Review for AP World History - whole year in Buzz Words!

1. •8000 BCE- 600 BCE
Migration
Gatherer-Hunters, Pastoral migrants
Early Agricultural Societies
River Valley Civs / 1st Wave Civs
Judaism, Vedic Hinduism
Pottery, Irrigation, Wheel, Metallurgy
600 BCE – 600 CE - Classical Civilizations
Zoroastrianism
Buddhism
Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism
Christianity
INNOVATION: Gov’t, Art & Arch, etc.
600 CE – 1450 CE
Early societies in the Americas
Rebuilding societies
Rise of Islam
Mongols
Rise of Empires
1450 – 1750
Columbian Exchange
Rise of Europe
Islamic Empires
Isolation in China
Isolation in Japan
Russia Wakes Up
Exploitation in Africa &
Latin America
1750 – 1900
Revolution & Nationalism
Industrial Revolution
Imperialism
India, Scramble for Africa, SE Asia…
European Moment
Meijii Restoration
Atlantic Slavery/Serfs
J-ROC similarities
1900 – Present
Total War: WWI, WWII
Age of Anxiety
Mandates, Ataturk, Zionism, Israel
Decolonization
Cold War
American Moment
Globalism
Fundamentalism
The Digital Age

2. MultipleChoiceQuestionsEssays
 Re-phrase the question, and possible answers- does it make
more sense now?
 Rule out obviously wrong answers.
 Does your proposed answer reflect a BIG IDEA? Buzz word?
 Are there other exam questions that might give you a clue?
 If you just do not know, leave it blank and come back… You
must answer at least 50 questions.
 If you can reduce your options to TWO, statistically it is a good
idea to guess.
 Usually your first inclination is the best.
 Thesis answers the whole question directly.
 Support your thesis – Rule of Three!
› Comp- Direct Comparison structure
› DBQ- group docs to prove your points, 2+POV, Missing Voice
› CCOT- World Historical Context; Beginning, end, what
changed & what stayed the same?
 WHY, WHY, WHY?? Analyze everything you say,
especially in the thesis if possible: “because, since,
therefore, so…”
 Hit it and get out – Be CONCISE!

3.  Political – government, leaders, laws
 Economics – type of economy, major
products, trade partners
 Religion – belief system or philosophy
 Social – Hierarchy & women’s role
 Intellectual – writing, literature, philosophy
 Art, Architecture
 Relationships with others – long distance trade?
Conquest?
 Technology – new ones/ where did they get?

4.  Subject
 Occasion
› year &
› what was going on at the time that could
influence the issue?
 Audience
 PURPOSE
 Speaker – reliable? In a position to know?
› POV – WHY does he say what he says?
 Tone
How to analyze a
primary or secondary
source document

6.  North America, Central, South – Western Hemisphere
 Old World = AfroEurAsia
 New World = Austrialia, Polynesia, North /Central (meso america)/ South
America & Caribbean.
 South Asia – India
 East Asia – China, Korea, Japan
 Southeast Asia – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar…
 North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Swahili coast, Horn of Africa
 Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean Sea, Huang He,
Yangtze, Nile, Tigris & Euphrates, Indus River, Ganges River, Misssissippi
River, Amazon River, Yucatan Peninsula, Andes Mountains, Himalaya
Mountains, Sahara Desert, Gobi Desert, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean.
 Italy, France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Iberian Peninsula,
Al-Andalus, Dar-al-Islam, Mecca, Medina, Arabian Peninsula. Ceylon,
Madagascar, Japan, England. Australia.

