1. ‫أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية الفلسطينية‬
The Palestinian eGovernment Academy
www.egovacademy.ps
Tutorial 4: Ontology Engineering & Lexical Semantics
Session 5
Ontology Tools
Dr. Mustafa Jarrar
University of Birzeit
mjarrar@birzeit.edu
www.jarrar.info
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2. About
This tutorial is part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the
Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1-
2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps
Project Consortium:
Birzeit University, Palestine
University of Trento, Italy
(Coordinator )
Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
Palestine Technical University, Palestine
Université de Savoie, France
Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine
University of Namur, Belgium
Ministry of Interior, Palestine
TrueTrust, UK
Ministry of Local Government, Palestine
Coordinator:
Dr. Mustafa Jarrar
Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine
Telfax:+972 2 2982935 mjarrar@birzeit.eduPalGov © 2011
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3. © Copyright Notes
Everyone is encouraged to use this material, or part of it, but should
properly cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part.
No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by
any means, without prior written permission from the project, who have
the full copyrights on the material.
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
CC-BY-NC-SA
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-
commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations
under the identical terms.
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4. Tutorial Map
Topic Time
Session 1_1: The Need for Sharing Semantics 1.5
Session 1_2: What is an ontology 1.5
Intended Learning Objectives
A: Knowledge and Understanding Session 2: Lab- Build a Population Ontology 3
4a1: Demonstrate knowledge of what is an ontology, Session 3: Lab- Build a BankCustomer Ontology 3
how it is built, and what it is used for. Session 4: Lab- Build a BankCustomer Ontology 3
4a2: Demonstrate knowledge of ontology engineering
and evaluation. Session 5: Lab- Ontology Tools 3
4a3: Describe the difference between an ontology and a Session 6_1: Ontology Engineering Challenges 1.5
schema, and an ontology and a dictionary.
Session 6_2: Ontology Double Articulation 1.5
4a4: Explain the concept of language ontologies, lexical
semantics and multilingualism. Session 7: Lab - Build a Legal-Person Ontology 3
B: Intellectual Skills Session 8_1: Ontology Modeling Challenges 1.5
4b1: Develop quality ontologies. Session 8_2: Stepwise Methodologies 1.5
4b2: Tackle ontology engineering challenges.
4b3: Develop multilingual ontologies. Session 9: Lab - Build a Legal-Person Ontology 3
4b4: Formulate quality glosses. Session 10: Zinnar – The Palestinian eGovernment 3
C: Professional and Practical Skills Interoperability Framework
4c1: Use ontology tools. Session 11: Lab- Using Zinnar in web services 3
4c2: (Re)use existing Language ontologies.
Session 12_1: Lexical Semantics and Multilingually 1.5
D: General and Transferable Skills
d1: Working with team. Session 12_2: WordNets 1.5
d2: Presenting and defending ideas. Session 13: ArabicOntology 3
d3: Use of creativity and innovation in problem solving.
Session 14: Lab-Using Linguistic Ontologies 3
d4: Develop communication skills and logical reasoning
abilities. Session 15: Lab-Using Linguistic Ontologies 3
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5. Outline and Session ILOs
This session will help student to:
4a1: Demonstrate knowledge of what is an ontology, how it is built,
and what it is used for.
4c1: Use ontology tools.
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6. Ontology Tools
Not only these, but many tools exist to help you model your ontology
• Protégé
• TopBraid
• SWOOP
• MS Visio and VisoModeler
• NORMA
• DogmaModeler and DogmaStudio
• You may use any tool you want, you can even use MS Excel or Word.
• Each tool has its own philosophy (methodology and modeling language).
• Most of them don’t import/export to each other (generate OWL not the same)
• The tool/language is not important when building an ontology, the important
thing is the content (the ontology itself)
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7. Protégé
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8. Protégé
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9. Protégé
• An open source ontology editing tool, written in Java.
• Developed at Stanford.
• The most commonly used tool for ontology editing
• Can be extended with various plug-ins and Java APIs
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10. TopBraid
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11. TopBraid
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12. TopBraid
• A modeling environment for developing ontologies and building semantic
web applications.
• Includes a Composer to develop, manage and test configurations of
knowledge models.
• Available as Free Edition, Standard Edition and Maestro Edition.
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13. SWOOP
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14. SWOOP
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15. SWOOP
• An open source tool for creating, editing, and debugging OWL ontologies.
• Produced by the MIND lab at University of Maryland, College Park and
has contributors from all over.
• Carries out all ontology editing inline with the HTML renderer.
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16. VisioModeler
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17. VisioModeler
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18. VisioModeler
• Freely available though unsupported from Microsoft Corporation.
• Designs and validates databases at the conceptual level.
• Has the ability to build a conceptual model from simple fact sentences.
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19. NORMA
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20. NORMA
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21. NORMA
• Supports ORM 2 (Object-Role Modeling, version 2).
• Implemented as an open-source plug-in for MS Visual Studio.
