 
• relaxation /ri:lækseɪ·ʃən/ noun U 
• relaxed /rɪlækst/ adjective 
• comfortable and informal 
• When he saw his son, he was relaxed.
research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/
research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ 
• noun U / verb I/T
research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ 
• noun U / verb I/T 
• a study of a subject to discover new things
research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ 
• noun U / verb I/T 
• a study of a subject to discover new things 
• medical/scientific research
research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ 
• noun U / verb I/T 
• a study of a subject to discover new things 
• medical/scientific research 
• I like doing research.
research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ 
• noun U / verb I/T 
• a study of a subject to discover new things 
• medical/scientific research 
• I like doing research. 
• T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it 
and get enough information.
research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ 
• noun U / verb I/T 
• a study of a subject to discover new things 
• medical/scientific research 
• I like doing research. 
• T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it 
and get enough information. 
تحقیق ، تحقیق کردن •
research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ 
• noun U / verb I/T 
• a study of a subject to discover new things 
• medical/scientific research 
• I like doing research. 
• T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it 
and get enough information. 
تحقیق ، تحقیق کردن • 
• researcher /ri:sɜr·tʃər/ noun C = محقق
single /sɪŋ·gəl/
single /sɪŋ·gəl/ 
• adjective ,
single /sɪŋ·gəl/ 
• adjective , 
• ONE: one only
single /sɪŋ·gəl/ 
• adjective , 
• ONE: one only 
• A single customer was left in the shop.
single /sɪŋ·gəl/ 
• adjective , 
• ONE: one only 
• A single customer was left in the shop. 
• Compare: double TWICE
single /sɪŋ·gəl/ 
• adjective , 
• ONE: one only 
• A single customer was left in the shop. 
• Compare: double TWICE 
• 2- A single bed is a bed for one person.
single /sɪŋ·gəl/ 
• adjective , 
• ONE: one only 
• A single customer was left in the shop. 
• Compare: double TWICE 
• 2- A single bed is a bed for one person. 
یک •
skill /skɪl/
skill /skɪl/ 
• noun C/U
skill /skɪl/ 
• noun C/U 
• a special ability to do something= مهارت
skill /skɪl/ 
• noun C/U 
• a special ability to do something= مهارت 
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective
skill /skɪl/ 
• noun C/U 
• a special ability to do something= مهارت 
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective 
• Good at doing sth= ماهر
skill /skɪl/ 
• noun C/U 
• a special ability to do something= مهارت 
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective 
• Good at doing sth= ماهر 
• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer).
skill /skɪl/ 
• noun C/U 
• a special ability to do something= مهارت 
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective 
• Good at doing sth= ماهر 
• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer). 
• skillfully /skɪl·fə·li /adverb= ماهرانه
skill /skɪl/ 
• noun C/U 
• a special ability to do something= مهارت 
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective 
• Good at doing sth= ماهر 
• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer). 
• skillfully /skɪl·fə·li /adverb= ماهرانه 
• Some students are unable to use dictionaries 
skillfully.
Word formation: 
• Skill (n)= مهارت , توانایی 
• Skilled ( adj )= مهارتی , تخصصی 
• Skillful( adj )= ماهر 
• Skillfully ( adv ) = با مهارت
sport /spɔ:rt/
sport /spɔ:rt/ 
• noun C/U
sport /spɔ:rt/ 
• noun C/U 
• a game, competition, or similar activity, done 
for enjoyment or as a job,
sport /spɔ:rt/ 
• noun C/U 
• a game, competition, or similar activity, done 
for enjoyment or as a job, 
• C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all 
team sports.
sport /spɔ:rt/ 
• noun C/U 
• a game, competition, or similar activity, done 
for enjoyment or as a job, 
• C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all 
team sports. 
• U: Do you fish for sport or in order to eat?
sport /spɔ:rt/ 
• noun C/U 
• a game, competition, or similar activity, done 
for enjoyment or as a job, 
• C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all 
team sports. 
• U: Do you fish for sport or in order to eat? 
ورزش •
struggle /strʌg·əl/
struggle /strʌg·əl/ 
• verb I / noun C
struggle /strʌg·əl/ 
• verb I / noun C 
• to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do 
something =جروبحث کردن
struggle /strʌg·əl/ 
• verb I / noun C 
• to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do 
something =جروبحث کردن 
• Both men were arrested after their struggle in 
the street.
struggle /strʌg·əl/ 
• verb I / noun C 
• to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do 
something =جروبحث کردن 
• Both men were arrested after their struggle in 
the street. 
• He struggled with his cousin, and his uncle had 
to step in to calm things down.
struggle /strʌg·əl/ 
• verb I / noun C 
• to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do 
something =جروبحث کردن 
• Both men were arrested after their struggle in 
the street. 
• He struggled with his cousin, and his uncle had 
to step in to calm things down. 
• Struggle on = continue to do sth hough it is 
difficult
succeed /səksi:d/
Word formation:
test /test/
test /test/ 
• noun C
test /test/ 
• noun C 
• a set of questions or practical activities that 
show what someone knows or what someone 
or something can do or is like:
test /test/ 
• noun C 
• a set of questions or practical activities that 
show what someone knows or what someone 
or something can do or is like: 
• medical examination
test /test/ 
• noun C 
• a set of questions or practical activities that 
show what someone knows or what someone 
or something can do or is like: 
• medical examination 
• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test
test /test/ 
• noun C 
• a set of questions or practical activities that 
show what someone knows or what someone 
or something can do or is like: 
• medical examination 
• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test 
• a safety test / a car test on a road
test /test/ 
• noun C 
• a set of questions or practical activities that 
show what someone knows or what someone 
or something can do or is like: 
• medical examination 
• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test 
• a safety test / a car test on a road 
امتحان ، معاینه ، تست •
A point: 
• Take a test = take an exam 
• Give a test ( an exam ) 
• A students takes a test ( an exam) and a 
teacher gives a test ( an exam )
television /tel·əvɪʒ·ən/ 
• TV noun C/U 
• 1- a large box with a viewing screen which 
receives electrical signals, the programs that 
you watch, 
• Is there anything interesting on television ? 
• Your problem is that you watch too much TV. 
• C: Most homes have televisions. 
(تلویزیون(دستگاه) ، تلویزیون( برنامه آن •
set /set/ 
• noun C 
• a television = دستگاه 
I walked in the room and turned off the set.
Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/
Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/ 
• theatre noun C
Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/ 
• theatre noun C 
• a building, room from which people can watch 
a movie or another activity
Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/ 
• theatre noun C 
• a building, room from which people can watch 
a movie or another activity 
• Lincoln Plaza Cinema has five movie theaters.
Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/ 
• theatre noun C 
• a building, room from which people can watch 
a movie or another activity 
• Lincoln Plaza Cinema has five movie theaters. 
(تئاتر(سالن)، تئاتر ( هنر •
Type/tɑɪp/
Type/tɑɪp/ 
• noun C
Type/tɑɪp/ 
• noun C 
• = kind = sort = form
Type/tɑɪp/ 
• noun C 
• = kind = sort = form 
• I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts, 
and that type of thing.
Type/tɑɪp/ 
• noun C 
• = kind = sort = form 
• I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts, 
and that type of thing. 
• We have makeup for all different types of skin.
Type/tɑɪp/ 
• noun C 
• = kind = sort = form 
• I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts, 
and that type of thing. 
• We have makeup for all different types of skin. 
نوع •
type /tɑɪp/ 
• verb I/T 
• to write using a keyboard 
• I: I never learned how to type. 
• T: He typed the report yesterday.
unusual /ʌnju·ʒə·wəl/ 
• adjective 
• not usual = special 
• different from what is usual or common 
• I was actually on time, which is unusual for 
me. 
غیر معمول ، ویژه •
unusually /ʌnju·ʒə·wə·li/ 
• adverb 
• in a way or to a degree that is different from 
what is usual or expected 
• We had unusually warm weather in 
December. 
• There is no evidence of unusually high rates of 
disease.
view /vju:/
view /vju:/ 
• verb T
view /vju:/ 
• verb T 
• to look at or consider something
view /vju:/ 
• verb T 
• to look at or consider something 
• How do you view your chances of getting that 
job?
view /vju:/ 
• verb T 
• to look at or consider something 
• How do you view your chances of getting that 
job? 
دیدن ، مشاهده کردن •
viewer /vju:·ər/
viewer /vju:·ər/ 
• noun C
viewer /vju:·ər/ 
• noun C 
• a person who watches TV or another thing
viewer /vju:·ər/ 
• noun C 
• a person who watches TV or another thing 
• Millions of viewers watch the Match on TV 
every year.
viewer /vju:·ər/ 
• noun C 
• a person who watches TV or another thing 
• Millions of viewers watch the Match on TV 
every year. 
بیننده •
viewer /vju:·ər/ 
• noun C 
• a person who watches TV or another thing 
• Millions of viewers watch the Match on TV 
every year. 
بیننده •
weak /wi:k/
weak /wi:k/ 
• adjective -er/-est only
weak /wi:k/ 
• adjective -er/-est only 
• lacking strength or energy, not strong
weak /wi:k/ 
• adjective -er/-est only 
• lacking strength or energy, not strong 
• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising 
you still feel weak.
weak /wi:k/ 
• adjective -er/-est only 
• lacking strength or energy, not strong 
• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising 
you still feel weak. 
• The coffee was weak and tasteless
weak /wi:k/ 
• adjective -er/-est only 
• lacking strength or energy, not strong 
• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising 
you still feel weak. 
• The coffee was weak and tasteless 
• That old chair is very weak and needs gluing.
weak /wi:k/ 
• adjective -er/-est only 
• lacking strength or energy, not strong 
• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising 
you still feel weak. 
• The coffee was weak and tasteless 
• That old chair is very weak and needs gluing. 
ضعیف ، کم رنگ , رقیق •
Word formation 
• weak /wi:k/ adjective -er/-est 
• weakly /wi:·kli/ adverb adj + ly → adv 
• weakness /wi:k·nəs/ noun C/U adj + ness → n 
• weaken /wi:·kən/ verb I/T adj + en → verb 
• Make weak
wonder /wʌn·dər/
wonder /wʌn·dər/ 
• noun C/U / verb
wonder /wʌn·dər/ 
• noun C/U / verb 
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself,
wonder /wʌn·dər/ 
• noun C/U / verb 
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, 
• U: People simply stared at her in wonder.
wonder /wʌn·dər/ 
• noun C/U / verb 
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, 
• U: People simply stared at her in wonder. 
• C: She’s a wonder!
wonder /wʌn·dər/ 
• noun C/U / verb 
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, 
• U: People simply stared at her in wonder. 
• C: She’s a wonder! 
• U: If you didn’t study, no wonder you failed the 
test.
wonder /wʌn·dər/ 
• noun C/U / verb 
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, 
• U: People simply stared at her in wonder. 
• C: She’s a wonder! 
• U: If you didn’t study, no wonder you failed the 
test. 
شگفتی ، شگفت زده شدن ، از خود پرسیدن •
Word formation 
• wonder /wʌn·dər/ noun C/U / verb 
• wonderful /wʌn·dər·fəl/ adjective 
• extremely good, Surprising 
• wonderfully /wʌn·dər·fə·li /adverb 
• Becoming a father was the most wonderful 
experience of my life. 
• His skill in reading is wonderful for his age.
worry /wʌ·ri/
worry /wʌ·ri/ 
• verb I/T
worry /wʌ·ri/ 
• verb I/T 
• to think about problems
worry /wʌ·ri/ 
• verb I/T 
• to think about problems 
• I: My mother always worries about me when I 
don’t come home by midnight.
worry /wʌ·ri/ 
• verb I/T 
• to think about problems 
• I: My mother always worries about me when I 
don’t come home by midnight. 
• I: "Will you be all right walking home?" "Don’t 
worry – I’ll be fine.“
worry /wʌ·ri/ 
• verb I/T 
• to think about problems 
• I: My mother always worries about me when I 
don’t come home by midnight. 
• I: "Will you be all right walking home?" "Don’t 
worry – I’ll be fine.“ 
نگران بودن , نگران شدن •
worried /wʌ·rid/
worried /wʌ·rid/ 
• Adjective
worried /wʌ·rid/ 
• adjective 
• Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب
worried /wʌ·rid/ 
• adjective 
• Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب 
• We were very worried when he did not answer 
his phone.
worried /wʌ·rid/ 
• adjective 
• Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب 
• We were very worried when he did not answer 
his phone. 
• She had a worried look on her face.
worried /wʌ·rid/ 
• adjective 
• Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب 
• We were very worried when he did not answer 
his phone. 
• She had a worried look on her face. 
نگران ، مضطرب •

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Eb3voc les1

  • 3. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ • verb T • to let someone do something or let something happen; permit
  • 4. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ • verb T • to let someone do something or let something happen; permit • You’re not allowed to talk during the exam.
  • 5. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ • verb T • to let someone do something or let something happen; permit • You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. • Are you allowed in the building on weekends?
