3. FOREST
• A FOREST IS USUALLY AN AREA FILLED WITH TREES BUT ANY TALL DENSELY
PACKED AREA OF VEGETATION MAY BE CONSIDERED A FOREST
• A FOREST, ALSO REFERRED TO A WOOD OR THE WOODS, IS AN AREA WITH A
HIGH DENSITY OF TREES
• TREE FORESTS COVER APPROXIMATELY 30 PERCENT OF TOTAL LAND AREA,
THOUGH THEY ONCE COVERED MUCH MORE ABOUT 50 PERCENT OF TOTAL
LAND AREA.
4. BIODIVERSITY
• BIODIVERSITY IS THE DEGREE OF VARIATION OF LIFE FORMS WITHIN A GIVEN SPECIES,
ECOSYSTEM OR BIOME.
• "BIODIVERSITY" IS MOST COMMONLY USED TO REPLACE THE MORE CLEARLY DEFINED AND
LONG ESTABLISHED TERMS, SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SPECIES RICHNESS.
• BIOLOGISTS MOST OFTEN DEFINE BIODIVERSITY AS THE "TOTALITY OF GENES, SPECIES,
AND ECOSYSTEMS OF A REGION". AN ADVANTAGE OF THIS DEFINITION IS THAT IT SEEMS TO
DESCRIBE MOST CIRCUMSTANCES AND PRESENTS A UNIFIED VIEW OF THE TRADITIONAL
THREE LEVELS AT WHICH BIOLOGICAL VARIETY HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED:
SPECIES DIVERSITY
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
GENETIC DIVERSITY
5. SPECIES
• THE SPECIES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO SIX DIFFERENT SPECIES BASED ON IUCN
THEY ARE:
1. NORMAL SPECIES
2. ENDANGERED SPECIES
3. VULNERABLE SPECIES
4. RARE SPECIES
5. ENDEMIC SPECIES
6. EXTINCT SPECIES
6. FLORA AND FAUNA
• FLORA AND FAUNA REFER TO PLANT AND WILDLIFE, RESPECTIVELY.
• THE INDIGENOUS PLANT AND WILDLIFE OF A GEOGRAPHICAL REGION IS OFTEN
REFERRED TO AS THAT REGION’S FLORA AND FAUNA.
• BOTH ARE COLLECTIVE TERMS, REFERRING TO GROUPS OF PLANT OR
WILDLIFE SPECIFIC TO A REGION OR A TIME PERIOD.
• FOR EXAMPLE, THE FLORA AND FAUNA OF A WARM REGION MAY CONSIST OF
TROPICAL TO WARM-TEMPERATE VEGETATION AND EXOTIC SPECIES OF
BIRDS.
7. DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
• HUMAN USE UP THE FLORAAND FAUNA IN DIFFERENT WAYS SUCH AS MEDICINES , DYES, ,
FOOD , FODDER ,ETC .
• THE GREATEST DAMAGE INFLICTED ON THE INDIAN FORESTS WAS DURING THE COLONIAL
PERIOD . ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT REASONS FOR THIS WAS CONSTRUCTION OF
RAILWAYS . THER HAVE BEEN LOT OF TREES CUT FOR THE RAILWAY TRACKS WHICH WAS BUILT
IN INDIA .
• THE OTHER REASONS ALSO COULD BE AGRICULTURE , COMMERCIALAND SCIENTIFIC
FORESTRY AND MINING ACTIVITIES
8. TYPES OF FORESTS
THERE ARE THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOREST
• RESERVE FOREST
• PROTECTED FOREST
• UNCLASSED FOREST
9. DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST
reserved forest
64%
protected forest
25%
un classed forest
11%
reserved forest protected forest un classed forest
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