• Can map ORM models to DB engines, Object-oriented code, and XML
Schemas
• Downloadable from SourceForge or
http://www.ormfoundation.org/files/folders/norma_the_software/default.a
spx.
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22. Dogma Modeler
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23. Dogma Modeler
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24. Dogma Modeler
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25. Dogma Modeler
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26. Dogma Modeler
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27. Dogma Modeler
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28. Dogma Modeler
• Downloadable from http://www.jarrar.info/Dogmamodeler/
• Free and open source (prototype status)
• Designed as Ontology modeling tool
• Handles Double-articulation and modularization principles
• Supports the use of ORM as a graphical notation for
ontology modeling
• Verbalizes ORM diagrams into pseudo natural language in
11 different languages including English, Dutch, German,
French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and others.
• Includes automatic composition of ontology modules,
through a well-defined composition operator
• Incorporates linguistic resources in ontology engineering
• Carries out automatic mapping of ORM diagrams into the
DIG description logic interface and reasoning using Racer
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29. Practice Session
Re-build your BankCustomer Ontology using Protégé
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30. How to Use Protégé
A Quick User Guide

31. Protégé – A Quick User Guide
In the coming slides, we try to present some
basic steps on how to create classes,
properties, RDF/XML code and graphs in
Protégé.
The version we are using here is Protégé
4.2 alpha. It is open-source, and can be
downloaded from here
http://protege.stanford.edu/download/downl
oad.html
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32. Outline
The guide is comprised of the following:
• The home screens of Protégé
• How to create classes in Protégé
• How to create properties in Protégé
• How to view the ontology as a graph
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33. Home Screen
When you run Protégé; the first screen you get is this:
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34. Home Screen (cont.)
You can specify an
Ontology IRI, which
is where your
Ontology will be
published
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35. Home Screen (cont.)
You can also
choose the
Ontology Format
you want to use
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36. The Entities Tab
Choosing the Entities
tab when your
ontology file opens will
allow you to view the
classes and properties
that are included in
this ontology.
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37. Outline
The guide is comprised of the following:
• The home screens of Protégé
• How to create classes in Protégé
• How to create properties in Protégé
• How to view the ontology as a graph
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38. Class Details
Selecting ‘Thing’,
the most basic
Class in Protégé,
will show the class
Annotations and
Description next to
it
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39. Creating a New Class
To create a new
Class it can either
be a subclass or
sibling class of
another existing
A pop box appears to ask you for a
class.
name for your class
Since this will be
the first class, it has
to be a subclass of
Thing
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40. Creating a New Class (cont.)
Type in the name and click OK
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41. RDF/XML rendering of Classes
Choosing RDF/XML rendering in the
Class section will show the RDF/XML
code of the classes we created
Class
Address
Class
LegalPerson
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42. Outline
The guide is comprised of the following:
• The home screens of Protégé
• How to create classes in Protégé
• How to create properties in Protégé
• How to view the ontology as a graph
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43. Property Details
Selecting
‘topObjectProperty’,
the most basic
Object Property in
Protégé, will show
the class
Annotations,
Description and
Characteristics next
to it
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44. Creating a New Property
To create a new
property it can
either be a sub
property or sibling
property of another
existing property.
Since this will be
the first property, it
has to be a sub
property of
topObjectProperty
A pop box appears to ask you for a
name for your property
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45. Creating a New Property (cont.)
Type in the name and click OK
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46. Creating a New Property (cont.)
hasAddress Property
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47. Adding a Domain
Adding a domain and a range for the property can be
done through the property description window:
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48. Adding a Domain (cont.)
The domain
can be a class,
an expression,
an object or a
data
restriction,
each chosen
from its
corresponding
tab.
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49. Adding a Domain (cont.)
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50. Adding a Range
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51. Adding a Range (cont.)
The range can
be a class, an
expression, an
object or a
data
restriction,
each chosen
from its
corresponding
tab.
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52. Adding a Range (cont.)
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53. RDF/XML Rendering of Properties
Choosing RDF/XML rendering in the
Class section will show the RDF/XML
code of the properties we created
Property
hasAddress
Range:
Domain:
Address
LegalPerson
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54. Outline
The guide is comprised of the following:
• The home screens of Protégé
• How to create classes in Protégé
• How to create properties in Protégé
• How to view the ontology as a graph
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55. OntoGraf
As Ontologies are best viewed as graphs, Protégé has the option
“OntoGraf”.
OntoGraf Tab
Our very basic
ontology
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56. OntoGraf (cont.)
Hovering over a
property will show you
its details (the
subclass property)
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57. OntoGraf (cont.)
Hovering over a class will show
you its URI and its Superclasses
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58. Further References
•The Protégé Wiki
http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Main_Page
•Protégé’s User Documentation
http://protege.stanford.edu/doc/users.html
•Tutorial by Erdogan Dogdu, PhD
http://edogdu.etu.edu.tr/course/bil546/lectures/ProtegeTutorial.ppt
•Tutorials by Matthew Horridge
http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/tutorials/protegeowltutorial/
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