  • 6. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ • verb T • to let someone do something or let something happen; permit • You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. • Are you allowed in the building on weekends? • They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be influenced by television.
  • 7. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/ • verb T • to let someone do something or let something happen; permit • You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. • Are you allowed in the building on weekends? • They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be influenced by television. اجازه دادن •
  • 9. At the end of • ≠ at the beginning of
  • 10. At the end of • ≠ at the beginning of در انتهای , در پایان •
  • 12. end /end/ • verb I/T
  • 13. end /end/ • verb I/T • Finish
  • 14. end /end/ • verb I/T • Finish • T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran.
  • 15. end /end/ • verb I/T • Finish • T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran. • How did you end struggle over the program?
  • 16. end /end/ • verb I/T • Finish • T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran. • How did you end struggle over the program? پایان دادن, خاتمه دادن •
  • 17. Word formation: • ending /'en·dɪŋ / noun C • endless /'en·dləs / adjective • endlessly /'en·dlə·sli /adverb
  • 19. At the front در جبهه , در جلو •
  • 25. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ • noun U, adjective • USUAL STANDARD, Normal
  • 26. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ • noun U, adjective • USUAL STANDARD, Normal • The quality of her work is well above average.
  • 27. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ • noun U, adjective • USUAL STANDARD, Normal • The quality of her work is well above average. • "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just average."
  • 28. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ • noun U, adjective • USUAL STANDARD, Normal • The quality of her work is well above average. • "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just average." • I’m 35 and my brothers are 32 and 26, so the average of our ages is 31.
  • 29. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/ • noun U, adjective • USUAL STANDARD, Normal • The quality of her work is well above average. • "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just average." • I’m 35 and my brothers are 32 and 26, so the average of our ages is 31. میانگین , متوسط ,معمولی •
  • 32. careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/ • Adjective • giving attention to something
  • 33. careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/ • Adjective • giving attention to something • Norman is a careful driver. • Be careful about what you say to her.
  • 34. careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/ • Adjective • giving attention to something • Norman is a careful driver. • Be careful about what you say to her. مواظب , مراقب, با احتیلط •
  • 36. Word formation: • Care (n) دقت, توجه
  • 37. Word formation: • Care (n) دقت, توجه • Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط
  • 38. Word formation: • Care (n) دقت, توجه • Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط • carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط
  • 39. Word formation: • Care (n) دقت, توجه • Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط • carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط • Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه
  • 40. Word formation: • Care (n) دقت, توجه • Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط • carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط • Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه • Carelessly(adv) (adjective + -ly → adverb) با بی دقتی, با بی توجهی •
  • 41. Word formation: • Care (n) دقت, توجه • Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط • carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط • Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه • Carelessly(adv) (adjective + -ly → adverb) با بی دقتی, با بی توجهی • • Carelessness (n) (adj + -ness →noun ) بی دقتی
  • 44. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ • noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess
  • 45. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ • noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess • U: I lost interest halfway through the book.
  • 46. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ • noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess • U: I lost interest halfway through the book. • “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s mathematics.”
  • 47. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ • noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess • U: I lost interest halfway through the book. • “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s mathematics.” • Painting has never interested me.
  • 48. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ • noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess • U: I lost interest halfway through the book. • “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s mathematics.” • Painting has never interested me. , سود(بانکی), علقه ,دلبستگی •
  • 49. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/ • noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess • U: I lost interest halfway through the book. • “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s mathematics.” • Painting has never interested me. , سود(بانکی), علقه ,دلبستگی • علقه مند کردن, جذب کردن •
  • 51. Word formation: • Interest (v,n) علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن
  • 52. Word formation: • Interest (v,n) علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن • Interested (adj) Verb + -ed → adj علقه مند
  • 53. Word formation: • Interest (v,n) علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن • Interested (adj) Verb + -ed → adj علقه مند • Interesting (adj) Verb + -ing → adj جالب
  • 54. Word formation: • Interest (v,n) علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن • Interested (adj) Verb + -ed → adj علقه مند • Interesting (adj) Verb + -ing → adj جالب • Interestingly (adv) adj+ ly →adv با علقه مندی
  • 57. behave /bɪ'heɪv • verb I/T • to act in a particular way, or to act in a way that is correct
  • 58. behave /bɪ'heɪv • verb I/T • to act in a particular way, or to act in a way that is correct • I : The teacher will instruct the students on how it is to behave.
  • 59. behave /bɪ'heɪv • verb I/T • to act in a particular way, or to act in a way that is correct • I : The teacher will instruct the students on how it is to behave. • The researchers wanted to know how families would behave if they didn’t watch TV.
  • 60. behave /bɪ'heɪv/ • verb I/T • to act in a particular way, or to act in a way that is correct • I : The teacher will instruct the students on how it is to behave. • The researchers wanted to know how families would behave if they didn’t watch TV. رفتار کردن •
  • 62. Word formation: • Behave(v) =رفتار کردن
  • 63. Word formation: • Behave(v) =رفتار کردن • Behavior = behaviour(n) =رفتار
  • 64. Word formation: • Behave(v) =رفتار کردن • Behavior = behaviour(n) =رفتار • Behavioral = behavioural (adj) =رفتاری
  • 67. Case/keɪs/ • noun C • a particular example of something
  • 68. Case/keɪs/ • noun C • a particular example of something • It was a case of not knowing what to say.
  • 69. Case/keɪs/ • noun C • a particular example of something • It was a case of not knowing what to say. • She said I didn’t accept to answer the question, but that is not the case.
  • 70. Case/keɪs/ • noun C • a particular example of something • It was a case of not knowing what to say. • She said I didn’t accept to answer the question, but that is not the case. • Children’s eyesight improved in several cases.
  • 71. Case/keɪs/ • noun C • a particular example of something • It was a case of not knowing what to say. • She said I didn’t accept to answer the question, but that is not the case. • Children’s eyesight improved in several cases. مورد, نمونه •
  • 73. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ • adjective
  • 74. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ • adjective • KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain
  • 75. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ • adjective • KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain • "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are you certain?"
  • 76. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ • adjective • KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain • "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are you certain?" • One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.
  • 77. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ • adjective • KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain • "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are you certain?" • One thing is certain – They didn’t play well. • I’m certain (that) he’ll be there.
  • 78. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ • adjective • KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain • "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are you certain?" • One thing is certain – They didn’t play well. • I’m certain (that) he’ll be there. • I’m not certain how much it will cost.
