Focuses on different types of sexual assault, rapist characteristics, sexual assault victims adjustment, rape prevention

1. Chapter 18:
Sexual Coercion
Perla Moran
Araceli Guzman
Andrew Benton
Sharon Friedman
Marissa Cameras
Sally Narimousa
Lizbeth Ochoa
Jasmine Duenas
David Banda-Meza

2. Sexual Assault
• Any sexual activity that involves the use of force or threat of
force
• Involve motives of dominance or control over an individual
• Various types of sexual assault
Jasmine Duenas

3. Rape
• A type of sexual assault that usually involves
sexual intercourse.
• Sexual activity that takes place without
consent.
• In history, the only rapes that were punished
were those that we’re committed against
virgins.
Sally Narimousa

4. Forcible Rape
• Sex with a nonconsenting
person by the use of force
or the threat of force.
• Threat of physical force,
involving a gun or knife.
• Most cases of rape involve
some form of implied
forcible action.
• Traditionally a man could
not be convicted of raping
his wife, now we have laws
that will prosecute them.
Sally Narimousa

5. Statutory Rape
• Statutory rape is defined as any sexual activity with any person
under the legal age of consent, even if the person cooperates; unless
they are married.
• Each state has its own terms as to how to define statutory rape, that
is to say that different states also use different terms such as sexual
assault and sexual abuse to identify prohibited sexual activity. Since
each state defines statutory rape differently, has different degrees of
punishment depending on the sexual act, and age and age
difference between the offender and the victim.
• The age of consent varies by state, ranging from ages 14 to 18, in
most states the age of consent is age 16. Some states will carry out
the penalty for the violations depending on the age of the offender.
The tougher penalties are reserved for older offenders receiving
harsher penalties. California, uses harsher penalties for statutory
rape offenders who are 21 years old and older.
David Banda-Meza

6. Statutory Rape Penalties
• Anyone who engages in an act of unlawful sexual
intercourse with a person under age 18 and the
actor is not more than three years older or three
years younger, is guilty of a misdemeanor
• Up to one year in county jail
• Anyone who engages in an act of unlawful sexual
intercourse with a person under age 18 who is
more than three years younger than the actor is
guilty of either a misdemeanor or a felony
• Up to one year in county jail or by
imprisonment in the state prison (period
unspecified)
• Any person 21 years of age or older who engages
in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a
minor who is under 16 years of age is guilty of
either a misdemeanor or a felony
• Up to one year in a county jail or by
imprisonment in the state prison for two,
three, or four years
David Banda-Meza

7. Stranger Rape
• Rape committed by an assailant who is not previously known
to the person attacked.
• The stranger rapist often selects targets who seem vulnerable.
•
•
•
•
Women who live alone.
Women who are older.
Women who are retarded.
Women who are asleep or intoxicated.
Andrew Benton

8. Acquaintance Rape: Rape by an
acquaintance of the victim
•
•
•
Women are most likely to be
raped by men they know,
than by strangers.
Acquaintance rapes are less
likely than stranger rapes to
be reported to the police
because rape survivors may
not perceive sexual assaults
by acquaintances as rapes.
Despite public awareness,
many still think of rapists as
strangers lurking in the
shadows.
Sharon Friedman

9. Date Rape
• A form of acquaintance rape
• May involve drugs or alcohol
• 10% to 20% of women report being forced into
sexual intercourse by dates
• Date rapist may believe that acceptance of a date
indicates willingness to have sexual relations
Lizbeth Ochoa

10. Pedophilia
• A paraphilia that is
defined by sexual
attraction to children
• Exclusively males,
however some
women have been
reported to be
pedophiles.
Lizbeth Ochoa

11. Incest
• Marriage or sexual relations
between people who are
related by blood or
consanguineous
• It is a crime and punishable by
law, but some societies
permit it.
• Inbreeding results in
homozygosity, which can
increase the chances of
offspring being affected by
recessive or deleterious traits.
Marissa Cameras

12. Incest Continued…
• Different types of
incest
• Parent-child incest
• Father- daughter
• Mother-daughter
• Brother -sister incest
• Brother usually initiates
sexual activity
• Two most common are
father-daughter and
brother-sister
Marissa Cameras

