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Pal gov.tutorial2.session5 2.rdfs_jarrar
1.
أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية
الفلسطينية The Palestinian eGovernment Academy www.egovacademy.ps Tutorial II: Data Integration and Open Information Systems Session 5.2 RDF Schema Prof. Mustafa Jarrar Sina Institute, University of Birzeit mjarrar@birzeit.edu www.jarrar.info Reviewed by Prof. Marco Ronchetti, Trento University, Italy PalGov © 2011 1
2.
About This tutorial is
part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1- 2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps Project Consortium: Birzeit University, Palestine University of Trento, Italy (Coordinator ) Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Palestine Technical University, Palestine Université de Savoie, France Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine University of Namur, Belgium Ministry of Interior, Palestine TrueTrust, UK Ministry of Local Government, Palestine Coordinator: Dr. Mustafa Jarrar Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine Telfax:+972 2 2982935 mjarrar@birzeit.eduPalGov © 2011 2
3.
© Copyright Notes Everyone
is encouraged to use this material, or part of it, but should properly cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part. No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the project, who have the full copyrights on the material. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC-BY-NC-SA This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non- commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. PalGov © 2011 3
4.
Tutorial Map
Topic h Intended Learning Objectives Session 1: XML Basics and Namespaces 3 A: Knowledge and Understanding Session 2: XML DTD’s 3 2a1: Describe tree and graph data models. Session 3: XML Schemas 3 2a2: Understand the notation of XML, RDF, RDFS, and OWL. Session 4: Lab-XML Schemas 3 2a3: Demonstrate knowledge about querying techniques for data Session 5: RDF and RDFs 3 models as SPARQL and XPath. 2a4: Explain the concepts of identity management and Linked data. Session 6: Lab-RDF and RDFs 3 2a5: Demonstrate knowledge about Integration &fusion of Session 7: OWL (Ontology Web Language) 3 heterogeneous data. Session 8: Lab-OWL 3 B: Intellectual Skills Session 9: Lab-RDF Stores -Challenges and Solutions 3 2b1: Represent data using tree and graph data models (XML & Session 10: Lab-SPARQL 3 RDF). Session 11: Lab-Oracle Semantic Technology 3 2b2: Describe data semantics using RDFS and OWL. Session 12_1: The problem of Data Integration 1.5 2b3: Manage and query data represented in RDF, XML, OWL. Session 12_2: Architectural Solutions for the Integration Issues 1.5 2b4: Integrate and fuse heterogeneous data. Session 13_1: Data Schema Integration 1 C: Professional and Practical Skills Session 13_2: GAV and LAV Integration 1 2c1: Using Oracle Semantic Technology and/or Virtuoso to store Session 13_3: Data Integration and Fusion using RDF 1 and query RDF stores. Session 14: Lab-Data Integration and Fusion using RDF 3 D: General and Transferable Skills Session 15_1: Data Web and Linked Data 1.5 2d1: Working with team. 2d2: Presenting and defending ideas. Session 15_2: RDFa 1.5 2d3: Use of creativity and innovation in problem solving. Session 16: Lab-RDFa 3 2d4: Develop communication skills and logical reasoning abilities. PalGov © 2011 4
5.
Reading RDF Schema (http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/)
PalGov © 2011 5
6.
RDF Schema • RDF
Schema provides the framework to describe application- specific classes and properties. • RDF Schema ‘semantically extends’ RDF to enable us to talk about classes of resources, and the properties that will be used with them. • Classes in RDF Schema is much like classes in object oriented programming languages. This allows resources to be defined as instances of classes, and subclasses of classes. • RDF schemas are Web resources (and have URIs) and can be described using RDF PalGov © 2011 6
7.
Describing Classes with
RDFS • To describe classes we can use built in RDF Schema resources: • rdfs:Class • rdfs:subClassOf • These are used in conjunction with the rdf:type property. Rdfs:subclassOf :Man :Person Rdf:Type Rdf:Type rdfs:Class :Edward Said PalGov © 2011 7
8.