  • 79. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/ • adjective • KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain • "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are you certain?" • One thing is certain – They didn’t play well. • I’m certain (that) he’ll be there. • I’m not certain how much it will cost. • Sure, مطمئن ,معین ,مشخص
  • 80. Word formation • Certain(adj) ≠ uncertain • Certainly(adv) • Certainty(n)
  • 87. channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ • noun C
  • 88. channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ • noun C • a television station
  • 89. channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ • noun C • a television station • She switched to another channel to watch the news.
  • 90. channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ • noun C • a television station • She switched to another channel to watch the news. • There are 20 TV channels in Iran.
  • 91. channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/ • noun C • a television station • She switched to another channel to watch the news. • There are 20 TV channels in Iran. شبکه ، کانال •
  • 98. choose /tʃu:z/ • verb I/T • Pt : chose , pp : chosen
  • 99. choose /tʃu:z/ • verb I/T • Pt : chose , pp : chosen • Parents can choose the schools that they want their kids to go to.
  • 100. choose /tʃu:z/ • verb I/T • Pt : chose , pp : chosen • Parents can choose the schools that they want their kids to go to. • There was not much to choose between them. They are similar.
  • 101. choose /tʃu:z/ • verb I/T • Pt : chose , pp : chosen • Parents can choose the schools that they want their kids to go to. • There was not much to choose between them. They are similar. • You can choose between as many as 40 different books.
  • 102. choose /tʃu:z/ • verb I/T • Pt : chose , pp : chosen • Parents can choose the schools that they want their kids to go to. • There was not much to choose between them. They are similar. • You can choose between as many as 40 different books. انتخاب کردن •
  • 106. choice /tʃɔɪs/ • noun C/U:
  • 107. choice /tʃɔɪs/ • noun C/U: • an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه
  • 108. choice /tʃɔɪs/ • noun C/U: • an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه • a difficult/easy choice
  • 109. choice /tʃɔɪs/ • noun C/U: • an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه • a difficult/easy choice • C: Well, I still think people have a choice.
  • 110. choice /tʃɔɪs/ • noun C/U: • an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه • a difficult/easy choice • C: Well, I still think people have a choice. • C: I asked if I could have a choice.
  • 111. choice /tʃɔɪs/ • noun C/U: • an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه • a difficult/easy choice • C: Well, I still think people have a choice. • C: I asked if I could have a choice. • We have no choice but to drive to the airport.
  • 112. choice /tʃɔɪs/ • noun C/U: • an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه • a difficult/easy choice • C: Well, I still think people have a choice. • C: I asked if I could have a choice. • We have no choice but to drive to the airport. • They have many choices to choose from.
  • 113. Word formation • Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن
  • 114. Word formation • Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن • Chose انتخاب کرد
  • 115. Word formation • Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن • Chose انتخاب کرد • Chosen= انتخاب کرده , انتخاب شده
  • 116. Word formation • Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن • Chose انتخاب کرد • Chosen= انتخاب کرده , انتخاب شده • Choosy= دقیق , وسواس
  • 117. Word formation • Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن • Chose انتخاب کرد • Chosen= انتخاب کرده , انتخاب شده • Choosy= دقیق , وسواس • Choice= گزینه , انتخاب
  • 123. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ • Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ
  • 124. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ • Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ • noun U
  • 125. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ • Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ • noun U • colourful
  • 126. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ • Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ • noun U • colourful • adjective
  • 127. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ • Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ • noun U • colourful • adjective • having different colors and therefore interesting
  • 128. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ • Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ • noun U • colourful • adjective • having different colors and therefore interesting • He had bought a colorful dress for her little daughter.
  • 129. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/ • Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ • noun U • colourful • adjective • having different colors and therefore interesting • He had bought a colorful dress for her little daughter. رنگارنگ •
  • 130. Word formation: • Color ( n) • Coloring(n) v + -ing → n • Colorful (adj) n + -ful → adj • Colorless(adj) n + less → adj • Color(v) • Colored(adj) v + -ed → adj
  • 134. continue /kəntɪn·ju/ • verb I/T • 1- to keep happening or to keep doing something without stopping
  • 135. continue /kəntɪn·ju/ • verb I/T • 1- to keep happening or to keep doing something without stopping • + to do something: • If it continues to rain, we may have to cancel the outdoor concert.
  • 136. continue /kəntɪn·ju/ • verb I/T • 1- to keep happening or to keep doing something without stopping • + to do something: • I will continue to say what I believe.
  • 137. continue /kəntɪn·ju/ • verb I/T • 1- to keep happening or to keep doing something without stopping • + doing something: • They continued hoping there would be additional survivors.
  • 138. continue /kəntɪn·ju/ • verb I/T • 2- You can also continue to do something or continue doing something if you start to do it again after a pause: • T: After a break for lunch, they continued their discussions.
  • 139. Word formation: • Continue (v) ادامه دادن • Continual (adj) n + -al →adj تکراری,ادامه دار • Continually(adv) adj + -ly → adv • Continuous (adj) n + -ous → adj بی وقفه • Continuously (adv) adj + -ly → adv • Continuation (n) v + -ation → n ادامه,دنباله • Continuity (n) v + ity → n تداوم
  • 140. daily /deɪ·li/ • adjective, adverb not gradable • happening on or relating to every day, or every working day • Take the pills (medicines) twice daily. • Exercise is part of my daily routine. روزانه •
  • 141. among /əmʌŋ/ amongst /əmʌŋst/ • preposition • 1- in the middle of or surrounded by: • She felt lonely among all these strange people.
  • 142. among /əmʌŋ/ amongst /əmʌŋst/ • preposition • 2- Among also means as part of a group or in the group of people or things named: • They talked about it among themselves. • Among the problems we have to solve, improving education is probably the most difficult. میان •
  • 143. effect /ɪfekt/ • noun C/U • RESULT • the result of a particular influence; something that happens because of something else • C: The medicine had the effect of making me sleepy.
  • 144. effect /ɪfekt/ • noun C/U • RESULT • the result of a particular influence; something that happens because of something else • U: The new management actually has not had much effect on us. اثر,تاثیر •
  • 145. Affect /əfekt / • verb T • INFLUENCE • to have an influence on someone or something • The disease only affects farm animals. • I was deeply affected by the film. اثر گذاشتن •
  • 146. Word formation: • Effect ( v ,n) • Effective ( adj) v + -ive → adj • Effectively adv + ly → adv • Effectiveness adj + -ness → n • Effectual n + -al → adj • Affect ( v ) • Affected ( adj ) v + -ed → adj • Affectation v + -ation → n
  • 147. influence /ɪnflu·əns/ • verb T • to cause someone to change a behavior, belief, or opinion, or to cause something to be changed • Religion can influence people’s opinion a lot.