8.  Out of Africa Theory
› Omnivores, Scavengers
› Gatherers & Hunters
 Indo - Aryan Migrations
› Pastoral Nomads – Herders
 Bantu Migrations
› Bananas, Iron metallurgy
› 2000 BCE to 1500 CE
Video: Journey of Man
Later:
-Diaspora of the Jews – 70 CE
-African Diaspora – slavery
-Atlantic Migration Waves
-North – South Migration of 20th C
-India – Pakistan Migration
-Refugees from war-torn areas –
ie: Darfur in 21st Century Africa

9.  NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION!
 Catalhoyuk- Turkey
 Jericho- Israel, wall
 Jomon- pottery
 Chinook

10.  Mesopotamia
› Code of Hammurabi, city states
 Egypt
› Hatsepsut
 China
› Shang; Zhou- Mandate of Heaven
 Harappa/
Mohenjo Daro, Aryans
Video: First
Emperor of China
P: Centralized Rule
E: Ag Economy on River; trade the surplus 
Specialization  artisans
R: Belief Systems
S: Strict Patriarchal ; Strict Social Hierarchy
I: Monumental Architecture
A: Writing? All four!
R: Some trade interaction
T: Ag tech: Irrigation, metalworking, pottery

11.  Persia – roads, Persepolis
 India
› Ashoka Maurya
› Rock & Pillar Edicts, Roads, Inns
› Buddhism
 Greece
› Pericles, Polis, Citizenship
› Democracy, slavery
› Aristotle, Plato, Socrates
› Alexander, Hellenism
 Rome – Fell 476 CE
› Caesar Augustus
› Plebeians, Patricians, Pater familias
› Twelve Tables, Republic, Empire
› Pax Romana, Manumission
› Aqueduct, Colliseums, Roads
 China- Fell 220 CE
› Qin, Han
 Olmec  Maya
Videos: Asoka,
Roman Empire in the
First Century,
Classical Maya
Archaeology.

12.  Vast area & population
 Empire –Conquest, Expansion, Centralized
Government
 CITIES
 Innovative government structure
 Innovations in Philosophy/Religion
 Diversified economy with long distance trade
 Increased complexity of organization, ties
 Standardization: written language, law codes,
measurement, coinage
 “Flowering” of art, architecture, intellectual
 Pace of change accelerates
 Stable - enduring
 Legacy

13.  Overspent on military
conquest, administration,
infrastructure
 Leadership weak
 Overextended
administration cannot
handle huge empire
 Citizens cease to care
 Conquest from outside,
mostly nomadic groups

14.  Hinduism
› Vedic, Devotional
› Brahman
› Ramayana, Mahabharata
(Bhavagad Gita), Upanishads
› Caste System – Varnas –
Untouchables / Harijan
› Dharma
› Ahimsa
 Daoism
› Wuwei
› Withdraw as you cannot make
a difference, anyway
 Zoroastrianism
› Ahura Mazda, Angra Maynu;
outside; fire
› Zoroaster, Magi
 Confucianism
› Filial Piety
› Relationships
› Healthy family, healthy
society
› Duty, education
› Ancestor veneration
› Superior Man (Junzi)
› Scholar Bureaucrats, Shi
 Legalism
› Obedience, strong
leadership, no excuses!
 Jainism
› Asceticism
› Ahimsa

15.  Buddhism
› Nirvana, meditation
› Four Noble Truths, Noble
Eightfold Path
› Dharma, Ahimsa
› Cause of all suffering is…
› Theravada
 Philosophy
 Lesser Vehicle – Hinayana
› Mahayana
 Boddhisatvas
 Buddha as Divine
 Holy donations
 Merchants brought on Silk
Road to China, Japan
 Christianity
› Christ – “anointed one”
› Manichaean, Nestorian
› St. Paul
 missionary to the gentiles
 Roman citizen during Pax
Romana – safe travel

16.  Irrigation
 Farming tools &
techniques
 Wheel, cart
 Pottery
 Metallurgy
› Farm tools, cooking
tools
 Copper, Iron
› Weapons
 Stirrup
 Bows & Arrows