Defining a class
(e.g., passport) idea Source: Roger L. Costello,David B. Jacobs,The MITRE Corporation All classes and properties are defined within <?xml version="1.0"?> rdf:RDF <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.egov.pal-rdf-syntax-ns#" Defines the <rdfs:Class rdf:ID=“passport“/> Passport class Defines the Diplomatic class <rdfs:Class rdf:ID=“passport"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#personal"/> </rdfs:Class> ... </rdf:RDF> personal.rdfs This is read as: "I hereby define a passport Class. diplomatic is a subClassOf passport.” PalGov © 2011 8
9.
Describing Properties with
RDF(S) • RDF Schema allows us to describe properties. (Properties are instances of the class rdf:Property!) • We can specify a domain using rdfs:domain. • We can specify a range using rdfs:range. :Person rdf:Type rdfs:domain rdfs:Calss rdf:Property rdfs:range Rdf:Type :hasColleague PalGov © 2011 9
10.
RDF Schema • Defines
small Vocabulary for RDF: • Class, subClassOf, type • Property, subPropertyOf • domain, range • Vocabulary can be used to define other vocabularies for your application domain. Person subClassOf subClassOf hasSuperVisor Student Researcher type type Frank hasSuperVisor Jeen PalGov © 2011 10
11.
RDFS Example
<?xml version="1.0"?> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf= "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" Observe that it is xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" an rdf document xml:base= "http://www.animals.fake/animals"> <rdfs:Class rdf:ID="animal" /> <rdfs:Class rdf:ID="horse"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#animal"/> </rdfs:Class> <rdfs:Class rdf:ID="dog"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#animal"/> </rdfs:Class> </rdf:RDF> PalGov © 2011 11
12.
RDF Schema (Another
Example) … <rdf:Description ID=“Teacher"> <rdf:type resource=“rdf:Class"/> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=“foaf:Person"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID=“Course"> <rdf:type resource=“rdf:Class"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID=“Address"> <rdf:type resource=“rdf:Class"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID="Truck"> <rdf:type resource="http://www.w3.org/...#Class"/> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#MotorVehicle"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID="registeredTo"> <rdf:type resource="http://www.w3.org/...#Property"/> PalGov © 2011 12
13.
Main RDFS constructs •
rdfs:Class allows to declare a resource as a class for other resources. • rdfs:subClassOf allows to declare hierarchies of classes. • rdfs:domain of an rdf:predicate declares the class of the subject in a triple whose second component is the predicate. • rdfs:range of an rdf:predicate declares the class or datatype of the object in a triple whose second component is the predicate. • rdfs:subPropertyOf is an instance of rdf:Property that is used to state that all resources related by one property are also related by another. • rdfs:seeAlso is an instance of rdf:Property that is used to indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. • rdfs:label is an instance of rdf:Property that may be used to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name. • rdfs:comment is an instance of rdf:Property that may be used to provide a human- readable description of a resource. • rdfs:Literal is the class of literal values such as strings and integers.property values such as textual strings are examples of RDF literals. Literals may be plain or typed. • rdfs:Datatype is the class of datatypes… PalGov © 2011 13
14.
RDFS is not
enough • In the next lecture, we shall learn bout OWL, in order to be more expressive in representing the meaning. PalGov © 2011 14
15.
A Few Words
on RDFa • Bringing the "Web of Documents“ and the "Web of Data" (Semantic Web) closer. • Making XHTML web ages structured data. (by embedding RDF triples inside XHML). PalGov © 2011 15
16.
A Few Words
on Linked Data • A community project to publish various open datasets as RDF on the Web and by setting RDF links between data items from different data sources. • Data items are linked across datasets (Palestine is DBPedia is the same Palestine in Yago) • By May 2009 this had grown to 4.2 billion RDF triples. PalGov © 2011 16
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