Enviar búsqueda
Cargar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 2.stepwisemethodologies
•
1 recomendación
•
1,034 vistas
Mustafa Jarrar
Seguir
Educación
Meditación
Denunciar
Compartir
Denunciar
Compartir
1 de 24
Descargar ahora
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Recomendados
Pal gov.tutorial4.session5.lab ontologytools
Pal gov.tutorial4.session5.lab ontologytools
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 2.wordnets
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 2.wordnets
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session2.lab populationontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session2.lab populationontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session3.lab bankcustomerontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session3.lab bankcustomerontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 1.ontologyengineeringchallenges
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 1.ontologyengineeringchallenges
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 2.whatisontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 2.whatisontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session13.arabicontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session13.arabicontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session14 rootinglegalpersonontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session14 rootinglegalpersonontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Recomendados
Pal gov.tutorial4.session5.lab ontologytools
Pal gov.tutorial4.session5.lab ontologytools
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 2.wordnets
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 2.wordnets
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session2.lab populationontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session2.lab populationontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session3.lab bankcustomerontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session3.lab bankcustomerontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 1.ontologyengineeringchallenges
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 1.ontologyengineeringchallenges
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 2.whatisontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 2.whatisontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session13.arabicontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session13.arabicontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session14 rootinglegalpersonontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session14 rootinglegalpersonontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.outline
Pal gov.tutorial4.outline
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session11.lab zinnarontologybasedwebservices
Pal gov.tutorial4.session11.lab zinnarontologybasedwebservices
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session7.lab legalpersonontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session7.lab legalpersonontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 1.lexicalsemanitcs
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 1.lexicalsemanitcs
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 2.knowledge double-articulation
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 2.knowledge double-articulation
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Mustafa Jarrar
Onward presentation.en
Onward presentation.en
ClarkTony
Continual Learning: Another Step Towards Truly Intelligent Machines
Continual Learning: Another Step Towards Truly Intelligent Machines
Vincenzo Lomonaco
Continual Reinforcement Learning in 3D Non-stationary Environments
Continual Reinforcement Learning in 3D Non-stationary Environments
Vincenzo Lomonaco
Pal gov.tutorial2.session0.outline
Pal gov.tutorial2.session0.outline
Mustafa Jarrar
Overview of the MediaEval 2012 Tagging Task
Overview of the MediaEval 2012 Tagging Task
MediaEval2012
Tutorial inns2019 full
Tutorial inns2019 full
Vincenzo Lomonaco
Animal neurophysiology virtual lab: Pedagogical requirements and technologica...
Animal neurophysiology virtual lab: Pedagogical requirements and technologica...
Nicolas Casel
Pal gov.tutorial3.session12.lab5
Pal gov.tutorial3.session12.lab5
Mustafa Jarrar
Natural Language Inference: for Humans and Machines
Natural Language Inference: for Humans and Machines
Valeria de Paiva
IRJET- Speech to Speech Translation System
IRJET- Speech to Speech Translation System
IRJET Journal
FinalReport
FinalReport
Vinh Xuan Ho
Pal gov.tutorial2.session5 1.rdf_jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session5 1.rdf_jarrar
Mustafa Jarrar
Using Virtual Reality for Interpreter-mediated Communication and Training
Using Virtual Reality for Interpreter-mediated Communication and Training
Panagiotis Ritsos
Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 1.ontologymodelingchallenges
Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 1.ontologymodelingchallenges
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7
Mustafa Jarrar
Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente
Pal gov.tutorial4.outline
Pal gov.tutorial4.outline
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session11.lab zinnarontologybasedwebservices
Pal gov.tutorial4.session11.lab zinnarontologybasedwebservices
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session7.lab legalpersonontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session7.lab legalpersonontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 1.lexicalsemanitcs
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 1.lexicalsemanitcs
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 2.knowledge double-articulation
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 2.knowledge double-articulation
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Mustafa Jarrar
Onward presentation.en
Onward presentation.en
ClarkTony
Continual Learning: Another Step Towards Truly Intelligent Machines
Continual Learning: Another Step Towards Truly Intelligent Machines
Vincenzo Lomonaco
Continual Reinforcement Learning in 3D Non-stationary Environments
Continual Reinforcement Learning in 3D Non-stationary Environments
Vincenzo Lomonaco
Pal gov.tutorial2.session0.outline
Pal gov.tutorial2.session0.outline
Mustafa Jarrar
Overview of the MediaEval 2012 Tagging Task
Overview of the MediaEval 2012 Tagging Task
MediaEval2012
Tutorial inns2019 full
Tutorial inns2019 full
Vincenzo Lomonaco
Animal neurophysiology virtual lab: Pedagogical requirements and technologica...
