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Industry      Report
Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco

      Distillers and vinters


                                                    2                       3  
                      1  

                                  CONCENTRATION             EXPECTED GRADUATION


Bielick, Josh                   ENTREPRENEURSHIP               RIGHT AFTER THIS

Cruickshanks, Sarah         ACCOUNTING – MANAGERIAL                  DEC 2012

Krouse, Stephen             ACCOUNTING – INFO SYSTEMS               MAY 2013
Kulik, Ksenia               MARKETING/INT’L RELATIONS          RIGHT AFTER THIS
IBIS      31214
2a) Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco
 Distillers   and   vinters




Distilleries in the US                 Key Players
                        IBIS   31214
                                        Wine	
  &	
  Spirits	
  
                                        Market	
  Share	
  
Major Business
                                                               BROWNFORMAN  

  Distilleries that purchase
  raw materials and                            19%             BEAM  
                                       40%  
  manufacture them into
                                                               CONSTELLATION  
  spirits (not beer).
                                            24%  
                      •  is(lling  
                       D                                       OTHER  

                      •  lending  
                       B                               17%  
                      •  o0ling  
                       B
2b) Strategic Challenges

 • Brown-Forman
   –  “…if we experienced a disruption in the supply of new oak barrels in which to
      age our whiskies, our business could suffer”1

 • Beam Inc.
   –  Our failure to attract and retain qualified personnel could adversely affect our
      business.2
   –  Recent Restructure from Fortune Brands

 • Constellation Brands
   –  purchases raw materials under short-term supply contracts, and is subject to
      substantial price fluctuations & limited group of suppliers of glass bottles.3
3) Employment Opportunities

•  Accounting
  –  Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing
     Clerks 2,300 1.4%
  –  Accountants and Auditors 990; .6%
  –  Credit Analysts 90; .05%1


•  Business Management
  –  Sales Managers 3,370 2.05%
  –  General and Operations Managers 3,050;
     1.86%1


•  Economics
  –  Financial & Purchasing Managers 640; .
     39%
                                              IBISWORLD.com2  
  –  Logisticians 60; .04%1
3b) Largest Employment Categories

 •  Transportation and Material Moving
    Occupations
      •  62,030; 37.77%


 •  Sales and Related Occupations
      •  56,310; 34.29%



 • Total Industry 164,210 people
4a) Trends in strategic and financial ratios
    Return                                    on    assets



                                                    Return	
  on	
  Assets	
  '06-­‐'11	
  (BF.A,	
  BEAM,	
  STZ)	
  
                                  25.0%  

                                  20.0%  

                                  15.0%  
                                                                                                                                   BF.A  
    Return	
  on	
  Assets	
  




                                  10.0%                                                                                            BEAM  

                                   5.0%                                                                                            STZ  


                                     0.0%  
                                         2005     2006        2007         2008                2009     2010     2011     2012  
                                  -­‐5.0%  

                                 -­‐10.0%                                           Year	
  
4b) Trends in strategic and financial ratios
    Operational                                                                                      efficiency



                                                                                            OperaIonal	
  Efficiency	
  ‘06-­‐’11	
  (BF.A,	
  BEAM,	
  STZ)	
  
                                                                             80.00%  
                                                                             75.00%  
    Gross	
  Margin	
  as	
  a	
  as	
  a	
  percentage	
  of	
  sales	
  




                                                                             70.00%  
                                                                             65.00%  
                                                                             60.00%                                                                                        BF.A  
                                                                             55.00%  
                                                                                                                                                                           BEAM  
                                                                             50.00%  
                                                                                                                                                                           STZ  
                                                                             45.00%  
                                                                             40.00%  
                                                                             35.00%  
                                                                             30.00%  
                                                                                   2005       2006       2007       2008               2009     2010     2011     2012  
                                                                                                                            Year	
  
5) Five Forces Analysis
      Force	
            Strength	
                                                    Evidence	
  