17. Byzantium – Fell 1453
Rise of Islam – Golden Age, Navigation Tech
Cultural Diffusion:
- Orthodox missionaries to
Slavs & Russians
- Silk Roads
- Trans-Saharan Trade- Syncretism
- Swahili City States- “
- Indian Ocean Basin Trade- “
- Tributaries
- Mongols, Plague
China
- Grand Canal
- Buddhism arrives - Tang
- Tributaries
- Ming- Zheng He – Navigation Tech
Mongols = Yuan
Japan – Heian- Bushido, Court ladies, Shogun
Europe- Feudalism, Manorialism, Monasticism, Schism,
Chivalry, Regional Trade, Crusades, Vikings, Urbanization,
Guilds, Competition, Plague, Renaissance…
Maya, Aztec, Inca Empires

18.  Byzantium
› Orthodox Christianity
› Caesaropapism
› Constantine
› Code of Justinian
› Theme System
› Icons & Iconoclasm
› Schism
› Moscow – 3rd Rome
 Cyrillic Alphabet
 Law & Faith

19.  Muhammad - revelation
 Dar-al-Islam
 5 Pillars
› Shahada - Proclaim
› Pray 5x day facing…
› Zakat – Alms directly…
› Fast during Ramadan
› Go on Hajj if …
 Sharia
 Sunni, Shia, Sufi
 Caliph
 Umma, Hijra
 Qadi, Ulama, Imam
 Al-Andaluz
 Koran / Qu’ran
 People of the Book
 Mecca, Medina
 Abbasid Caliphate
› Baghdad
 Umayyad Caliphate
› Damascus
 Dome of the Rock
Video: Inside Islam

20.  Age Grades
 Griots
 Kin Based
 Strong women
 Ghana
› Arrival of Islam:
Trade, Religion,
Arabic, reading
› Gold, Ivory,
Slaves
 Mali
› Sundiata, Lion King
of Mali
› Mansa Musa
› Gold, Ivory, Slaves
› Timbuktu – center of
trade & learning
› Islam
Djenne

21.  Swahili = Bantu
languages + Arabic
 Indian Ocean Basin
trade
 Dhows
 Monsoons
Video: Henry Louis Gates, Jr.,
Wonders of Africa: Swahili
Coast

22.  Inland Kingdom
 Trade within Africa
via Rivers

23. Mahmud of Ghazni – Religious
warrior
Delhi Sultanate – 1206-1526
Islamic but not Ghazi
Chola & Vijayanagar Hindu
kingdoms - South
Devotional Hinduism
› Vishnu & Shiva
› Shankara - reason
Ramanuja – devotion
 Angkor Wat – Hinduism,
Buddhism, legitimize
Cambodian rule of Khmer
 Bhakti Movement – Guru Kabir
– Vishnu, Shiva, Allah are all
one
 Temple Society
 Emporia
› Monsoons
› Location, location, location
 Caste provided guidance in
absence of centralized
authority
› Jati
Video: Angkor Wat & 21st century archeology techniques , Syncretism

24.  Return to Empire:
› Sui, Tang, Song…Ming
 Sui similar to Qin –
› Built Grand Canal
› Tough, brief, set the stage for…
 Tang
› Expansion!
› Tributary Relationship, Kowtow
 Vietnamese & Korean reactions t
› Junk
› Equal Field System
› Bureaucracy of Merit
› FOOTBINDING
› Champa – Fast-ripening rice
 Neo-Confucianism
› Reaction to Buddhism
› More metaphysical
 Ming
› Zheng He, Treasure Ships
 Poetry – Li Po
› Nature, liquor, Daoism, travel,
imagery
 Buddhism arrives
› Foreign
› Selfish
› Land use
› No ancestor worship
› Rulers against it, merchants for it

25.  Chengghis Khan – 1230’s
› United clans
› CONQUEST
› Fast, surprise attack
 Great Khan, Chagtai, Golden Horde,
Ilkhanate
 PAX MONGOLICA
› Safe trade connected
east with west
 Kublai Khan – 1271 = YUAN DYNASTY
› Xanadu
› Khanbaliq
› Marco Polo
 Timur the Lame – Tamerlane
› Samarkand, destruction
 SPREAD of PLAGUE Videos: Millenium series- three on Mongols