  • 148. influence /ɪnflu·əns/ • noun C/U • the power to have an effect on people or things, or someone or something having such power • C: The kid next door is a bad/good influence on my little brother. • U: She used her influence to get her son a summer job. تاثیر , تاثیر گذاشتن •
  • 149. Word formation • Influence (n,v) تاثیر, تاثیر گذاشتن • Influential(adj) تاثیر گذار , موثر , با نفوذ
  • 150. except /ɪksept/ • preposition, conjunction • 1- not including; but not • It’s cool and quiet everywhere except (for) the kitchen. • Everyone is here except Peter. به جز •
  • 151. except /ɪksept/ • preposition, conjunction • 2- Except also means with this difference or in this case only: • The twins look exactly alike except (that) one is slightly taller. با این تفاوت •
  • 152. except /ɪksept/ • verb T • to not include something or someone • When I say I didn’t like the Midwest, I except Chicago. استثنا کردن •
  • 153. Word formation: • Except (prep)=but = به جز • Except (v)= استثنا کردن • Excepting (prep) = به استثنای • Exception ( n)= استثنا v + -ion → n • Exceptional= استثنایی n + -al → adj • Exceptionally adj + ly → adv
  • 160. experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/ • noun C/U • a test done in order to learn something or to discover whether something works or is true • C: His experiments were planned to find better ways of using heat energy. امتحان •
  • 161. experiment /ɪksper·əment/ • verb I • to test or to try a new way of doing something • The school is experimenting with new teaching methods. • experimentation /ɪkˌsper·ə·mənˈteɪ·ʃən, - ˌspɪr-/ noun U امتحان کردن •
  • 162. Word formation; • Experiment ( n) تست, تجربه • Experiment ( v ) تست کردن , تجربه کردن • Experimentation ( n ) v + -ation → n آزمایش • Experimental ( adj ) n + -al → adj , ت جربی آزمایشی
  • 165. eyesight /ɑɪ·sɑɪt / • noun U • the ability to see , seeing
  • 166. eyesight /ɑɪ·sɑɪt / • noun U • the ability to see , seeing • Her eyesight is not as good as it was before.
  • 167. eyesight /ɑɪ·sɑɪt / • noun U • the ability to see , seeing • Her eyesight is not as good as it was before. بینایی •
  • 170. future /fju:·tʃər/ • noun C/U • time which is to come, or sth that will happen or exist later
  • 171. future /fju:·tʃər/ • noun C/U • time which is to come, or something that will happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future?
  • 172. future /fju:·tʃər/ • noun C/U • time which is to come, or something that will happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future? • We hope to buy a house in the near future.
  • 173. future /fju:·tʃər/ • noun C/U • time which is to come, or something that will happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future? • We hope to buy a house in the near future. • He faces an uncertain future.
  • 174. future /fju:·tʃər/ • noun C/U • time which is to come, or something that will happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future? • We hope to buy a house in the near future. • He faces an uncertain future. • I really don’t expect any change in the near future
  • 175. future /fju:·tʃər/ • noun C/U • time which is to come, or something that will happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future? • We hope to buy a house in the near future. • He faces an uncertain future. • I really don’t expect any change in the near future آینده •
  • 177. get …away from • phrasal verb
  • 178. get …away from • phrasal verb • to leave or escape
  • 179. get …away from • phrasal verb • to leave or escape • Take away from
  • 180. get …away from • phrasal verb • to leave or escape • Take away from • Wouldn’t it be nice to get away for a weekend?
  • 181. get …away from • phrasal verb • to leave or escape • Take away from • Wouldn’t it be nice to get away for a weekend? دور کردن از ، جدا کردن از •
  • 183. harm /hɑrm/ • noun U
  • 184. harm /hɑrm/ • noun U • physical or other injury or damage
  • 185. harm /hɑrm/ • noun U • physical or other injury or damage • She didn’t come to any harm when the car stopped suddenly.
  • 186. harm /hɑrm/ • noun U • physical or other injury or damage • She didn’t come to any harm when the car stopped suddenly. • Maybe Jim can help you – there’s no harm in asking.
  • 187. harm /hɑrm/ • noun U • physical or other injury or damage • She didn’t come to any harm when the car stopped suddenly. • Maybe Jim can help you – there’s no harm in asking. ضرر ، آسیب •
  • 188. harm /hɑrm/ • verb T آسیب رساندن •
  • 191. harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ • adjective • ≠ useful
  • 192. harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ • adjective • ≠ useful • This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to the environment.
  • 193. harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ • adjective • ≠ useful • This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to the environment. • Smoking is harmful for our body.
  • 194. harmful /hɑrm·fəl/ • adjective • ≠ useful • This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to the environment. • Smoking is harmful for our body. مضر •
  • 195. harmless /hɑrm·ləs/ • adjective • not able or likely to cause( make ) harm • Some think television hurts children and others say it is harmless. بی ضرر •
  • 196. Word formation: • Harm ( v ) • Harm ( n ) • Harmful ( adj ) n + -ful → adj • Harmless ( adj ) n + - less → adj
  • 198. holiday /hɑl·ədeɪ/ • noun C • 1- a day when many people don’t work
  • 199. holiday /hɑl·ədeɪ/ • noun C • 1- a day when many people don’t work • a national holiday
  • 200. holiday /hɑl·ədeɪ/ • noun C • 1- a day when many people don’t work • a national holiday • 2- Canadian , British: A holiday is a vacation .
  • 203. housewife /hɑʊs·wɑɪf/ • noun C • Pl: housewives
  • 204. housewife /hɑʊs·wɑɪf/ • noun C • Pl: housewives • A woman who manages a home and family instead of earning money from a job
  • 205. housewife /hɑʊs·wɑɪf/ • noun C • Pl: housewives • A woman who manages a home and family instead of earning money from a job زن خانه دار •
  • 206. How often • = how many times… • “How often do you go to a dentist?” • “I’ll do it once a year.” هرچند وقت .... ؟ •
  • 209. improve /ɪmpru:v/ • verb I/T • to get better, or to make sth better
  • 210. improve /ɪmpru:v/ • verb I/T • to get better, or to make sth better • I: Her grades have improved greatly this semester (term).
  • 211. improve /ɪmpru:v/ • verb I/T • to get better, or to make sth better • I: Her grades have improved greatly this semester (term). • T: He did a lot to improve conditions for factory workers.