                                         Steady  Growth1  
  Compe((on                 High         Industry  is  highly  concentrated1  

                                         Consumer  preference  shiWing  towards  healthier  products  such  as  wine  1  

                                         There  is  a  large  variety  of  both  alcoholic  and  non-­‐alcoholic  subs(tutes  1  
   Subs(tutes               High  
                                         The  beers,  ciders  &  FABs  account  for  49%  of  the  markets’  value,  Spirits  –  29%1  


                                         Capital  outlays,  startup  &  equipment  costs  and  regulatory  hurdles  
 New  Entrants             Weak          deter  entry1        
                                   Many  suppliers  on  the  market  operate  small  scale    (commodity  
 Supplier  Power        Moderate   inputs)1  
                                   Increase  in  grain  prices  which  somewhat  boosts  supplier  power.    
                                         Switching  costs  for  retailers  are  not  high  and  consumers  have  a  lot  of  influence  on  
                                         retailers’  stocking  decisions1  
  Buyer  Power          Moderate         There  are  not  a  lot  of  opportuni(es  for  backward  integra(on  because  generally  
                                         consumers’  preferences  are  highly  based  on  quality  and  brand  image1  


           Expected	
  profitability	
  is	
  about	
  equal	
  to	
  the	
  cost	
  of	
  capital.	
  
6) Key Success Factors
     Key Success Factor                            Description
                                     Promotion and brand positioning is essential to
Effective Product Promotion1          success due to intense competition among
                                     brands.
                                     Mass production reduces average and marginal
Economies of   Scale1                costs, which is important for companies that
                                     compete mainly on price.

                                     A diverse array of product offerings can reduce
                                     the impact of bad performance in a specific
Economies of Scope1                  segment and appeal to a wider range of
                                     customers


Ability to limit exposure to price   Firm viability is dependent on procurring the
                                     necessary amount raw materials, many of which
changes of key inputs1               can volatile changes in price.


                                     Innovative firms are better able to proactively
Product Innovation2                  meet the needs of consumers with changing tastes
                                     and preferences.
7) Calculation for KSF Measurement
         Key	
  Success	
  Factor	
                  Selected	
  Measure	
                                                                           Example:	
  Beam	
  Inc.	
  	
  


                                                              Net  Revenues                                                                                 2,203  ÷  333.2  =                                                                  
 Effec(ve  Product  Promo(on  
                                                        Marke(ng  Expense                                                                                        6.61  

                                           (Net  Revenues  -­‐  Net  Income)                                                               (2,203  -­‐  699.5)  ÷  10,082.9  =                                              
 Economies  of  Scale  
                                                                Total  Assets                                                                             0.149  


 Economies  of  Scope                              (                  )  
                                                                  Total  Costs  
                                                              Net  Revenues  
                                                                                                                                    [(2,203  -­‐  699.5)    ÷  2,203]    ÷  70  =                                      
                                                                                                                                                     0.87%  
                                                    Product  Line  Breadth  


 Limited  Exposure  to  Price                        Variance  of    
 Changes  of  Key  Inputs                                                                                                                   0.000194	
  
                                        (Cost  of  Goods  ÷  Sold  Revenue)                                                                                                                                      	
  	
  
                                                    3	
  year	
  period	
  


                                                    Deprecia(on  Expense                                                                        90.9    ÷  (2,203  -­‐  699.5)  =                                                    
 Product  Innova(on  
                                                                 Total    Costs                                                                              6.49%  
8) Raw-Data Quantitative KSF Calculation Comparison


                                                     ConstellaIon	
   Brown-­‐Forman	
  
               Key	
  Success	
  Factor	
                                                Beam	
  Inc.	
  