Animal neurophysiology virtual lab: Pedagogical requirements and technologica...
Nicolas Casel
Pal gov.tutorial3.session12.lab5
Pal gov.tutorial3.session12.lab5
Mustafa Jarrar
Natural Language Inference: for Humans and Machines
Natural Language Inference: for Humans and Machines
Valeria de Paiva
IRJET- Speech to Speech Translation System
IRJET- Speech to Speech Translation System
IRJET Journal
FinalReport
FinalReport
Vinh Xuan Ho
Pal gov.tutorial2.session5 1.rdf_jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session5 1.rdf_jarrar
Mustafa Jarrar
Using Virtual Reality for Interpreter-mediated Communication and Training
Using Virtual Reality for Interpreter-mediated Communication and Training
Panagiotis Ritsos
La actualidad más candente
(19)
Pal gov.tutorial4.outline
Pal gov.tutorial4.outline
Pal gov.tutorial4.session11.lab zinnarontologybasedwebservices
Pal gov.tutorial4.session11.lab zinnarontologybasedwebservices
Pal gov.tutorial4.session7.lab legalpersonontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session7.lab legalpersonontology
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 1.lexicalsemanitcs
Pal gov.tutorial4.session12 1.lexicalsemanitcs
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 2.knowledge double-articulation
Pal gov.tutorial4.session6 2.knowledge double-articulation
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Onward presentation.en
Onward presentation.en
Continual Learning: Another Step Towards Truly Intelligent Machines
Continual Learning: Another Step Towards Truly Intelligent Machines
Continual Reinforcement Learning in 3D Non-stationary Environments
Continual Reinforcement Learning in 3D Non-stationary Environments
Pal gov.tutorial2.session0.outline
Pal gov.tutorial2.session0.outline
Overview of the MediaEval 2012 Tagging Task
Overview of the MediaEval 2012 Tagging Task
Tutorial inns2019 full
Tutorial inns2019 full
Animal neurophysiology virtual lab: Pedagogical requirements and technologica...
Animal neurophysiology virtual lab: Pedagogical requirements and technologica...
Pal gov.tutorial3.session12.lab5
Pal gov.tutorial3.session12.lab5
Natural Language Inference: for Humans and Machines
Natural Language Inference: for Humans and Machines
IRJET- Speech to Speech Translation System
IRJET- Speech to Speech Translation System
FinalReport
FinalReport
Pal gov.tutorial2.session5 1.rdf_jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session5 1.rdf_jarrar
Using Virtual Reality for Interpreter-mediated Communication and Training
Using Virtual Reality for Interpreter-mediated Communication and Training
Similar a Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 2.stepwisemethodologies
Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 1.ontologymodelingchallenges
Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 1.ontologymodelingchallenges
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7.owl
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7.owl
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session8.lab owl
Pal gov.tutorial2.session8.lab owl
Mustafa Jarrar
A Comparative Study of Ontology building Tools in Semantic Web Applications
A Comparative Study of Ontology building Tools in Semantic Web Applications
dannyijwest
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications
IJwest
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications
dannyijwest
ESWC SS 2012 - Tuesday Tutorial Elena Simperl: Creating and Using Ontologies
ESWC SS 2012 - Tuesday Tutorial Elena Simperl: Creating and Using Ontologies
eswcsummerschool
Pal gov.tutorial2.session15 1.linkeddata
Pal gov.tutorial2.session15 1.linkeddata
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session1.xml basics and namespaces
Pal gov.tutorial2.session1.xml basics and namespaces
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session2.xml dtd's
Pal gov.tutorial2.session2.xml dtd's
Mustafa Jarrar
PERICLES Domain Specific Modelling - ‘Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Co...
