1. Bio 101 Plant AnatomyEx. 2-5 Post lab discussion

2. Meristems Based on location Apical meristem Lateral Meristem Based on origin Primary meristems Secondary meristems

3. Root apex vs. Shoot apex Root apex –bidirectional (root cap and towards the axis) SUBTERMINAL No lateral appendages No nodes and internodes Branching initiated beyond the region of most active growth

4. Fundamental Tissues Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

5. Parenchyma P-walls only; except for parenchyma found in secondary xylem Living Intercellular spaces

7. Collenchyma Angular Lamellar Lacunar

8. Sclerenchyma Differentiate: Sclereids Fibers FIBERS: a. Xylaryfibers— 1. libriform(absent in gymno) 2. fiber-tracheid b. Extraxylaryfibers– location?

10. Extra xylary fibers Monocot: bundle sheath Climbing dicots: cortical layer; pericyclic fibers

12. Sclereids brachysclereids– phloem, cortex and bark of stems ---flesh of fruits of pear Macrosclereids– testa of seeds of legumes Osteosclereids– seeds and leaves of dicots Astrosclereids--leaves

13. Parenchyma Origins Ground meristem Procambium Phellogen Vascular cambium

14. Collenchyma origins Ground meristem Procambium

15. Sclerenchyma origins Sclereid Parenchyma (sclerosis)—protoderm, procambium, or cambium, ground merisetm Fiber Procambium Cambium Ground meristem

16. Conducting Tissues XYLEM Vessels Tracheids Fibers (libriform and fiber-tracheid) Parenchyma– ray parenchyma and axial parenchyma PHLOEM Sieve tube or sieve cells Companion cells or albuminous cells Fibers (bast fibers) parenchyma

17. Vessel orTracheid? Imperforated Tapering ends Short and drum-like Arranged end to end Overlapping

18. Perforation (vessels) Simple Multiple Scalariform Reticulate foraminate

19. Secondary wall pattern Tracheids and vessel elements Protoxylem – annular or helical Metaxylem– scalariform; reticulate; pitted

21. Annular– helical– scalariform—reticulate--pitted

22. Phloem Sieve tube elements -- arranged end to end -- enucleate -- with specialized depressions at their end wall (sieve areas) ---sieve plates (end wall)

23. Sieve plate Simple Compound

25. Origins, Topography Vessel Tracheid Sieve tube Companion cell Sieve cell

26. Advantages Helical or annular tracheids?