                                                       Brands	
        CorporaIon	
  

  Effec(ve  Product  Promo(on                             25.65               9.26              6.61  


  Economies  of  Scale                                   0.421              0.791              0.149  


  Economies  of  Scope                                    1.16               2.38              0.87  


  Limited  Exposure  to  Price  Changes  of  Key       0.000916           0.000098          0.000194  
  Inputs  

  Product  Innova(on                                     4.30%              1.98%             6.49%  
9a) Strength Assessment Scores
Key	
  Success	
  
Factor	
               Weight   ConstellaIon	
  Brands	
               Brown-­‐Forman	
  Corp	
                 Beam,	
  Inc.	
  
                                                Strength   Weighte                   Strength     Weighted                  Strength      Weighted  
                                 Raw  Score     Score      d  Score   Raw  Score     Score        Score        Raw  Score   Score         Score  

Effec(ve  Product  
Promo(on                 0.2        25.648          5          1          9.260            3          0.6         6.613             1         0.2  



Economies  of  
Scale                    0.2         0.421          3         0.6         0.791            1          0.2         0.149             5          1  


Economies  of  
Scope                    0.2         0.012          3         0.6         0.024            1          0.2         0.009             5          1  


Limited  Exposure  
to  Price  Changes       0.2         0.001          1         0.2         0.000            5           1          0.000             3         0.6  
of  Key  Inputs  


Product  
Innova(on                0.2         0.043          3         0.6         0.020            1          0.2         0.065             5          1  


Total                     1                                    3                                      2.2                                     3.8  
9b) Low-Cost Leadership Strategy Competitive
Assessment
 Key	
  Success	
  Factor	
   Weight	
        ConstellaIon	
  Brands	
                Brown-­‐Forman	
  Corp	
                         Beam,	
  Inc.	
  
                                      	
       Strength	
  Score	
     Weighted	
      Strength	
  Score	
     Weighted	
  Score	
     Strength	
  Score	
     Weighted	
  Score	
  
               	
  
                                                                        Score	
  

EffecIve	
  Product	
  
                                    0.1	
              5	
                0.5	
                3	
                    0.3	
                    1	
                    0.1	
  
PromoIon	
  



Economies	
  of	
  Scale	
          0.4	
              3	
                1.2	
                1	
                    0.4	
                    5	
                     2	
  

Economies	
  of	
  
                                   0.15	
              3	
              0.45	
                 1	
                   0.15	
                    5	
                   0.75	
  
Scope	
  

Limited	
  Exposure	
  
to	
  Price	
  Changes	
  of	
      0.3	
              1	
                0.3	
                5	
                    1.5	
                    3	
                    0.9	
  
Key	
  Inputs	
  


Product	
  InnovaIon	
             0.05	
              3	
              0.15	
                 1	
                   0.05	
                    5	
                   0.25	
  


Total	
                              1	
                	
                2.6	
                 	
                    2.4	
                     	
                     4	
  

                                      	
                                                                                                                                	
  
9c) Differentiation Strategy Competitive
Assessment

 Key	
  Success	
  Factor	
   Weight	
        ConstellaIon	
  Brands	
               Brown-­‐Forman	
  Corp	
                        Beam,	
  Inc.	
  
                                      	
      Strength	
  Score	
     Weighted	
     Strength	
  Score	
     Weighted	
  Score	
     Strength	
  Score	
   Weighted	
  Score	
  
               	
  
                                                                       Score	
  

EffecIve	
  Product	
  
                                    0.3	
             5	
                1.5	
               3	
                    0.9	
                    1	
                  0.3	
  
PromoIon	
  



Economies	
  of	
  Scale	
         0.05	
             3	
               0.15	
               1	
                   0.05	
                    5	
                 0.25	
  

Economies	
  of	
  
                                    0.2	
             3	
                0.6	
               1	
                    0.2	
                    5	
                    1	
  
Scope	
  

Limited	
  Exposure	
  
to	
  Price	
  Changes	
  of	
      0.2	
             1	
                0.2	
               5	
                      1	
                    3	
                  0.6	
  
