awSOA: Agents-based SOA for Wireless Sensor & Actor Networks

awSOA:
awSOA:
Agents-based SOA for
Agents-based SOA for
Wireless Sensor & Actor Networks
Wireless Sensor & Actor Networks
(Multi-Agents Systems Programming)
(Multi-Agents Systems Programming)
Master in Software Engineering & Artificial Intelligence
Master in Software Engineering & Artificial Intelligence

Computer Science Department
University of Malaga
Juan Antonio Martin Checa
www.telefonica.net/web2/jamcheca
www.telefonica.net/web2/jamcheca
2011
2011

Index of contents
Index of contents
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. SOA & Agents Technology
2. SOA & Agents Technology
3. Architecture
3. Architecture
4. Programming Model
5. Communications: FIPA
6. SOA & WSANs
6. SOA & WSANs
7. SOA-Agents-WSANs: APPA
8. Conclusions // Future Work
8. Conclusions Future Work
awSOA: Agents-Based SOA for Wireless Sensor & Actor Networks 2

1. Introduction 2. SOA & Agents 3. Architecture 4. Prog. Model 5. Communications (FIPA) 6. SOA & WSANs 7. APPA 8. Conclusions
Communications

1. Introduction
1. Introduction


Communications

1. Introduction
1. Introduction

1.1 The Internet of Things (IoT)

1.2 SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)
1.2 SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)

1.3 WSANs (Wireless Sensor & Actor Networks)

1.4 Agents
1.4 Agents


Communications


“self-configuring wireless
“self-configuring wireless
network of sensors
network of sensors
which purpose would
which purpose would
be to interconnect all
be to interconnect all
things”
things”

Communications

1.2 SOA (Service-Oriented Architecure)

SOA
“a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed
capabilities that may be under the control of
different ownership domains.[...] It provides a
uniform means to offer, discover, interact with
and use capabilities to produce desired effects
consistent with measurable preconditions and
expectations.”
- OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standard)
- OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standard)


Communications

SOA Principles
01. Service contract (standardized)
02. Service loose coupling
03. Service abstraction
04. Service reusability
05. Service autonomy
06. Service statelessness
07. Service discoverability
08. Service composability
09. Service optimization
10. Service relevance
11. Service encapsulation


Communications

WSANs: group of sensors and actors linked by a
WSANs: group of sensors and actors linked by a
wireless medium to perform distributed sensing
wireless medium to perform distributed sensing
and actuation tasks.
and actuation tasks.
Sensors: gather information about the physical world.
Sensors: gather information about the physical world.
Actors: take decisions and then perform appropriate
Actors: take decisions and then perform appropriate
actions upon the environment.
actions upon the environment.
Main issue: resource-limited (CPU, mem, battery, etc.)
Main issue: resource-limited (CPU, mem, battery, etc.)
Goal: remote, automated interaction with the
Goal: remote, automated interaction with the
environment.
environment.


Communications

1.4 Agents
1.4 Agents

Intelligent Agent (IA):
Intelligent Agent (IA):
“Autonomous entity which observes
“Autonomous entity which observes
and acts upon an environment and
and acts upon an environment and
directs its activity (i.e. by learning or
directs its activity (i.e. by learning or
using knowledge) towards achieving
using knowledge) towards achieving
goals.”
goals.”



2. SOA & Agents
2. SOA & Agents
..



2. SOA & Agents
2. SOA & Agents

2.1 Business Approaches
2.2 The Evolution of Programming
2.3 Characteristics of Agents (IT)
2.4 How Can Agents Help?
2.5 Extending SOA to be resource oriented



Business Approaches
Business Approaches
centralized: top-down // hierarchical
centralized: top-down hierarchical
distributed: peer-to-peer
distributed: peer-to-peer
Adaptation
Adaptation
Flexibility
Flexibility
Agents-based SOA standards:
Agents-based SOA standards:
SoaML //OASIS’ Reference Architecture
SoaML OASIS’ Reference Architecture
Scalability, functionality distribution, etc.
Scalability, functionality distribution, etc.




Characteristics of Agents for IT Systems
Characteristics of Agents for IT Systems

autonomous: capable of acting without
autonomous: capable of acting without
direct external intervention.
direct external intervention.

interactive: communicates with the
interactive: communicates with the
environment and other agents.
environment and other agents.

adaptative: capable of responding to other
adaptative: capable of responding to other
agents and/or its environment.
agents and/or its environment.




Types of agents used to gain distributed control
Types of agents used to gain distributed control
Process-based agents: have the knowledge
Process-based agents: have the knowledge
of how a service can combine resources and
of how a service can combine resources and
create products as part of a workflow in a
create products as part of a workflow in a
supply chain.
supply chain.
Resource-based agents: manage the
Resource-based agents: manage the
capacity-constrained resources of the
capacity-constrained resources of the
systems, such as people, vehicles, tools,
systems, such as people, vehicles, tools,
machinery, materials, and facilities.
machinery, materials, and facilities.