PERICLES Domain Specific Modelling - ‘Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Co...
PERICLES_FP7
Pal gov.tutorial3.session14.lab6
Pal gov.tutorial3.session14.lab6
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial3.session5.lab2
Pal gov.tutorial3.session5.lab2
Mustafa Jarrar
Pal gov.tutorial2.session4.lab xml document and schemas
Pal gov.tutorial2.session4.lab xml document and schemas
Mustafa Jarrar
Jarrar: Stepwise Methodologies for Developing Ontologies
Jarrar: Stepwise Methodologies for Developing Ontologies
Mustafa Jarrar
Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS): Management of Classification Systems in...
Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS): Management of Classification Systems in...
AIMS (Agricultural Information Management Standards)
KOS Management - The case of the Organic.Edunet Ontology
KOS Management - The case of the Organic.Edunet Ontology
Vassilis Protonotarios
Question answer template
Question answer template
Thanuw Chaks
Similar a Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 2.stepwisemethodologies
(20)
Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 1.ontologymodelingchallenges
Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 1.ontologymodelingchallenges
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Pal gov.tutorial4.session1 1.needforsharedsemantics
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7.owl
Pal gov.tutorial2.session7.owl
Pal gov.tutorial2.session8.lab owl
Pal gov.tutorial2.session8.lab owl
A Comparative Study of Ontology building Tools in Semantic Web Applications
A Comparative Study of Ontology building Tools in Semantic Web Applications
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications
ESWC SS 2012 - Tuesday Tutorial Elena Simperl: Creating and Using Ontologies
ESWC SS 2012 - Tuesday Tutorial Elena Simperl: Creating and Using Ontologies
Pal gov.tutorial2.session15 1.linkeddata
Pal gov.tutorial2.session15 1.linkeddata
Pal gov.tutorial2.session1.xml basics and namespaces
Pal gov.tutorial2.session1.xml basics and namespaces
Pal gov.tutorial2.session2.xml dtd's
Pal gov.tutorial2.session2.xml dtd's
PERICLES Domain Specific Modelling - ‘Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Co...
PERICLES Domain Specific Modelling - ‘Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Co...
Pal gov.tutorial3.session14.lab6
Pal gov.tutorial3.session14.lab6
Pal gov.tutorial3.session5.lab2
Pal gov.tutorial3.session5.lab2
Pal gov.tutorial2.session4.lab xml document and schemas
Pal gov.tutorial2.session4.lab xml document and schemas
Jarrar: Stepwise Methodologies for Developing Ontologies
Jarrar: Stepwise Methodologies for Developing Ontologies
Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS): Management of Classification Systems in...
Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS): Management of Classification Systems in...
KOS Management - The case of the Organic.Edunet Ontology
KOS Management - The case of the Organic.Edunet Ontology
Question answer template
Question answer template
Más de Mustafa Jarrar
Clustering Arabic Tweets for Sentiment Analysis
Clustering Arabic Tweets for Sentiment Analysis
Mustafa Jarrar
Classifying Processes and Basic Formal Ontology
Classifying Processes and Basic Formal Ontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Discrete Mathematics Course Outline
Discrete Mathematics Course Outline
Mustafa Jarrar
Business Process Implementation
Business Process Implementation
Mustafa Jarrar
Business Process Design and Re-engineering
Business Process Design and Re-engineering
Mustafa Jarrar
BPMN 2.0 Analytical Constructs
BPMN 2.0 Analytical Constructs
Mustafa Jarrar
BPMN 2.0 Descriptive Constructs
BPMN 2.0 Descriptive Constructs
Mustafa Jarrar
Introduction to Business Process Management
Introduction to Business Process Management
Mustafa Jarrar
Customer Complaint Ontology
Customer Complaint Ontology
Mustafa Jarrar
Subset, Equality, and Exclusion Rules
Subset, Equality, and Exclusion Rules
Mustafa Jarrar
Schema Modularization in ORM
Schema Modularization in ORM
Mustafa Jarrar
On Computer Science Trends and Priorities in Palestine
On Computer Science Trends and Priorities in Palestine
Mustafa Jarrar
Lessons from Class Recording & Publishing of Eight Online Courses
Lessons from Class Recording & Publishing of Eight Online Courses
Mustafa Jarrar
Presentation curras paper-emnlp2014-final
Presentation curras paper-emnlp2014-final
Mustafa Jarrar
Jarrar: Future Internet in Horizon 2020 Calls
Jarrar: Future Internet in Horizon 2020 Calls
Mustafa Jarrar
Habash: Arabic Natural Language Processing
Habash: Arabic Natural Language Processing
Mustafa Jarrar
Adnan: Introduction to Natural Language Processing