Key	
  Inputs	
  


Product	
  InnovaIon	
             0.25	
             3	
               0.75	
               1	
                   0.25	
                    5	
                 1.25	
  

Total	
                              1	
               	
                3.2	
                	
                    2.4	
                    	
                   3.4	
  
                                                                                                                                                                    	
  
Works Cited
  • Beam, Inc. (2011). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml

  • Beam, Inc. (2009). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml
  • Beam, Inc. (2007). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml

  • Brown Forman Corp. (2011). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/
       edgar.shtml
  • Brown Forman Corp. (2009). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/
       edgar.shtml
  • Brown Forman Corp. (2007). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/
       edgar.shtml
  • Constellation Brands, Inc. (2011). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/
       edgar.shtml
  • Constellation Brands, Inc. (2009). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/
       edgar.shtml
  • Constellation Brands, Inc. (2007). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/
       edgar.shtml
  • (2012). Hoover’s Industry Overview. Distilleries in the United States. Retrieved June 17, 2012 from Hoover’s.

  • (2011). IBISWorld Industry Report 31214. Distilleries in the US. Retrieved June 15, 2012 from IBISWorld database.
  • (2012). MarketLine Industry Profile. Alcoholic Drinks in the United States. Retrieved June 14, 2012 from MarketLine.  
  • Kell, J. (2012, Feb 12). Corporate news: Upbeat beam sees glass as half-full. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://
         search.proquest.com/docview/919736621?accountid=12725

  • May 2011 national industry-specific occupational employment and wage estimates. (2012, March 27). Retrieved from
       http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_424800.htm

  • Standard & Poor's. (2011, August 9). Industry surveys: Advertising. Retrieved from November 21, 2011http://80-
        www.netadvantage.standardandpoors.com.library.uor.edu/NASApp/NetAdvantage/index.do