  • 212. improve /ɪmpru:v/ • verb I/T • to get better, or to make sth better • I: Her grades have improved greatly this semester (term). • T: He did a lot to improve conditions for factory workers. بهبود یافتن ، اصلح کردن ، اصلح شدن •
  • 213. improvement /ɪmpru:v·mənt/ • noun C/U • C: We made some improvements to the house before selling it. • U: There’s been no improvement in his condition
  • 216. movie /mu:·vi/ • noun C • 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a story, usually shown in a theater or on television; film
  • 217. movie /mu:·vi/ • noun C • 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a story, usually shown in a theater or on television; film • 2- A movie theater is a building in which movies are shown.
  • 218. movie /mu:·vi/ • noun C • 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a story, usually shown in a theater or on television; film • 2- A movie theater is a building in which movies are shown. فیلم ، سالن نمایش فیلم •
  • 220. movies /mu:·vi:z/ • plural noun
  • 221. movies /mu:·vi:z/ • plural noun • the showing of movies at a theater, cinema
  • 222. movies /mu:·vi:z/ • plural noun • the showing of movies at a theater, cinema • We went to the movies last night.
  • 223. movies /mu:·vi:z/ • plural noun • the showing of movies at a theater, cinema • We went to the movies last night. سینما •
  • 226. music /mju·zɪk/ • noun U • Classical / folk / country / rap music
  • 227. music /mju·zɪk/ • noun U • Classical / folk / country / rap music • She started composing music when she was 14.
  • 228. music /mju·zɪk/ • noun U • Classical / folk / country / rap music • She started composing music when she was 14. موسیقی •
  • 229. Word formation • music /mju·zɪk/ noun U • musical /mju·zɪ·kəl/ adjective • musician /mjʊzɪʃ·ən/ noun C
  • 232. observe /əbzɜrv/ • verb T • to watch something or someone carefully
  • 233. observe /əbzɜrv/ • verb T • to watch something or someone carefully • Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey
  • 234. observe /əbzɜrv/ • verb T • to watch something or someone carefully • Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey • In their trip, the students observed how a newspaper was put together.
  • 235. observe /əbzɜrv/ • verb T • to watch something or someone carefully • Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey • In their trip, the students observed how a newspaper was put together. مشاهده کردن •
  • 236. Word formation • observe /əbzɜrv/ verb T • observation /ɑb·zərveɪ·ʃən/ noun C/U مشاهده ، نتیجه • • observer /əbzɜr·vər/ noun C
  • 238. Word formation: • Observe= مشاهده کردن • Observation • Observatory= رصدخانه • Observable= قابل مشاهده • Observant= مراقب, هوشیار • Observer= ناظر
  • 241. twice /twɑɪs/ • adverb • two times
  • 242. twice /twɑɪs/ • adverb • two times • Take the medicine twice a day.
  • 243. twice /twɑɪs/ • adverb • two times • Take the medicine twice a day. • I’ve already asked him twice.
  • 244. twice /twɑɪs/ • adverb • two times • Take the medicine twice a day. • I’ve already asked him twice. دو بار •
  • 245. Similar words: • Once = one time • Twice = two times • three times • Four times • . • . • .
  • 246. once /wʌns/ • adverb , conjunction • in the past, but not now, as soon as, or when • I lived in Milwaukee once. • Computers are much cheaper now than they once were. • Once you’ve tried their ice cream, you’ll be back for more.
  • 247. at once • IDIOMS • immediately, at the same time • You have to call him at once . • Everything happened at once – she graduated, got a job, and got married, all in June! فوری ، همزمان •
  • 250. period /pɪr·i·əd/ • noun C • a length of time, a particular time
  • 251. period /pɪr·i·əd/ • noun C • a length of time, a particular time • The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month period.
  • 252. period /pɪr·i·əd/ • noun C • a length of time, a particular time • The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month period. • There was no scoring in the second period.
  • 253. period /pɪr·i·əd/ • noun C • a length of time, a particular time • The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month period. • There was no scoring in the second period. دوره زمانی •
  • 256. power /pɑʊ·ər/ • noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength
  • 257. power /pɑʊ·ər/ • noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength • Push the power to turn on the computer.
  • 258. power /pɑʊ·ər/ • noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength • Push the power to turn on the computer. نیرو, قدرت •
  • 259. power /pɑʊ·ər/ • noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength • Push the power to turn on the computer. نیرو, قدرت • • powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective
  • 260. power /pɑʊ·ər/ • noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength • Push the power to turn on the computer. نیرو, قدرت • • powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective • having a lot of power = strong
  • 261. power /pɑʊ·ər/ • noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength • Push the power to turn on the computer. نیرو, قدرت • • powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective • having a lot of power = strong • He is a good swimmer. He has powerful arms.
  • 262. Word formation: • Empower (v) • Power (n , v ) • Powerful (adj) • Powerless( adj ) • Powerfully( adv )
  • 264. practice /præk·təs/ • noun C/U / verb T
  • 265. practice /præk·təs/ • noun C/U / verb T • esp. Canadian, British practise
  • 266. practice /præk·təs/ • noun C/U / verb T • esp. Canadian, British practise • something that is usually done, often as a habit
  • 267. practice /præk·təs/ • noun C/U / verb T • esp. Canadian, British practise • something that is usually done, often as a habit • U: It was his usual practice to buy a newspaper every morning on the way to the office.
  • 268. practice /præk·təs/ • noun C/U / verb T • esp. Canadian, British practise • something that is usually done, often as a habit • U: It was his usual practice to buy a newspaper every morning on the way to the office. تمرین کردن •
  • 271. pressure /preʃ·ər/ • noun C/U • a strong influence on an organization or person
  • 272. pressure /preʃ·ər/ • noun C/U • a strong influence on an organization or person • C: Social pressures will force the company to sell off its factories.
  • 273. pressure /preʃ·ər/ • noun C/U • a strong influence on an organization or person • C: Social pressures will force the company to sell off its factories. • U: They put a lot of pressure on him to leave the job.
  • 274. pressure /preʃ·ər/ • noun C/U • a strong influence on an organization or person • C: Social pressures will force the company to sell off its factories. • U: They put a lot of pressure on him to leave the job. فشار، تاثیر •
  • 276. probable /prɑb·ə·bəl / • adjective
  • 277. probable /prɑb·ə·bəl / • adjective • likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe
  • 278. probable /prɑb·ə·bəl / • adjective • likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe • The doctor said that the most probable cause(reason) of death was smoking.