Adnan: Introduction to Natural Language Processing
Mustafa Jarrar
Riestra: How to Design and engineer Competitive Horizon 2020 Proposals
Riestra: How to Design and engineer Competitive Horizon 2020 Proposals
Mustafa Jarrar
Bouquet: SIERA Workshop on The Pillars of Horizon2020
Bouquet: SIERA Workshop on The Pillars of Horizon2020
Mustafa Jarrar
Jarrar: Sparql Project
Jarrar: Sparql Project
Mustafa Jarrar
Más de Mustafa Jarrar
(20)
Clustering Arabic Tweets for Sentiment Analysis
Clustering Arabic Tweets for Sentiment Analysis
Classifying Processes and Basic Formal Ontology
Classifying Processes and Basic Formal Ontology
Discrete Mathematics Course Outline
Discrete Mathematics Course Outline
Business Process Implementation
Business Process Implementation
Business Process Design and Re-engineering
Business Process Design and Re-engineering
BPMN 2.0 Analytical Constructs
BPMN 2.0 Analytical Constructs
BPMN 2.0 Descriptive Constructs
BPMN 2.0 Descriptive Constructs
Introduction to Business Process Management
Introduction to Business Process Management
Customer Complaint Ontology
Customer Complaint Ontology
Subset, Equality, and Exclusion Rules
Subset, Equality, and Exclusion Rules
Schema Modularization in ORM
Schema Modularization in ORM
On Computer Science Trends and Priorities in Palestine
On Computer Science Trends and Priorities in Palestine
Lessons from Class Recording & Publishing of Eight Online Courses
Lessons from Class Recording & Publishing of Eight Online Courses
Presentation curras paper-emnlp2014-final
Presentation curras paper-emnlp2014-final
Jarrar: Future Internet in Horizon 2020 Calls
Jarrar: Future Internet in Horizon 2020 Calls
Habash: Arabic Natural Language Processing
Habash: Arabic Natural Language Processing
Adnan: Introduction to Natural Language Processing
Adnan: Introduction to Natural Language Processing
Riestra: How to Design and engineer Competitive Horizon 2020 Proposals
Riestra: How to Design and engineer Competitive Horizon 2020 Proposals
Bouquet: SIERA Workshop on The Pillars of Horizon2020
Bouquet: SIERA Workshop on The Pillars of Horizon2020
Jarrar: Sparql Project
Jarrar: Sparql Project
Último
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
Conquiztadors- the Quiz Society of Sri Venkateswara College
Grade 9 Quarter 4 Dll Grade 9 Quarter 4 DLL.pdf
Grade 9 Quarter 4 Dll Grade 9 Quarter 4 DLL.pdf
Jemuel Francisco
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
jordimapav
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
Humphrey A Beña
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Humphrey A Beña
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
mary850239
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
MIPLM
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Celine George
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
Celine George
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
TechSoup
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptx
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptx
Excellence Foundation for South Sudan
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
lancelewisportillo
Measures of Position DECILES for ungrouped data
Measures of Position DECILES for ungrouped data
BabyAnnMotar
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
JanEmmanBrigoli
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
JoshuaGantuangco2
Paradigm shift in nursing research by RS MEHTA
Paradigm shift in nursing research by RS MEHTA
BP KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HELATH SCIENCS,, NEPAL
Presentation Activity 2. Unit 3 transv.pptx
Presentation Activity 2. Unit 3 transv.pptx
Rosabel UA
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
Rommel Regala
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
mary850239
Textual Evidence in Reading and Writing of SHS
Textual Evidence in Reading and Writing of SHS
Mae Pangan
Último
(20)
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
Grade 9 Quarter 4 Dll Grade 9 Quarter 4 DLL.pdf
Grade 9 Quarter 4 Dll Grade 9 Quarter 4 DLL.pdf
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptx
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Measures of Position DECILES for ungrouped data
Measures of Position DECILES for ungrouped data
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
Paradigm shift in nursing research by RS MEHTA
Paradigm shift in nursing research by RS MEHTA
Presentation Activity 2. Unit 3 transv.pptx
Presentation Activity 2. Unit 3 transv.pptx
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
Textual Evidence in Reading and Writing of SHS
Textual Evidence in Reading and Writing of SHS
Pal gov.tutorial4.session8 2.stepwisemethodologies
1.
أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية
الفلسطينية The Palestinian eGovernment Academy www.egovacademy.ps Tutorial 4: Ontology Engineering & Lexical Semantics Session 8.2 Stepwise Methodologies Dr. Mustafa Jarrar University of Birzeit mjarrar@birzeit.edu www.jarrar.info PalGov © 2011 1
2.
About This tutorial is
part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1- 2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps Project Consortium: Birzeit University, Palestine University of Trento, Italy (Coordinator ) Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Palestine Technical University, Palestine Université de Savoie, France Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine University of Namur, Belgium Ministry of Interior, Palestine TrueTrust, UK Ministry of Local Government, Palestine Coordinator: Dr. Mustafa Jarrar Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine Telfax:+972 2 2982935 mjarrar@birzeit.eduPalGov © 2011 2
3.
© Copyright Notes Everyone
is encouraged to use this material, or part of it, but should properly cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part. No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the project, who have the full copyrights on the material. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC-BY-NC-SA This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non- commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. PalGov © 2011 3
4.
Tutorial Map
Topic Time Session 1_1: The Need for Sharing Semantics 1.5 Session 1_2: What is an ontology 1.5 Intended Learning Objectives A: Knowledge and Understanding Session 2: Lab- Build a Population Ontology 3 4a1: Demonstrate knowledge of what is an ontology, Session 3: Lab- Build a BankCustomer Ontology 3 how it is built, and what it is used for. Session 4: Lab- Build a BankCustomer Ontology 3 4a2: Demonstrate knowledge of ontology engineering and evaluation. Session 5: Lab- Ontology Tools 3 4a3: Describe the difference between an ontology and a Session 6_1: Ontology Engineering Challenges 1.5 schema, and an ontology and a dictionary. Session 6_2: Ontology Double Articulation 1.5 4a4: Explain the concept of language ontologies, lexical semantics and multilingualism. Session 7: Lab - Build a Legal-Person Ontology 3 B: Intellectual Skills Session 8_1: Ontology Modeling Challenges 1.5 4b1: Develop quality ontologies. Session 8_2: Stepwise Methodologies 1.5 4b2: Tackle ontology engineering challenges. 4b3: Develop multilingual ontologies. Session 9: Lab - Build a Legal-Person Ontology 3 4b4: Formulate quality glosses. Session 10: Zinnar – The Palestinian eGovernment 3 C: Professional and Practical Skills Interoperability Framework 4c1: Use ontology tools. Session 11: Lab- Using Zinnar in web services 3 4c2: (Re)use existing Language ontologies. Session 12_1: Lexical Semantics and Multilingually 1.5 D: General and Transferable Skills d1: Working with team. Session 12_2: WordNets 1.5 d2: Presenting and defending ideas. Session 13: ArabicOntology 3 d3: Use of creativity and innovation in problem solving. Session 14: Lab-Using Linguistic Ontologies 3 d4: Develop communication skills and logical reasoning abilities. Session 15: Lab-Using Linguistic Ontologies 3 PalGov © 2011 4
5.
Outline and Session
ILOs This session will help student to: 4a1: Demonstrate knowledge of what is an ontology, how it is built, and what it is used for. 4b1: Develop quality ontologies. PalGov © 2011 5
6.