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  • 1. Industry Report Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco Distillers and vinters 2   3   1   CONCENTRATION EXPECTED GRADUATION Bielick, Josh ENTREPRENEURSHIP RIGHT AFTER THIS Cruickshanks, Sarah ACCOUNTING – MANAGERIAL DEC 2012 Krouse, Stephen ACCOUNTING – INFO SYSTEMS MAY 2013 Kulik, Ksenia MARKETING/INT’L RELATIONS RIGHT AFTER THIS
  • 2. IBIS 31214 2a) Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco Distillers and vinters Distilleries in the US Key Players IBIS 31214 Wine  &  Spirits   Market  Share   Major Business BROWNFORMAN   Distilleries that purchase raw materials and 19%   BEAM   40%   manufacture them into CONSTELLATION   spirits (not beer). 24%   •  is(lling   D OTHER   •  lending   B 17%   •  o0ling   B
  • 3. 2b) Strategic Challenges • Brown-Forman –  “…if we experienced a disruption in the supply of new oak barrels in which to age our whiskies, our business could suffer”1 • Beam Inc. –  Our failure to attract and retain qualified personnel could adversely affect our business.2 –  Recent Restructure from Fortune Brands • Constellation Brands –  purchases raw materials under short-term supply contracts, and is subject to substantial price fluctuations & limited group of suppliers of glass bottles.3
  • 4. 3) Employment Opportunities •  Accounting –  Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 2,300 1.4% –  Accountants and Auditors 990; .6% –  Credit Analysts 90; .05%1 •  Business Management –  Sales Managers 3,370 2.05% –  General and Operations Managers 3,050; 1.86%1 •  Economics –  Financial & Purchasing Managers 640; . 39% IBISWORLD.com2   –  Logisticians 60; .04%1
  • 5. 3b) Largest Employment Categories •  Transportation and Material Moving Occupations •  62,030; 37.77% •  Sales and Related Occupations •  56,310; 34.29% • Total Industry 164,210 people
  • 6. 4a) Trends in strategic and financial ratios Return on assets Return  on  Assets  '06-­‐'11  (BF.A,  BEAM,  STZ)   25.0%   20.0%   15.0%   BF.A   Return  on  Assets   10.0%   BEAM   5.0%   STZ   0.0%   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2012   -­‐5.0%   -­‐10.0%   Year  
  • 7. 4b) Trends in strategic and financial ratios Operational efficiency OperaIonal  Efficiency  ‘06-­‐’11  (BF.A,  BEAM,  STZ)   80.00%   75.00%   Gross  Margin  as  a  as  a  percentage  of  sales   70.00%   65.00%   60.00%   BF.A   55.00%   BEAM   50.00%   STZ   45.00%   40.00%   35.00%   30.00%   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2012   Year  
  • 8. 5) Five Forces Analysis Force   Strength   Evidence   Steady  Growth1   Compe((on   High   Industry  is  highly  concentrated1   Consumer  preference  shiWing  towards  healthier  products  such  as  wine  1   There  is  a  large  variety  of  both  alcoholic  and  non-­‐alcoholic  subs(tutes  1   Subs(tutes   High   The  beers,  ciders  &  FABs  account  for  49%  of  the  markets’  value,  Spirits  –  29%1   Capital  outlays,  startup  &  equipment  costs  and  regulatory  hurdles   New  Entrants   Weak   deter  entry1   Many  suppliers  on  the  market  operate  small  scale    (commodity   Supplier  Power   Moderate   inputs)1   Increase  in  grain  prices  which  somewhat  boosts  supplier  power.     Switching  costs  for  retailers  are  not  high  and  consumers  have  a  lot  of  influence  on   retailers’  stocking  decisions1   Buyer  Power   Moderate   There  are  not  a  lot  of  opportuni(es  for  backward  integra(on  because  generally   consumers’  preferences  are  highly  based  on  quality  and  brand  image1   Expected  profitability  is  about  equal  to  the  cost  of  capital.  
  • 9. 6) Key Success Factors Key Success Factor Description Promotion and brand positioning is essential to Effective Product Promotion1 success due to intense competition among brands. Mass production reduces average and marginal Economies of Scale1 costs, which is important for companies that compete mainly on price. A diverse array of product offerings can reduce the impact of bad performance in a specific Economies of Scope1 segment and appeal to a wider range of customers Ability to limit exposure to price Firm viability is dependent on procurring the necessary amount raw materials, many of which changes of key inputs1 can volatile changes in price. Innovative firms are better able to proactively Product Innovation2 meet the needs of consumers with changing tastes and preferences.