Managing processes and resources using agents
Managing processes and resources using agents




Using agent-oriented software dynamic resource
Using agent-oriented software dynamic resource
scheduling can be developed using:
scheduling can be developed using:
COTS and COTS-adapted components (e.g.,
COTS and COTS-adapted components (e.g.,
resources, work center, parts, tasks/operation, and
resources, work center, parts, tasks/operation, and
jobs) required for the scheduling application.
jobs) required for the scheduling application.
Protocols (interactions/constraints between
Protocols (interactions/constraints between
components) using a standardized representation
components) using a standardized representation
language called an Agent Interaction Protocol (AIP).
language called an Agent Interaction Protocol (AIP).
Rules/Policies that define the order of interactions
Rules/Policies that define the order of interactions
and the content of an interaction based on a user-
and the content of an interaction based on a user-
defined scheduling algorithm.
defined scheduling algorithm.


3. Architecture
3. Architecture



3. Architecture
3. Architecture
3.1 An Agent-Based Service Oriented
3.1 An Agent-Based Service Oriented
Architecture (A.Poggi et al.)
Architecture (A.Poggi et al.)
3.2 Service Oriented Architecture for
3.2 Service Oriented Architecture for
Business Dynamics: An Agent-based
Business Dynamics: An Agent-based
Approach (A. Sharma, et al.)
Approach (A. Sharma, et al.)
3.3 FUSION@: A SOA-Based Multi-Agent
3.3 FUSION@: A SOA-Based Multi-Agent
Architecture (D.I.Tapia, et al.)
Architecture (D.I.Tapia, et al.)


3.1 An Agent-Based SOA
Integrate agents with: workflows, rule engines, Web
Integrate agents with: workflows, rule engines, Web
2.0 & WS.
2.0 & WS.
Ontologies support for:
Ontologies support for:
efficient discovery of WS
efficient discovery of WS
WS interfaces: semantically notated
WS interfaces: semantically notated
interoperability of heterogeneous WS
interoperability of heterogeneous WS
agents communicate in a semantic way
agents communicate in a semantic way
Actors: service providers, business process manager & users
Actors: service providers, business process manager & users
Agents: service providers, personal assistants &
Agents: service providers, personal assistants &
middle agents (e.g. service brokers, user profile managers,
middle agents (e.g. service brokers, user profile managers,
workflow managers, etc).
workflow managers, etc).




MASE (Multi-Agent Service Environment)

Agents:
Agents:

Component managers
Component managers

Workflow managers
Workflow managers




Agents
Agents
Component managers:
Component managers:
Associated to one or more WS.
Associated to one or more WS.
Responsible for interacting //invoking WS.
Responsible for interacting invoking WS.
WSIG JADE add-on: ACL messages
WSIG JADE add-on: ACL messages WSDL
WSDL
“On the fly” definition of WS features (price, etc.)...
“On the fly” definition of WS features (price, etc.)...
through a set of business rules managed by a rule
through a set of business rules managed by a rule
engine...
engine...
modifiable by the operators of the service provider
modifiable by the operators of the service provider
through a Web interface
through a Web interface




Agents
Agents
Workflow managers:
Workflow managers:
Building the workflows
Building the workflows
Composing external WS
Composing external WS
Monitoring execution of WS
Monitoring execution of WS
2 alternative automatic procedures:
2 alternative automatic procedures:
– Predefined workflow: extracting it from a repository
– Predefined workflow: extracting it from a repository
– Dynamic workflow: composing atomic services
– Dynamic workflow: composing atomic services



3.2. SOA: An Agent-based Approach
3.2. SOA: An Agent-based Approach



3.3 FUSION@: A SOA-Based Multi-Agent Architecture
..




Applications: all the programs that can be
Applications: all the programs that can be
used to exploit the system functionalities.
used to exploit the system functionalities.
Agents Platform: core; set of agents.
Agents Platform: core; set of agents.
Agents: controllers/administrators of:
Agents: controllers/administrators of:
services, applications, communication,
services, applications, communication,
performance, reasoning & decision-making.
performance, reasoning & decision-making.
Services: local, WS, stand alone.
Services: local, WS, stand alone.
Communication Protocol: SOAP // ACL
Communication Protocol: SOAP ACL



