Every Step you need in planning to extend a working open cast mine to underground mine on reaching a pit bottom. Step-wise procedure to be followed is clearly mentioned. Justifies the Indian Laws. Sublevel Stoping method is explained in detail. Case study of a copper mine is presented for eg.

1. MINEO CASE STUDY
Presentation by-
1.Dageshwar Verma
2.Jasmeet Saluja
3.Keyur Bhushan Chandra
NIT RAIPUR

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• To prepare a feasibility report for mining the deposit by Underground
Mining Method below the Open Pit.
• Various points are to be included as mentioned, (which have been
considered in the following slides)

3. 1. EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment)
• Lease area have to be extended on the surface for shafts &
various surface feature requirements.
• Impact on land, air, soil due to underground will be limited to
leasehold area of opencast mine whose right have already
been taken.

4. 2. EMP ( Environment Management Plan)
Following mitigation measure will be taken:
• To ensure proper water management garland drains have been made
around the periphery of the quarry. For water pollution control measure
inflow and quality of the sewage will be checked before meeting to the
water resources.
• Checking the Vibrations at the surface caused by underground
blasting. Hence taking into consideration Minimum Vibration causing
explosive into use.

5. Clearence from MoEF & SPCB
• The copy of EMP of proposed project is attached and clearance
lenience of previous open pit mining have been send.
• Mitagative measures to protect environment is listed.
• The Project includes Rs. 1948.95 lakhs for environmental protection
measures.
• Since we are working at and disturbing the ground water level,
clearance from the SPCB needs to be taken regarding Ground Water
Level.

6. PERMISSION FROM INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES
• In compliance with METALIFERROUS MINE REGULATION 1961,
MINE ACT 1952, MINE RULE 1956 all the provisions have been taken
into consideration.
• Exploration, Mining, Solid Waste Management, Blasting, Mine
Drainage, Mineral Beneficiations, Community Social Responsibility,
Environment Management Plan are attached with actual data.

7. PERMISSION FROM DGMS
To ensure that all the Operations and Equipments are in
compliance with the safety and rules and regulations of
DGMS.

8. THE ACCESS LAYOUT OF UNDERGROUND MINING
• Key element to define the no. of primary access and its section area are:
• Allow adequate production rate to the s/f
• Provide the necessary ventilation
• Sufficient openings to allow transit of equipment, from s/f to u/g and
bet. Levels within the mine
• Considering all the geo-mining, geo- technical and techno-economic data
the proposed underground mine is accessed through Three Vertical
Shafts from the pit top itself.
These shafts are situated in the footwall side along the strike of ore deposit.
Two shafts at the extremities are ventilation with exhaust fan while the
mid one is production and service shaft.

10. MINE DEVELOPMENT
• Development comprises of 2 stages:
• PRIMARY DEVELOPMENT – Includes Development of Shafts,
Decline, and Drifts in footwall
• SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT - Raise, Winzes, Main Levels,
Sub-levels, Slot Raises, Undercuts,

12. Design & Location of Shaft
• Location of shaft is an imp factor in the costs of production and
development.
• In our Mine Layout, we have adopted a 3 Shaft Method.
3 Shaft System
• Three shafts are needed when the mining area is large and the ventilation
system with only 2 shafts become insufficient
• In this case, ventilation shafts have a smaller diameter than the production
shaft which is generally kept in the laterally away but at the center of the ore
body.

13. Design of Decline
• Features of ramp
• Slope bet. 10-16 degrees.
• 15 m radius of curve.
• Decline is performed in loops, with a slope of 16 deg in the
straight section and 10 deg in curves
• Dimensions of Decline used is 5.5m in width & 4.5m in height.

14. MAIN ACCESS
• Two Ventilation Shafts are situated in along the strike direction
1.8 km apart in the footwall side and have diameter of 4.5m and fitted
with the exhaust fan.
• The shafts are 360 m in the depth & opens up at 1st level.
• The Production Shaft is situated midway of the two ventilating
shaft.
• This shaft serves the purpose of Material and Man Winding and also
as Downcast Shaft.
• The depth of shaft is 550m.
• Decline is provided from the surface to serve machinery transport
from the surface to mine and within the mine.

15. PRIMARY MINE DEVELOPMENT
NAME OF OPENING SIZE
• PRIMARY DEVELOPMENT
VENTILATION SHAFT (2 in No.) 4.5m diameter
PRODUCTION SHAFT 7.5m diameter
DRIFT 4.5m x 4m
CROSS-CUT 4.5m x 4m
DECLINE 5.5m x 5m

16. SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT
Considering the ore strength, the level interval is fixed at 60 m for
the first level and 70 m for the subsequent levels.
Raising will be done by Raise Borer.
The Chain Pillar of 60m is left above the top level 1 in both side of
ventilation shaft.