  • 279. probable /prɑb·ə·bəl / • adjective • likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe • The doctor said that the most probable cause(reason) of death was smoking. محتمل •
  • 280. Other forms • probable /prɑb·ə·bəl /adjective • probably /prɑb·ə·bli/ adverb • probability /prɑb·əbɪl·ət·̬i /noun C/U • the likelihood of something happening or being true
  • 282. recent /ri:·sənt / • adjective
  • 283. recent /ri:·sənt / • adjective • having happened or having been done a short time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو
  • 284. recent /ri:·sənt / • adjective • having happened or having been done a short time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو • He sent me a copy of his most recent story.
  • 285. recent /ri:·sənt / • adjective • having happened or having been done a short time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو • He sent me a copy of his most recent story. • A recent study shows that most of the country-music audience(listeners) is women.
  • 286. recent /ri:·sənt / • adjective • having happened or having been done a short time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو • He sent me a copy of his most recent story. • A recent study shows that most of the country-music audience(listeners) is women. • recently /ri:·sənt·li/ adverb= به تازگی ، اخیرا
  • 287. recent /ri:·sənt / • adjective • having happened or having been done a short time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو • He sent me a copy of his most recent story. • A recent study shows that most of the country-music audience(listeners) is women. • recently /ri:·sənt·li/ adverb= به تازگی ، اخیرا • To find out, an usual experiment was done recently.
  • 289. relax /rɪlæks/ • verb I/T
  • 290. relax /rɪlæks/ • verb I/T • to become calm and comfortable, and not worried , rest
  • 291. relax /rɪlæks/ • verb I/T • to become calm and comfortable, and not worried , rest • You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit down and relax?
  • 292. relax /rɪlæks/ • verb I/T • to become calm and comfortable, and not worried , rest • You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit down and relax? • T: This exercise will help you to relax your neck muscles.
  • 293. relax /rɪlæks/ • verb I/T • to become calm and comfortable, and not worried , rest • You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit down and relax? • T: This exercise will help you to relax your neck muscles. استراحت کردن ، آرام شدن •
  • 294. Word formation • relax /rɪlæks/ verb I/T • relaxation /ri:lækseɪ·ʃən/ noun U • relaxed /rɪlækst/ adjective • comfortable and informal • When he saw his son, he was relaxed.
  • 296. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ • noun U / verb I/T
  • 297. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ • noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things
  • 298. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ • noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things • medical/scientific research
  • 299. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ • noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things • medical/scientific research • I like doing research.
  • 300. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ • noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things • medical/scientific research • I like doing research. • T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it and get enough information.
  • 301. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ • noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things • medical/scientific research • I like doing research. • T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it and get enough information. تحقیق ، تحقیق کردن •
  • 302. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/ • noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things • medical/scientific research • I like doing research. • T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it and get enough information. تحقیق ، تحقیق کردن • • researcher /ri:sɜr·tʃər/ noun C = محقق
  • 304. single /sɪŋ·gəl/ • adjective ,
  • 305. single /sɪŋ·gəl/ • adjective , • ONE: one only
  • 306. single /sɪŋ·gəl/ • adjective , • ONE: one only • A single customer was left in the shop.
  • 307. single /sɪŋ·gəl/ • adjective , • ONE: one only • A single customer was left in the shop. • Compare: double TWICE
  • 308. single /sɪŋ·gəl/ • adjective , • ONE: one only • A single customer was left in the shop. • Compare: double TWICE • 2- A single bed is a bed for one person.
  • 309. single /sɪŋ·gəl/ • adjective , • ONE: one only • A single customer was left in the shop. • Compare: double TWICE • 2- A single bed is a bed for one person. یک •
  • 311. skill /skɪl/ • noun C/U
  • 312. skill /skɪl/ • noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت
  • 313. skill /skɪl/ • noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت • skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective
  • 314. skill /skɪl/ • noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت • skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective • Good at doing sth= ماهر
  • 315. skill /skɪl/ • noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت • skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective • Good at doing sth= ماهر • Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer).
  • 316. skill /skɪl/ • noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت • skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective • Good at doing sth= ماهر • Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer). • skillfully /skɪl·fə·li /adverb= ماهرانه
  • 317. skill /skɪl/ • noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت • skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective • Good at doing sth= ماهر • Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer). • skillfully /skɪl·fə·li /adverb= ماهرانه • Some students are unable to use dictionaries skillfully.
  • 318. Word formation: • Skill (n)= مهارت , توانایی • Skilled ( adj )= مهارتی , تخصصی • Skillful( adj )= ماهر • Skillfully ( adv ) = با مهارت
  • 320. sport /spɔ:rt/ • noun C/U
  • 321. sport /spɔ:rt/ • noun C/U • a game, competition, or similar activity, done for enjoyment or as a job,
  • 322. sport /spɔ:rt/ • noun C/U • a game, competition, or similar activity, done for enjoyment or as a job, • C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all team sports.
  • 323. sport /spɔ:rt/ • noun C/U • a game, competition, or similar activity, done for enjoyment or as a job, • C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all team sports. • U: Do you fish for sport or in order to eat?
  • 324. sport /spɔ:rt/ • noun C/U • a game, competition, or similar activity, done for enjoyment or as a job, • C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all team sports. • U: Do you fish for sport or in order to eat? ورزش •
  • 326. struggle /strʌg·əl/ • verb I / noun C
  • 327. struggle /strʌg·əl/ • verb I / noun C • to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do something =جروبحث کردن
  • 328. struggle /strʌg·əl/ • verb I / noun C • to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do something =جروبحث کردن • Both men were arrested after their struggle in the street.
  • 329. struggle /strʌg·əl/ • verb I / noun C • to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do something =جروبحث کردن • Both men were arrested after their struggle in the street. • He struggled with his cousin, and his uncle had to step in to calm things down.
  • 330. struggle /strʌg·əl/ • verb I / noun C • to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do something =جروبحث کردن • Both men were arrested after their struggle in the street. • He struggled with his cousin, and his uncle had to step in to calm things down. • Struggle on = continue to do sth hough it is difficult
  • 334. test /test/ • noun C
  • 335. test /test/ • noun C • a set of questions or practical activities that show what someone knows or what someone or something can do or is like:
  • 336. test /test/ • noun C • a set of questions or practical activities that show what someone knows or what someone or something can do or is like: • medical examination
  • 337. test /test/ • noun C • a set of questions or practical activities that show what someone knows or what someone or something can do or is like: • medical examination • spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test
  • 338. test /test/ • noun C • a set of questions or practical activities that show what someone knows or what someone or something can do or is like: • medical examination • spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test • a safety test / a car test on a road
  • 339. test /test/ • noun C • a set of questions or practical activities that show what someone knows or what someone or something can do or is like: • medical examination • spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test • a safety test / a car test on a road امتحان ، معاینه ، تست •
  • 340. A point: • Take a test = take an exam • Give a test ( an exam ) • A students takes a test ( an exam) and a teacher gives a test ( an exam )
  • 341. television /tel·əvɪʒ·ən/ • TV noun C/U • 1- a large box with a viewing screen which receives electrical signals, the programs that you watch, • Is there anything interesting on television ? • Your problem is that you watch too much TV. • C: Most homes have televisions. (تلویزیون(دستگاه) ، تلویزیون( برنامه آن •
  • 342. set /set/ • noun C • a television = دستگاه I walked in the room and turned off the set.