Methodology What are the
phases of the ontology development life cycle? taking into account that Ontologies might be built collaboratively by many people. Let’s discuss from where to start, if you want to build an ontology for: • E-government • E-Banking • E-Health • Bioinformatics • Multilingual search engine • … PalGov © 2011 6
7.
Methodological Questions
– Which tools and techniques to use? – Which languages should be used in which circumstances, and in which order? – What quality measures should we care about? – What things can be reused? – Which people should be assigned which tasks? – .... • Many Methodologies exist ! But non is good! Because each project/application/domain is different, and the background of the people involved are also different, etc. • We will overview some common steps in this lecture, thus try to learn smartly, and don’t follow these steps literally. You should have your own methodology for each ontology. PalGov © 2011 7
8.
Most methodologies propose
these phases: 1- Identify Purpose and Scope 2- Building the Ontology 2.1- Ontology Capture 2.2- Ontology Coding 3- Integrating existing ontologies 4- Evaluation 5- Documentation PalGov © 2011 8
9.
1- Purpose and
Scope • There is no one/ideal ontology of a certain domain – There are always alternatives, each abstracting different things, and for different usages. • What should be included in the ontology (concepts and relations) should be smartly determined, taking into account (if possible) many application scenarios. – Interoperability between systems. – improve search quality. – Communication between people and organizations (important). … – Future extensions should be anticipated. PalGov © 2011 9
10.
1- Purpose and
Scope • When you specify the purpose and scope, you should specify the following: 1- What is the domain that the ontology will cover? The notion of context, in the double articulation theory, is part of the Purpose and Scope. That is: the scope where the vocabulary interpretation should be valid. For example: the scope of the legal-Person ontology is the set of all laws, regulations, and repositories in the state. 2- What we are going to use the ontology for? Enough description about what application scenarios are taking into account. Be carful with the ontology usability/reusability trade-off PalGov © 2011 10
11.
2- Building the
Ontology 2.1- Ontology Capture – Identify key concepts and relationships. – Produce clear text definitions for these concepts (i.e., glosses). – Identify terms that refer to these concepts. – Reach Consensus (Consensus is an indication of correctness). You may apply the 7 steps for building an ORM schema, somehow! 2.2- Ontology Coding/Specification/Characterization – Explicit representation of the “conceptualization” in some formal language. PalGov © 2011 11
12.
2.1- Ontology Capture:
Scoping • Brainstorming – Produce all potentially relevant terms and phrases. • Nouns form the basis for concept names • Verbs (or verb phrases) form the basis for property and names. This step can be semi- automated somehow, as candidate concepts and relations can be extracted automatically from relevant documents, laws, forms, DB schemes.... • Organize candidate concepts into groups Group related terms together. – Exclude some terms if not relevant (w.r.t., purpose and scope) – Keep notes of these decisions. – Group similar terms and potential synonyms together. PalGov © 2011 12
13.
2.1- Ontology Capture:
Produce Definitions • Use suitable meta-ontology – i.e., use modeling primitives in a consistent manner (e.g. Type, role, entity, instance, relationship...) • When several people are involved, each might be responsible on a group of terms – Semantic overlap with others must be right in the first place, otherwise lot of redundant re-working. • Terms: Produce definitions/glosses in a middle-out fashion – Define a gloss for each term. This helps get deeper understanding of the domain. – These glosses will have to be revised later, after defining the relationships/ subsumptions between concepts. – This is called middle-out, rather than top-down or bottom up. – will be discussed later. PalGov © 2011 13
14.
Define Taxonomy •
Relevant terms must be organized in a taxonomic hierarchy (i.e., subsumptions) – Opinions differ on whether it is more efficient to do this in a top- down or a bottom-up fashion. • Ensure that hierarchy is indeed a taxonomy: – If A subsumes B, then every instance of A must also be a subsume B (compatible with semantics of rdfs:subClassOf) – Insuring the correctness of subsumptions needs philosophical thinking (apply the OntoClean Methodology). • The semantics of subsumption demands that whenever A subsumes B, every property that holds for instances of B must also apply to instances of A (called inheritance). – It makes sense to attach properties to the highest class in the hierarchy to which they apply. PalGov © 2011 14
15.
