3. ***Education and Society***
Education plays a significant role in society.
Educational institutions take part on society in
different aspects; such as on the people’s intellectual
development, politics, economics and several other
fields.
Sociologists see education as one of the major
institutions that constitutes society. While theories
guide research and policy formation of
education, they also provide logical explanations on
why things happen as they do. These theories help
sociologist understand educational systems.
4. Definition of Terms
Society
a structured community of people bound together by
similar traditions, institutions, or nationality
Culture
shared beliefs and values of group of people
Consensus
A general or widespread agreement among all
members of a particular society
Conflict
A clash between ideas, principles and people
5. There are several theories that deal
with the formulation of the foundation
of education in relation to the society.
Among of these theories are the
conflict and consensus theories.
According to some sociologist;
society has two faces; the face of
consensus and the face of conflict.
Further, they emphasized that
sociological theory should be divided
into two parts between the
consensus theory and the conflict
theory.
6. The consensus and conflict
sociological theories are
reflected in the works of
certain dominant social
theorists such as Karl Marx,
Emile Durkheim and Max
Weber.
7. Consensus Theory
• Emphasizes on social order, stability and social
regulation
• Social change occurs in a slow and orderly
fashion and considered shared norms and values
as fundamental factors towards society.
• Concerned with the maintenance or the
continuation of social order, in relation to
accepted norms, values, rules and regulations as
widely accepted by the society.
8. • Consensus is a concept in society in which
there is a belief that the absence of conflict
means the equilibrium state that is based
upon widespread agreement by all of the
members of the society itself.
• It is being considered in these theories that
the social order in society should be
maintained, based upon the accepted norms,
values, roles or regulations that are accepted
by the society in general.
9. oAccording to HORACE MANN,
“ education should be the great equalizer.”
oHorace Mann was the one who started the
“free public school” movement in the United
states in 1848.
10. Conflict Theory
• The conflict theory emphasizes that the order in
society are based upon the manipulation and control
by any dominant groups.
• Focuses on the struggle of social classes to maintain
dominance and power in social systems.
• Conflict theories ask how schools contribute to the
unequal distribution of people into jobs in society so
that more powerful members of society maintain the
best positions and the less powerful are allocated to
lower ranks in society.
11. • The theorist of the conflict theory looks on how
some of the institutions in society such as
religion, government, media, as well as education
are in one way or another help in maintaining
some privileges of some groups against the other
groups.
12. As the consensus theorist tries to examine on the
integration of values in society, the conflict theorist
examines about the conflicts of interest between social
groups in society.
Some sociologists believe that society cannot exist
without having both conflict and consensus in
society, hence, they are considered as prerequisites on
each others existence. They further considered that
there is no conflict in society if there is no some prior
consensus that exists.