26.  Religions traveled with
merchants
› Syncretism!
› Buddhism, Islam,
Christianity
› Ajanta & Dunhuang
Caves
 New Goods, people,
encounters
› Silk, spices, porcelain,
textiles…
 Disease! Caves at Dunhuang

27.  Ancient – Shintoism,
Kami
 Emperor – reigned, but
did not rule (until mid
19th c.)
 Sei Shonagon
› Pillow Book
 Lady Mirasaki
› Tale of Genji – first novel
 Confucianism, Buddhism,
Shintoism
 Shogun
 Daimyo
 Samurai
 Bushido – way of the
warrior
 Seppuku
 Accepted Chinese
writing, Confucian ideas,
but NOT Civil Service
Exams
Video: Millenium series on Pillowbook; Japan, Memoirs of a Secret Empire

28.  Charlemagne
› Missi Dominici
› Christianity & Pope
 Church – only unifying
force in Europe
 Monasticism
 Manorialism
› “Reciprocal Lord
Retainer Relationship”
› Serf
 Chivalry, Minstrels, Place
of women - Eleanor
 Champagne Fairs,
Hanseatic League
(Hansa)
 Gothic Cathedrals
 Competition between
N. Italian City States
 Urbanization!
 Crusades! Vikings!
Video: Millenium Series on Cathedrals, Competition, Renaissance

29.  Early Period: 2000 BCE- 250
CE
› Replaced Olmec rubber
people), who invented the
Calendar
› Hieroglyphs
› Bloodletting
› The Ball Game
› Popol Vuh
› Man made of corn & water
› Astronomy
 Classical Period:
250 – 900 CE
Mesoamerica
Chichen Itza, Palenque, Tikal
Video: Archeological Discoveries – Classical Maya

30.  Aztec
› Warrior Culture
› Religion
 Calendar, Sacrifice,
Pyramids
 Writing in glyphs
› Spoke Nahuatl
› Tenochtitlan
› Monteczuma
› Agriculture
 Chinampas
› Trade
 Inca
› Recovering from Civil
War - Atahualpa
› Mita System
› Hostage System
› Spoke Quechua –
 No writing - Quipu
› Religion
 NO sacrifice,
Strongholds, Mummy
bundles, Inti
› Agriculture
 Terraces
› Trade
› Machu Pichu
Video: Millenium on Aztecs; Engineering an Empire

31.  Sternpost Rudder – China
 Lateen Sails – Indian Ocean
 Astrolabe – Arabs
 Magnetic Compass – China
 Cartography – Arab experts
 Mongols used hand-held
canons that used GUNPOWDER

32. European TRADE in Atlantic World, Indian
Ocean, China, Japan…
Columbian Exchange, Great Dying…
Mercantilism: Silver, Cotton, Sugar…
Manila Galleons
Forced Labor: Atlantic Slavery,
Encomienda, Serfdom, Indentured
Joint Stock Companies, Commercial Rev.
Protestant Reformation Scientific
Revolution Enlightenment
Tech: Naval Tech, Printing Press,
Gunpowder weapons,
Engenho…
Gunpowder Empires
- Mughal – Akbar, Seikhs
- Ottomans - Suleiman
- Safavids- Shia
- Russia –
- Enlightened Despots
- Expansion! Cossacks,
Boyars, Serfs.