13. Sexual Harassment
• Deliberate or repeated
unsolicited verbal
comments, gestures, or
physical contact of a
sexual nature that is
considered to be
unwelcome by the
recipient.
• 99% of harassers are
men.
• Can occur in the
workplace or on campus
Marissa Cameras

14. Myths of Sexual Harassment
• Sexual harassment is rare
• The seriousness of sexual harassment has been exaggerated
• Many women make up and report stories of sexual
harassment to get back at their employers or others who have
angered them.
• Women who are sexually harassed generally provoke
harassment by the way they look, dress, and behave.
• If you ignore harassment, it will go away.
Marissa Cameras

15. Gang Rape
Occurs when a group
of people participate
in the rape of a single
victim.
 Involves at least two
or more violators.
It may become more
aggressive as the
offending gang
member takes their
turn.
Araceli Guzman

16. Male to Male Rape
Refers to a sexual violation
of a man by another man
usually through forced anal
intercourse.
Defined as a penetrative
sexual act in which the
victim is unable or
unwilling to give uncoerced
consent.
 NOT true that men who
rape other men are gay
most are heterosexual.
Araceli Guzman

17. Partner Rape
• is defined as sexual acts
committed without a
person's consent and/or
against a person's will
when the perpetrator is
the individual's current
partner (married or not),
previous partner, or cohabitator.
• Partner Rape is probably
more common than date
rape because a sexual
relationship is already
established
Perla Moran

18. Partner Rape Continued…
• Motive for partner rape vary.
• Sex is a motive but some see sex as a way to dominate
their partner.
• Partner Rape has been largely unreported and
unrecognized as rape by survivors.
• Survivors of Partner Rape have similar experiences as
survivors of stranger rape (depression, anxiety, fear, and
sexual dysfunction)
Perla Moran

19. Rape by Women
• Rape by women is rare
• When it does happen the woman is helping and assisting men
who are attacking other women.
• Woman Rape may occur in gang rape, where the woman lures
another woman to a safe place where the rape will take place.
Or the woman may hold the other woman down while she is
being attacked.
Perla Moran

20. Rape by Women Continued…
• Some men have been raped by
women.
• Sarrel and Masters reported 11
cases of women who assaulted
men.
• Including a 37 year old man who
was forced to have sex with 2
women at gunpoint.
• In another case a 27 year old
man fell asleep in his hotel room
with a woman he met at a bar
then he awakened to find himself
tied down, gagged, and
blindfolded then forced to have
sex with 4 different women. They
threatened to castrate him if he
did not preform to their
satisfaction.
Perla Moran

21. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
• A type of stress reaction brought on by a traumatic event
-Flashbacks
-Disturbing dreams
-Emotional numbing
-Nervousness
Jasmine Duenas

22. Rapist: Who Are They?
• No single type of rapist
- Rapists vary in their psychological characteristics,
family backgrounds, mental health, and criminal
background
• Most rapist don’t show deep psychological
disturbance, instead have anti-social personality
disorder which enables them to violate their victims
without guilt, shame, anxiety, or empathy
• For some rapists, violence and sexual arousal are
tied together thus seek to combine sex and violence
to enhance their sexual arousal
Jasmine Duenas

23. Adjustment of Rape Survivors
• Many survivors are in crisis in the days and weeks
following the rape
• Experience:
-Depression
-Insomnia
-Crying frequently
-Eating problems
-Headaches
-Mood changes
-Anxiety
Andrew Benton

24. Continued…
• Can become withdrawn and mistrustful
• Can experience feeling of guilt or shame for the
assault
• Disturbances in sexual functioning are common
• Often report a lack of sexual desire, fear of sex, and
difficulty becoming aroused
Andrew Benton

25. Treatment of Rape Survivors
• Helps to foster long term adjustment
• Crisis intervention provides support and information
for coping with trauma
• Psychotherapy, involving group or individual
approaches, can help cope with emotional
consequences such as, self-blame, improve selfesteem, maintain loving relationships
Sharon Friedman

26. Rape Prevention
• Requires massive changes in cultural attitudes and socialization
process
• Educational intervention may reduce sexual assault incidences
• Colleges and universities offer coeducational sexual assault
prevention programs
• People can take precautions to lower their risk
David Banda-Meza