  • 345. Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/ • theatre noun C • a building, room from which people can watch a movie or another activity
  • 346. Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/ • theatre noun C • a building, room from which people can watch a movie or another activity • Lincoln Plaza Cinema has five movie theaters.
  • 347. Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/ • theatre noun C • a building, room from which people can watch a movie or another activity • Lincoln Plaza Cinema has five movie theaters. (تئاتر(سالن)، تئاتر ( هنر •
  • 350. Type/tɑɪp/ • noun C • = kind = sort = form
  • 351. Type/tɑɪp/ • noun C • = kind = sort = form • I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts, and that type of thing.
  • 352. Type/tɑɪp/ • noun C • = kind = sort = form • I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts, and that type of thing. • We have makeup for all different types of skin.
  • 353. Type/tɑɪp/ • noun C • = kind = sort = form • I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts, and that type of thing. • We have makeup for all different types of skin. نوع •
  • 354. type /tɑɪp/ • verb I/T • to write using a keyboard • I: I never learned how to type. • T: He typed the report yesterday.
  • 355. unusual /ʌnju·ʒə·wəl/ • adjective • not usual = special • different from what is usual or common • I was actually on time, which is unusual for me. غیر معمول ، ویژه •
  • 356. unusually /ʌnju·ʒə·wə·li/ • adverb • in a way or to a degree that is different from what is usual or expected • We had unusually warm weather in December. • There is no evidence of unusually high rates of disease.
  • 358. view /vju:/ • verb T
  • 359. view /vju:/ • verb T • to look at or consider something
  • 360. view /vju:/ • verb T • to look at or consider something • How do you view your chances of getting that job?
  • 361. view /vju:/ • verb T • to look at or consider something • How do you view your chances of getting that job? دیدن ، مشاهده کردن •
  • 364. viewer /vju:·ər/ • noun C • a person who watches TV or another thing
  • 365. viewer /vju:·ər/ • noun C • a person who watches TV or another thing • Millions of viewers watch the Match on TV every year.
  • 366. viewer /vju:·ər/ • noun C • a person who watches TV or another thing • Millions of viewers watch the Match on TV every year. بیننده •
  • 367. viewer /vju:·ər/ • noun C • a person who watches TV or another thing • Millions of viewers watch the Match on TV every year. بیننده •
  • 369. weak /wi:k/ • adjective -er/-est only
  • 370. weak /wi:k/ • adjective -er/-est only • lacking strength or energy, not strong
  • 371. weak /wi:k/ • adjective -er/-est only • lacking strength or energy, not strong • After having been so sick, it’s not surprising you still feel weak.
  • 372. weak /wi:k/ • adjective -er/-est only • lacking strength or energy, not strong • After having been so sick, it’s not surprising you still feel weak. • The coffee was weak and tasteless
  • 373. weak /wi:k/ • adjective -er/-est only • lacking strength or energy, not strong • After having been so sick, it’s not surprising you still feel weak. • The coffee was weak and tasteless • That old chair is very weak and needs gluing.
  • 374. weak /wi:k/ • adjective -er/-est only • lacking strength or energy, not strong • After having been so sick, it’s not surprising you still feel weak. • The coffee was weak and tasteless • That old chair is very weak and needs gluing. ضعیف ، کم رنگ , رقیق •
  • 375. Word formation • weak /wi:k/ adjective -er/-est • weakly /wi:·kli/ adverb adj + ly → adv • weakness /wi:k·nəs/ noun C/U adj + ness → n • weaken /wi:·kən/ verb I/T adj + en → verb • Make weak
  • 377. wonder /wʌn·dər/ • noun C/U / verb
  • 378. wonder /wʌn·dər/ • noun C/U / verb • a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself,
  • 379. wonder /wʌn·dər/ • noun C/U / verb • a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, • U: People simply stared at her in wonder.
  • 380. wonder /wʌn·dər/ • noun C/U / verb • a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, • U: People simply stared at her in wonder. • C: She’s a wonder!
  • 381. wonder /wʌn·dər/ • noun C/U / verb • a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, • U: People simply stared at her in wonder. • C: She’s a wonder! • U: If you didn’t study, no wonder you failed the test.
  • 382. wonder /wʌn·dər/ • noun C/U / verb • a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, • U: People simply stared at her in wonder. • C: She’s a wonder! • U: If you didn’t study, no wonder you failed the test. شگفتی ، شگفت زده شدن ، از خود پرسیدن •
  • 383. Word formation • wonder /wʌn·dər/ noun C/U / verb • wonderful /wʌn·dər·fəl/ adjective • extremely good, Surprising • wonderfully /wʌn·dər·fə·li /adverb • Becoming a father was the most wonderful experience of my life. • His skill in reading is wonderful for his age.
  • 385. worry /wʌ·ri/ • verb I/T
  • 386. worry /wʌ·ri/ • verb I/T • to think about problems
  • 387. worry /wʌ·ri/ • verb I/T • to think about problems • I: My mother always worries about me when I don’t come home by midnight.
  • 388. worry /wʌ·ri/ • verb I/T • to think about problems • I: My mother always worries about me when I don’t come home by midnight. • I: "Will you be all right walking home?" "Don’t worry – I’ll be fine.“
  • 389. worry /wʌ·ri/ • verb I/T • to think about problems • I: My mother always worries about me when I don’t come home by midnight. • I: "Will you be all right walking home?" "Don’t worry – I’ll be fine.“ نگران بودن , نگران شدن •
  • 392. worried /wʌ·rid/ • adjective • Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب
  • 393. worried /wʌ·rid/ • adjective • Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب • We were very worried when he did not answer his phone.
  • 394. worried /wʌ·rid/ • adjective • Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب • We were very worried when he did not answer his phone. • She had a worried look on her face.
  • 395. worried /wʌ·rid/ • adjective • Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب • We were very worried when he did not answer his phone. • She had a worried look on her face. نگران ، مضطرب •