33. Increased populations
worldwide
Major New World Crops:
– Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes
Major Old World
Contributions:
-Domesticated Animals: cattle,
sheep, pigs, chickens, horses
-Wheat
-Rice
-Citrus
-Bananas
-DISEASES!!!!
Canned good project

34.  Isolation
› Geography
 Americas
 Russia
 China & Japan
› Religion
 Ottoman
Empire
 Russia
 China & Japan
› Culture
 Ottomans,
 Russia,
 China & Japan
 Global Interaction
› Trade
 Land v. Sea
 Western dominance
› Columbian Exchange
& Effects
› Conquest
› Slavery
› Missionaries
› Choosing Isolation
 Russia – Selective
Westernization
 China – one port open
 Japan – closed,
except to Dutch

35.  Russia – forced & selective
› Gunpowder weapons, elite culture, math
 Islamic Empires (Ottomans, Safavids)
› Largely refused Western influence
› Gunpowder weapons
› Printing Press late, for Christians
› Mughal – did not westernize, but traded with all comers
 China – largely refused
› Mechanical novelties, some religion at first
› Left only port of Canton open, no religion
 Japan – closed to West
› Some science through Dutch, some guns, no religion
 Latin America – no choice! Conquest & colonization!
› Exploitation of natural resources, including people. Mercantilism.
Manila Galleons transported Silver.
› The Great Dying, replacement by Europeans & Africans
› Mixing of Races, stratification of society based on racial pedigree
 North America
› Colonization, NO mixing of races, shoved native people aside & took
over. Mercantilism.

36.  Atlantic Slavery
› Triangle Trade,
Middle Passage
 Indentured
Servitude-
› Scotl, Engl, Germ.
 Indigenous
Americans
› Mita, Encomienda,
Recomienda
 Janissaries
› Devshirme
 Serfs
› Germany
› Russia – peasants
became serfs
 Islamic Slavery
› traditional

37.  Plague in the Old World
–
› China, Central Asia,
Middle East, Europe
› Wiped out 1/3 to ½ in
some societies
› Effect?
 Great Dying in the New
World -
› Americas
› Wiped out most
indigenous Americans
› Effect- Made conquest
EASY
 Strong Elite Women
› Elizabeth Tudor
› Isabella – Spain
› Nur Jahan – Mughal
› Roxelaine – Ottoman
› King Nazinga – Africa
 City women worked
alongside husband
 As population increases,
what do we do with
unmarried women?!
Witchcraft…
 Otherwise, no real change

38.  GUNPOWDER WEAPONS
› Gunpowder Empires – Russia, Ottomans,
Mughal…
 Ship building
› Europeans: Galleons, Caravels, Peter the
Great, Chinese Treasure Ships
› Built on tech from last time period: compass,
astrolabe, cartography, Dhows & Junks
› Silk Road takes a back seat to sea trade
 Printing Press
› Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment
› Empowers the people…

39.  Agriculture, Mining
 Exploration, conquest, colonization
 Trade
 Exploitation
› Atlantic Slave Trade, Manila Galleons
› Mercantilism
 Wars
› Between Europeans, Muslims
› Conquest: Americas, Russia, Ottomans, Mughal

40.  Gunpowder Empire
 Wealthy - long distance trade
 Sikhism – Guru Nanak Dev- c. 1507
 Akbar
› Divine Faith
› Religious Tolerance
 No pilgrim tax,
 No jizya,
 Hindus high in government
 Married Hindu princesses
› Conquest & Building
 Fatiphur Sikri – syncretism!

41.  Renaissance Humanism
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Brunelleschi,
Boticelli… Van Eyck, Durer…
 Protestant Reformation
› Martin Luther
 95 Theses
› Henry VIII
 Act of Supremecy
› John Calvin
 Predestination
 Counter Reformation
› Baroque
PRINTING
PRESS!!!
Plague  Renaissance  Reformation 
Scientific Revolution  Enlightenment  Exploration
 Commercial Revolution  Wealthy merchants
Want a “say” in Government ….

42.  Scientific Revolution
› Copernicus
› Galileo - 1632
› Scientific Method
› Sir Isaac Newton
 Light, optics
 Gravity
 Deism
› God as
Watchmaker
 Enlightenment
› Divine Right of Kings
vs. Social Contract
› Thomas Hobbes,
John Locke…
Voltaire.
› Enlightened
Monarchs
 Exploration
› Henry the
Navigator, da
Gama, Columbus…
› Treaty of Tordesillas
Printing Press!