Define Properties • Determine
the relevant properties for each concept. Such properties must be essential –to describe the meaning-, or relevant to the applications. • While attaching properties to concepts, it is useful to determine its range (its datatype/value, or relations with other concepts). PalGov © 2011 15
16.
Add Rules and
Restrictions • Cardinality Restrictions • Which properties should be unique, mandatory, disjunctions, restricted values…etc. • Relational Characteristics – symmetry, transitivity, inverse properties, functional values You must avoid the situation that the added rules are DB integrity constraints. Some/all rules should be verbalized –in pseudo natural language sentences- so to enable other people review it and give feedback. PalGov © 2011 16
17.
Define Some Important
Instances • Some important instances (might) be added to the ontology, if needed. Such entities can be: – Country: Palestine – Person: Arafat – Capital: Jerusalem • in case of a large instances, it is more convenient to have them separately . - See the Entity and Address servers in Zinnar PalGov © 2011 17
18.
Advantages of the
Middle-out Approaches • A bottom-up approach results in a high degree of detail – increases overall effort – makes it difficult to spot commonality between related concepts. – increases risk of inconsistencies and re-work. • Top-down allow better control of degree of detail – risk of arbitrary high-level categories – risk of limited stability • Middle-out strikes is a compromise, but it allow the ontology evolve gradually, you need to come back to some steps. • The higher level concepts naturally arise and are thus more likely to be stable. PalGov © 2011 18
19.
Reaching Agreement: Some
suggestions Ontologies are made to be agreed and shared, thus it is VERY important to make sure that people agree on them. How to facilitate reaching agreement? • Produce a natural language text definitions. - Ask domain experts to review the context, glosses, verbalized rules, and the ontology itself in a graphical/diagramatic form. • Ensure consistency with terms already in use – use existing thesauri and dictionaries – avoid introducing new terms in the definitions • Indicate relationships with other commonly used terms – synonyms, variants, such referring to different dimensions • Give examples PalGov © 2011 19
20.
Integrating Existing Ontologies •
Check overlap with existing ontologies • Establish formal links – Produce mappings to existing concept definitions – Import and extend existing ontologies • Avoid re-inventing the wheel! PalGov © 2011 20
21.
Ontology Evaluation Several Type
of evaluations: 1. Usability Evaluation: Validate whether the ontology produced satisfies (at least) the intended applications’ requirements. 2. Syntax evaluation: Validate whether the ontology is well-formed w.r.t the used language. 3. Logical evaluation: Validate whether the ontology has axioms contradicting or implying each other. 4. Ontological Evaluation: Validate whether the ontology has concepts that should be instances, sub-concepts that should be roles, etc. (The OntoClean methodology is very good for this evaluation) PalGov © 2011 21
22.
Check for Implications
and Contradictions Some tools exist to automatically detect logical correctness (contradictions and implications), depending on the used ontology language (Such as ORM: DogmaModeler, OWL: Racer) PalGov © 2011 22
23.
Some Guidelines Clarity: The
ontology engineer should communicate effectively with the domain experts (= ask the right questions): – Natural language definitions. – Give examples, alternatives, and contradictions, elicit knowledge. – emphasize distinctions. Coherence: The ontology should be internally consistent – Syntactically correct. – Logically consistent. – Ontologically consistent. Extensibility: modularize the ontology in a way it is easy to build, understand, and maintain. What should be in a module? Reusability and Usability: be innovative to tradeoff this smartly. PalGov © 2011 23
24.
References Mike Uschol: Building
Ontologies: Towards a Unified Methodology. Proceedings of Expert Systems th Annual Conference of the British Computer Society Specialist Group on Expert Systems. 1996 http://www.imamu.edu.sa/Scientific_selections/Documents/IT/96-es96-unified- method.pdf Mustafa Jarrar: Towards methodological principles for ontology engineering. PhD Thesis. Vrije Universiteit Brussel. (May 2005) http://www.jarrar.info/phd-thesis/ Fernández López: Overview Of Methodologies For Building Ontologies. Proceedings of the IJCAI99 Workshop on Ontologies and ProblemSolvingMethods Lessons Learned and Future Trends CEUR Publications. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.39.6002 PalGov © 2011 24
Descargar ahora