CommApp Agent: communications apps
CommApp Agent: communications apps platform
platform
CommServ Agent: communications services
CommServ Agent: communications services
platform
platform
Directory Agent: manages the list of services
Directory Agent: manages the list of services
Supervisor Agent: supervises correct functioning of all
Supervisor Agent: supervises correct functioning of all
agents
agents
Security Agent: analyzes structure/syntax of all incoming
Security Agent: analyzes structure/syntax of all incoming
and outgoing messages
and outgoing messages
Manager Agent: decides which agent must be called
Manager Agent: decides which agent must be called
(based on QoS //user’s preferences)
(based on QoS user’s preferences)
Interface Agent: embedded in users’ applications
Interface Agent: embedded in users’ applications


Conclusions



Conclusions

4.1 Intro: SOA Programming Models
4.1 Intro: SOA Programming Models

4.2 A&A (Agents & Artifacts)

4.3 simpA-WS
4.3 simpA-WS

4.4 CArtAgO-WS
4.4 CArtAgO-WS

Conclusions

4.1 Intro: SOA Programming Models (PMs)
4.1 Intro: SOA Programming Models (PMs)
SOA: not committed to any specific PM
SOA: not committed to any specific PM
Most extended: component-based
Most extended: component-based
Problem: does not deal well with:
Problem: does not deal well with:
autonomy
autonomy
loose coupling
loose coupling
strong encapsulation
strong encapsulation
message-based interactions
message-based interactions
Solution: agent-oriented approach
Solution: agent-oriented approach
Note: the notion of ‘agent’ already appears in:
Note: the notion of ‘agent’ already appears in:
W3C’s description of WS reference architecture
W3C’s description of WS reference architecture
High level characterisation of SOA
High level characterisation of SOA


Conclusions

A&A (Agents & Artifacts): conceptual model, oriented to
A&A (Agents & Artifacts): conceptual model, oriented to
software engineering (more than AI).
software engineering (more than AI).
Goal: adopts agents & artifacts as high-level abstractions
Goal: adopts agents & artifacts as high-level abstractions
to design and build distributed/concurrent software
to design and build distributed/concurrent software
systems
systems
Key idea: systems are composed by individual
Key idea: systems are composed by individual
autonomous entities which pro-actively carry on
autonomous entities which pro-actively carry on
some kind of work (individual/cooperative) typically
some kind of work (individual/cooperative) typically
through interaction and coordination with other
through interaction and coordination with other
entities in an environment containing the necessary
entities in an environment containing the necessary
artifacts (tools, resources, objects, etc.)
artifacts (tools, resources, objects, etc.)


Conclusions

4.3 simpA-WS
4.3 simpA-WS
simpA-WS:
simpA-WS:

Technology: Java-based
Technology: Java-based

Goal: building WS-I SOA/WS compliant applications
Goal: building WS-I SOA/WS compliant applications

Foundation:
Foundation:
simpA: agent-oriented extension of Java to support A&A
simpA: agent-oriented extension of Java to support A&A
A&A: conceptual model
A&A: conceptual model


Conclusions

4.4 CArtAgO-WS
4.4 CArtAgO-WS

CArtAgO-WS (Common ARtifact infrastructure for Agent Open
CArtAgO-WS (Common ARtifact infrastructure for Agent Open
environment and Web Services).
environment and Web Services).
CArtAgO: platform //infrastructure used to develop & execute
CArtAgO: platform infrastructure used to develop & execute
the computational worlds where agents live.
the computational worlds where agents live.
CArtAgO: supports multiple technologies to program & execute
CArtAgO: supports multiple technologies to program & execute
agents:
agents:
–– Jason: based on AgentSpeak PL (based on BDI*)
Jason: based on AgentSpeak PL (based on BDI*)
intelligent/cognitive agents.
intelligent/cognitive agents.
–– simpA: activity-oriented agents.
simpA: activity-oriented agents.
–– Jadex: based on BDI*
Jadex: based on BDI*

**BDI: Belief-Desire-Intention
BDI: Belief-Desire-Intention



Agents: intelligent sw entities that can act
Agents: intelligent sw entities that can act
semantically for interoperation with other agents in
semantically for interoperation with other agents in
MAS
MAS
FIPA ACL: communication language
FIPA ACL: communication language
FIPA SL: semantic language
FIPA SL: semantic language
WSMO: semantic language (grid services)
WSMO: semantic language (grid services)
Goal: interoperability between FIPA agents and grid
Goal: interoperability between FIPA agents and grid
services
services communication framework
communication framework



6. SOA & WSANs
6. SOA & WSANs



6. SOA & WSANs
6. SOA & WSANs
SOA: cannot be applied directly to WSANs
SOA: cannot be applied directly to WSANs
(web services Vs embedded services)
(web services Vs embedded services)
Middleware:
Middleware:

e-SOA
e-SOA
USEME
USEME


APPA: Adaptive Peer-to-Peer Agent Architecture
APPA: Adaptive Peer-to-Peer Agent Architecture
Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories
Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories

Combines the benefits of:
Combines the benefits of:
adaptive peer-to-peer architectures
adaptive peer-to-peer architectures
agent-based architectures
agent-based architectures
service-oriented architectures
service-oriented architectures
Addresses:
Addresses:
survivability
survivability
robustness
robustness
performance
performance
flexibility
flexibility
scalability
scalability
support of federated services
support of federated services
Tareget infraestructure:
Tareget infraestructure:
Sensor networks
Sensor networks



Agent capabilities:
Agent capabilities:
Ad-hoc Peer-to-Peer Framework
Ad-hoc Peer-to-Peer Framework
Agent Service Wrappers for Sensors
Agent Service Wrappers for Sensors
Composable Agent Framework
Composable Agent Framework
Peer-to-Peer Discovery
Peer-to-Peer Discovery
Agent Collaboration
Agent Collaboration
Mobile and Proxy Agents
Mobile and Proxy Agents



8. Conclusions // Future Work
8. Conclusions Future Work


.

References

01. Agents Technology and SOA
02. Poggi A., Tomaiuolo M., Turci P. An Agent-Based Service Oriented Architecture (2006)
03. Tapia, D.I., Bajo, J., Corchado, J.M. Distributing Functionalities in a SOA-Based Multi-
agent Architecture (2009)
04. Tapia, D.I., Alonso, R.S., Zato, C. Analysis and Design of a SOA-Based Multi-agent
Architecture (2010)
05. Tapia, D.I., Rodríguez, S., Bajo, J., Corchado, J.A. FUSION@, A SOA-Based Multi-
Agent Architecture (2008)
06. Rishi, O.P., Sharma, A., Bhatnagar, A., Gupta, A. Service Oriented Architecture for
Business Dynamics - An Agent-based Approach (2008)
07. Ricci, A., Buda, C., Zaghini, C. An Agent-Oriented Programming Model for SOA & Web
Services (2006)
08. Ricci, A., Buda, C., Zaghini, C. simpA-WS: An Agent-Oriented Computing Technology
for WS-based SOA Applications (2006)
09. Piunti, M., Ricci, A., Santi, A. SOA/WS Applications using Cognitive Agents working in
CArtAgO Environments (2009)
81

.

References

10. Balfagih, Z., Hassan, M.F.B. Agent based Monitoring Framework for SOA Applications
Quality (2009)
11. Odell, J. Agent-based Process Management for SOA and WS Applications
12. Micsik, A., Karaenke, P. Agent-supported Flexible Service Provisioning Using Semantics
(2009)
13. K. Ishak, B. Archimede, P. Charbonnaud. Integration of SOA and Ontologies in a Multi-
Agent Model. MOSIM 10 (2010)
14. Ignatiadis, I., Svirskas, A., Vokřínek, J., Briggs, J. Towards Combining SOA, Web2.0
and Intelligent Agents in Virtual Organizations. EMCIS 2008 (2008)
15. Min Je Cho, Hyung Rim Choi. A Study on SOA Based Multi Agent under RTE
Environment. ACS'08 (2008)
16. M. Atif Nazir Raja, H. Farooq Ahmad. SOA Compliant FIPA Agent Communication
Language (2008)

82

.

References

17. Ray-Yuan Sheu, Czajkowski, M., Hofmann, M. Adaptive Peer-to-Peer Agent Sensor
Networks (2006)
18. N. Jabeur, P.A. Graniero. Agent-Based Clusters to Virtually Manage Spatially Distributed
Sensors (2007)
19. Razavi, R., Mechitov, K., Agha., G. Perrot, J.F. Dynamic Macroprogramming of Wireless
Sensor Networks with Mobile Agents (2006)
20. Cañete, E., Chen, J., Diaz, M., Llopis, L., Rubio, B. A Service-Oriented Middleware for
Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (2008)
21. Cañete, E., Diaz, M., Llopis, L., Rubio, B. A Service-Oriented Programming Model for
Real Time WSANS (2007)
22. Cañete, E., Chen, J., Diaz, M., Llopis, L., Rubio, B. USEME: A Service-Oriented
Framework for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (2007)
23. Martin-Checa, J.A. eSOA: A Contextual Analysis on Service Oriented Architecture for
Embedded Networks (2010)

83

You might be thinking...
You might be thinking...

Now you can
Now you can
impress your
impress your
friends talking
friends talking
about awSOA ...
about awSOA ...
please, ask!
please, ask!

“By learning you will teach, by teaching
you will learn.”

“You see things; and you say, 'Why?'
But I dream things that never were; and
I say, ‘Why not?’”

85

“By learning you will teach, by teaching
you will learn.”
- Latin Proverb

“You see things; and you say, 'Why?'
But I dream things that never were; and
I say, ‘Why not?’”
- George Bernard Shaw
86

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