43.  Joint Stock Companies
› British East India, Royal Muscovy
› VOC
 Mercantilism
› Sugar & Silver…
› Manila Galleons
 More people working for
MONEY, not food. Cities.
Consumerism.
Proto- Industrialization – Putting Out System

44.  Spread new ideas
› Science & Enlightenment, Reason
 Spread technology
 Exposure to new cultures/ideas 
Transformation while refusal  stagnation
› education, politics, economies, weaponry, travel
 Kings & Nation states more powerful
› Some parliamentary monarchies in Europe
 Religious Conflicts
› Reformation, Missions, Inquisition, Wars in Europe

45. Atlantic Revolutions
Industrial Revolution- agriculture, communication, travel,
manufacturing
Atlantic Slavery- Height: 1750; End of Slavery – 1830
New Imperialism – India, Southeast Asia, Scramble for
Africa
NATIONALISM and desire for POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
J-ROC
Cultural Diffusion

46.  Revolution
› State System  Nationalism
› End of Mercantilism, arrival of
Capitalism
› INDEPENDENCE as main motive in
this time period
› Overthrow Absolute Monarch
› Unifications
› Liberalism & Conservatism
 End of Serfdom & Slavery
› French Rev ends Feudalism, Alexander II of
Russia ends Serfdom.
› Industrializing British end slave trade,
ownership, for everyone.
› American Civil War ends slavery in US.
 Industrial Revolution
› Affected EVERYONE! – Ag,
Communication, Transportation,
Weaponry!
› Second largest change in history!
› Those who industrialized  Imperialists –
Britain, US, Japan, Germany…
 Role of Women
 Imperialism
› India
› Africa – Scramble for Africa, Mandates
› China- Unequal Treaties
› Japan – Admiral Perry’s Black Ships
› Ottoman Empire- Capitulations,
Mandates
 Decline/ Humiliation / Disappearance
of Land-based Empires
› Ottoman – Sick Man of Europe. Europeans kept
them alive as buffer between Europe and
Russia. Tanzimat Era. Young Ottomans. Young
Turks.
› China- Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Self
Strengthening Movement, Spheres of Influence
› Meijii Restoration – Industrialization & Empire!
› Russian – Czar freed the serfs in 1742- but
nowhere to go. Zemstovs 1864. Industrialized
TOO FAST  dissatisfaction with Czar Nicholas.
Project: Revolutions Presentations

47. Atlantic Revolutions - Want Independence &/or
freedom from oppression
 American – 1776
› Independence: Shot heard round the world
› No taxation without representation
› Anti-Mercantilism; Enlightenment Ideals
 French – 1789
› Anti-oppression, Enlightenment Ideals.
› Jacobins, Robespierre, Napoleon Bonaparte
 Haiti
› Independence, Anti-Slavery,
› Toussaint L’Ouverture
 Mexican – 1810, 1910
› 1810 – Independence, Father Hidalgo
› 1910 - Land redistribution, US out of Mexico,
More Representative Government - Wanted
social change but it did not happen. Pancho
Villa & Emiliano Zapata
 Boliverian
› Simon Bolivar achieved Independence but not
Dream of Gran Columbia
› Modern Day Chavez & Morales…
20th Century Revolutions – Want social
change, fair access to government
 Russian 1917+
› Communist- change government,
social change
 Chinese 1927-59
› Anti-Empire, Communist
 Peron in Argentina- 1946 – Third Way
› Fascism, workers party, military coup
d’etat, anti – English/tradition/Church
 Indian Independence
› Anti-colonialism, social change,
vivisection creates Pakistan & India
 Cuban- 1959 – Overthrow dictator,
Communist – social reform, end
mercantilism & foreign involvement
 African – Anticolonial, antiapartheid-
› Ghana, Kenya, South Africa
 Revolutions of 1989
› Prague Spring, Velvet, Poland,
Romania, Hungary: Anti-USSR
 Iranian – 1979 – Islamist, anti-Western
involvement in politics & economy
Independence
Coup d’etat
Social Change