17. MINING METHOD
• Applicability of Sublevel Stoping:
• Steeply Dipping Ore
• Thick Orebody
• Stable Hanging Wall & Foot Wall
• Strong Ore which separates readily from the walls
• Regular Ore Boundaries

18. • Since the ore body is regular, large, strong to fairly strong and
competent (RMR is good and UCS is 50MPa) and the wall rock are
self supporting (having UCS 100 to 75 MPa), in short meeting all the
requirements of SUBLEVEL STOPING.
• Hence we consider Sublevel Stoping as our Mining method .
• Cut & Fill Method could have a possible choice but Sub-level stope
appeared to be more appropriate .

19. STOPE LAYOUT
• Considering the geo technical data available stope layout is designed.
• The stope dimension:-
• length 100m,
• height
• Level 1 60m
• Level 2 70m
• Level 3 70m
• width of 60m.
• The Sill Pillar 10m (includes finger raises).
• Two sublevels are at the are 25 m apart vertically.
• The sublevels are tied to footwall ramp system.
• The ore extraction system consists of draw point which are 9m apart (
from center to center) and communicated to haulage drift.

21. Proposed Mining Machinery for Mine Working
Machinery Numbers
Development Jumbo for main headings 6
Development Loader both Diesel & Electric 5
Shotcrete Machine 2
Explosive Charger 2
Rock Bolter- Stope 2
Blast Hole Drill 4
Production LHD- Diesel 8
Impact Rock Breaker 8
ServiceVehicles 13
Main Pumps – Automatic 12
Cage Loading 2
Skip Loading 2

22. DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND SHEDULING
• The time taken two develop the mine is estimated 3 Years .this will include shaft
sinking period of 2 years. Drifting rate will be 100m/month for levels and crosscuts
which will take additional 1 year to reach the ore body. After sinking up to first
level the development of first horizon is being continued while sinking further.
• Scheduling of Main Shaft Sinking is as follows:
Sl.No. Milestone Target Actual Variance (Days) Status
1 Main Sink upto 150 m
2 Main sink to 565 m (First Station)
3 Main shaft Equipping start
4 Hoisting system commissioning
5 Main shaft commissioning

23. Production plan and scheduling
Keeping in mind the target of 3 Mt of ore production schedule the proper
production
Year Production/MT
1 --
2 --
3 0.19
4 1.5
5 2.5
6 -35 3.0
Total Reserve 140MT
No. of working Days 300
No. of shift 3
Working hours per shift 6
Estimated target per
day
10,000 tons

24. 3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Production MT
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6-35
Production

25. Manpower Requirement
OPERATIONS SKILLED MAN REQUIREMENT
Machine Operators 60
Helpers 40
Mining Worker 150

26. LIFE OF MINE
It has been given that Total Reserve = 140MT
Taking 70 % extraction of total reserve and production rate of 3Mt/year
Stoping Period = (140*0.7)/3 = 30yrs (approx.)
Therefore,
Life of mine = Development Period + Stoping Period + Additional
Time
= 4years+ 30year + 2 years
= 36 years

27. PROFITABILTY AND COST ANALISIES
• Average tenor = 1.25
• Production rate = 3Mt/year
• Current value of copper metal = 415364.375INR per tons
• With the production rate of 3mt/y total metal produced
= 3Mt×0.0125 = 0.0375mt
• Taking current stock rate total value of metal produced
= 0.0375 *106 * 415364.375= 1557.61 cr

28. Mining-cost distribution
development
30%
load & haul
supervision & 20%
service
14%
stope fill
1%
power
hoisting
general
stoping
11%
6%
5%
3%
crushing &
conveying
10%

29. REFERENCES
• ADRIASOLA, P & OLAVARRIA, S. Proyecto Chuquicamata Subterráneo.
• Proceeding 56th IIMCh Conference, Chilean Institute of Mining Engineers, Santiago,
• Chile, 2005.
• ARANCIBIA, E & FLORES, G. Design for underground mining at Chuquicamata
• Ore body. Scoping engineering stage. MassMin 2004: Proud to be Miners, A
Karzulovic
• M Alfaro (eds), Chilean Engineering Institute, Santiago, Chile, 2004, pp 603-609.
• El Teniente mine, Codelco – Chile.
• SME MINING ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
• KIDDS CREEK MINES