48. Exchangeable parts & people
replace artisans & their products
 Agriculture, Communication, Travel,
Warfare:
› Telegraph, steam ships, trains,
machine guns!
› EVERYONE, Going everywhere, FAST!
› Steel! Mechanization!
› Coal, later oil – fossil fuels.
› More food than ever, produced by
fewer people than ever, higher
population than ever!  some people
displaced, poorer…
Eli Whitney
Henry Ford
Henry Bessemer

49.  Deeply touches EVERYONE!
› Mass society!
› Consumer society!
 New Class Structure in
Industrialized societies:
› Urban working poor,
› Middle Class- Urban- Bourgeoisie
› Captains of Industry replace Nobility.
 How to Cope with rapid change?
› Luddites, Abuse on the job & at home,
Utopian Socialism and Marxism as reactions

50.  Justification?
› Economy needs it!
› Strategic Reasons.
› Take minds off of horrors
of industrial society.
› Industrialized nations
need cheap raw
materials & markets to
sell goods
› Civilizing, Saving
› “White Man’s Burden”
 Logical outgrowth of: End of
Mercantilism + Industrial
Revolution + Nationalism.
 Berlin Conference & Scramble for
Africa
› Von Bismark, Cecil Rhodes.
› Boer War, Afrikaaners, Union of South
Africa. Diamonds, gold.
 India
› Raw materials, Rail Roads &
telegraphs, Anglicizing, Markets to sell
finished goods.
› Sepoy Mutiny
 China
› Opium Wars, Unequal Treaties-
Extraterritoriality. Open Door Policy.
Taiping & Boxer Rebellions. Self-
strengthening Movement. Spheres of
Influence. Corrupt landlord class.
 Japan
› In both roles!!
› US role: Gun boat diplomacy. Admiral
Perry. Black Boats. Unequal Treaties.
› Meiji Restoration  industrialization,
Imperialist in China, Russia, Korea,
Taiwan…

51.  Ottomans - Sick Man of
Europe.
 Europe kept them going to
serve as buffer between Russia
& Europe. Corrupt Janissaries
Destroyed.
 Spheres of Influence
 Capitulations- Extraterritoriality
 Tanzimat Reforms – some
railroads, telegraphs, secular
schools…
 Meiji Restoration - 1876
 Young Japanese Emperor
restores power to emperor
› Westernizes Japan
› Rapid Industrialization
› IMPERIALISM! Military victories
over China & Russia
› Took Korea (Manchukuo) &
Taiwan, kicked Russia out of
Manchuria, and established
own Sphere of Influence there.

52. 1914 - Present
Ideologies
Marxism, Communism, Fascism…
Total War
World War I
World War II
Cold War- Containment
Nationalism, Separatism,
Decolonization
Civil Rights + Rights for Women
Revolutions of 1989
USSR Dissolution
Global Economy, Great Depression
Global Organizations & Movements
Religious Fundamentalism

53.  Russia
› Bolsheviks
› Nikolai Lenin
 Peace, Land & Bread
 Vanguard of the
Revolution
› Joseph Stalin
 Purges
 Five Year Plans
 Collectivization
 Stalingrad turns the tide
of World War II
 Yalta & Potsdam
Conferences
 China
› Nationalists
 Chiang Kai Shek
 Sun Yat Sen
 Taiwan
› Communists
 Mao Tse Tung
 Long March
 Agricultural
Communism
 Great Leap Forward
 Cultural Revolution

54.  WORLD!
 Total War =
TECHNOLOGICAL
WARFARE! All is fair…
 Whole society
mobilizes  mass
casualties! Masses as
hostages!!
 Why fight?
› Propaganda
› Secret Treaties
› Archduke Ferdinand
 Trench Warfare, Barbed Wire,
Flares, Maxim Guns, Bombs,
Mustard Gas, Shell Shock, lost
limbs… The horror of “The War
to End All Wars”
 Wilson’s 14
Points
 Treaty of Versailles: Ended
WWI & started WWII
› Stab-In-the-Back Myth

55.  Freud
 Einstein
 Art from between the
wars  The Great WORLD
Depression

56.  Lost land in WWI
settlement (central
power member)
 Armenian Genocide.
 Mustafa Kemal – Ataturk
› Turned back the
invading Greeks
› Overthrew Ottoman
Sultan
› 1st modern president of
Turkey- 1923
› Westernized:
 Dress, ie: no Fez
 Secularized customs
 Alphabet changed to
latin,
 Parliamentary
government system,
 Western legal code rather
than Islamic,
 Wanted Turkey to join
Europe.
› Opposition!!!

57.  Fascism in Spanish Civil War –
practice for war – General Franco
 Il Duche – Mussolini
 Der Fuhrer - Hitler
› Lebensraum & Third Reich as
result of strong Nationalism
› Brown & Black Shirts
› Stab-in-the-Back Myth
› Kristallnacht
› Nuremberg Rally
› Blitzkreig – London’s “Blitz”
› Anschluss
› The Final Solution – The
Holocaust
 Emperor Hirohito – Rape of
Nanjing.
 Allies & Axis powers
 Chamberlain/ Churchill, Petain-
Vichy, DeGaulle- Resistance;
Stalin, Roosevelt/ Truman: The
Buck Stops Here.
 Battle of Stalingrad- Not one step
back! Industry moved to Siberia.
Uncle Joe.
 American Loans, then American
money, then American troops
VE Day. Americans froze
Japanese assets  Pearl Harbor.
 Technology – planes, bombs,
radar, air raids, radio, movie
theatres, Manhattan Project:
Atomic Bombs.
 Japan
› Pearl Harbor, Kamikazee,
Atomic Bomb, Island Hopping,
Battle of Midway, VJ-Day
Videos: Triumph of the Will – shots of the Nuremberg Rally; Judgment at
Nuremberg; and possibly Night and Fog

58.  India / Pakistan
 Africa
 Vietnam
Video: Gandhi Ho Chi Minh

59.  USA
› Truman Doctrine
› Containment: Iron Curtain
Speech – Churchill
› Nixon – Kruschev & Kitchen
Debates
› JFK – Bay of Pigs Invasion,
Cuban Missile Crisis
(Brinksmanship!), Race to the
Moon
› Reagan
 Star Wars missiles
 Fall of Berlin Wall
 USSR
› Iron Curtain Speech -
Churchill
› Sputnik
› Brezhnev Doctrine
Gorbacev
DÉTENTE
› SALT Talks
› Gorbacev, Yeltsin
› Glasnost - opening
› Perestroika - restructuring
›

60.  Poland – Solidarity,
Lech Walesa
 Hungary
 Czechoslovakia-
Prague Spring,
Velvet Revolution
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 East Germany – Wall
came down
 Dissolution of USSR

61.  1976 Mao died
 Deng modernized
› agriculture,
› industry,
› science,
› technology, &
national defense.
 'It does not matter
whether a cat is black
or white as long as it
catches mice'.
› Refers to state-
control verses free
market economics.
 June 4, 1989 –
Tiananmen Square
Massacre
 Discontent with the
restructuring of the
economy
 Anger at corruption –
 Death of a popular
politician
 Students studied
abroad, brought back
ideas…
Ai Wei Wei,
Dissident?

62.  Tunisia
 Egypt – Mubarak
 Libya – Gadhafi
 Yemen
 Syria
› Government
repressing revolution
 Saudi Arabia
› Women trying to
get the vote

63.  Instability
 Policeman to the world?
 Global Economy
 Global warming & Green
Concerns
 Rogue States
 Terrorism
 NGO’s – positive & negative
 What next???
Video: Islamist Movement

64. What happens next is in your hands.