  • 10. 7) Calculation for KSF Measurement Key  Success  Factor   Selected  Measure   Example:  Beam  Inc.     Net  Revenues   2,203  ÷  333.2  =                                                                   Effec(ve  Product  Promo(on    Marke(ng  Expense   6.61   (Net  Revenues  -­‐  Net  Income)     (2,203  -­‐  699.5)  ÷  10,082.9  =                                               Economies  of  Scale   Total  Assets   0.149   Economies  of  Scope   (                  )   Total  Costs   Net  Revenues   [(2,203  -­‐  699.5)    ÷  2,203]    ÷  70  =                                       0.87%   Product  Line  Breadth   Limited  Exposure  to  Price   Variance  of     Changes  of  Key  Inputs   0.000194   (Cost  of  Goods  ÷  Sold  Revenue)                                                                                                                                           3  year  period   Deprecia(on  Expense     90.9    ÷  (2,203  -­‐  699.5)  =                                                     Product  Innova(on   Total    Costs   6.49%  
  • 11. 8) Raw-Data Quantitative KSF Calculation Comparison ConstellaIon   Brown-­‐Forman   Key  Success  Factor   Beam  Inc.   Brands   CorporaIon   Effec(ve  Product  Promo(on   25.65   9.26   6.61   Economies  of  Scale   0.421   0.791   0.149   Economies  of  Scope   1.16   2.38   0.87   Limited  Exposure  to  Price  Changes  of  Key   0.000916   0.000098   0.000194   Inputs   Product  Innova(on   4.30%   1.98%   6.49%  
  • 12. 9a) Strength Assessment Scores Key  Success   Factor   Weight   ConstellaIon  Brands   Brown-­‐Forman  Corp   Beam,  Inc.   Strength   Weighte Strength   Weighted   Strength   Weighted   Raw  Score   Score   d  Score   Raw  Score   Score   Score   Raw  Score   Score   Score   Effec(ve  Product   Promo(on   0.2   25.648   5   1   9.260   3   0.6   6.613   1   0.2   Economies  of   Scale   0.2   0.421   3   0.6   0.791   1   0.2   0.149   5   1   Economies  of   Scope   0.2   0.012   3   0.6   0.024   1   0.2   0.009   5   1   Limited  Exposure   to  Price  Changes   0.2   0.001   1   0.2   0.000   5   1   0.000   3   0.6   of  Key  Inputs   Product   Innova(on   0.2   0.043   3   0.6   0.020   1   0.2   0.065   5   1   Total   1   3   2.2   3.8  
  • 13. 9b) Low-Cost Leadership Strategy Competitive Assessment Key  Success  Factor   Weight   ConstellaIon  Brands   Brown-­‐Forman  Corp   Beam,  Inc.     Strength  Score   Weighted   Strength  Score   Weighted  Score   Strength  Score   Weighted  Score     Score   EffecIve  Product   0.1   5   0.5   3   0.3   1   0.1   PromoIon   Economies  of  Scale   0.4   3   1.2   1   0.4   5   2   Economies  of   0.15   3   0.45   1   0.15   5   0.75   Scope   Limited  Exposure   to  Price  Changes  of   0.3   1   0.3   5   1.5   3   0.9   Key  Inputs   Product  InnovaIon   0.05   3   0.15   1   0.05   5   0.25   Total   1     2.6     2.4     4      
  • 14. 9c) Differentiation Strategy Competitive Assessment Key  Success  Factor   Weight   ConstellaIon  Brands   Brown-­‐Forman  Corp   Beam,  Inc.     Strength  Score   Weighted   Strength  Score   Weighted  Score   Strength  Score   Weighted  Score     Score   EffecIve  Product   0.3   5   1.5   3   0.9   1   0.3   PromoIon   Economies  of  Scale   0.05   3   0.15   1   0.05   5   0.25   Economies  of   0.2   3   0.6   1   0.2   5   1   Scope   Limited  Exposure   to  Price  Changes  of   0.2   1   0.2   5   1   3   0.6   Key  Inputs   Product  InnovaIon   0.25   3   0.75   1   0.25   5   1.25   Total   1     3.2     2.4     3.4    
  • 15. Works Cited • Beam, Inc. (2011). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml • Beam, Inc. (2009). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml • Beam, Inc. (2007). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml • Brown Forman Corp. (2011). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/ edgar.shtml • Brown Forman Corp. (2009). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/ edgar.shtml • Brown Forman Corp. (2007). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/ edgar.shtml • Constellation Brands, Inc. (2011). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/ edgar.shtml • Constellation Brands, Inc. (2009). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/ edgar.shtml • Constellation Brands, Inc. (2007). 10-K Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website http://www.sec.gov/ edgar.shtml • (2012). Hoover’s Industry Overview. Distilleries in the United States. Retrieved June 17, 2012 from Hoover’s. • (2011). IBISWorld Industry Report 31214. Distilleries in the US. Retrieved June 15, 2012 from IBISWorld database. • (2012). MarketLine Industry Profile. Alcoholic Drinks in the United States. Retrieved June 14, 2012 from MarketLine.   • Kell, J. (2012, Feb 12). Corporate news: Upbeat beam sees glass as half-full. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http:// search.proquest.com/docview/919736621?accountid=12725 • May 2011 national industry-specific occupational employment and wage estimates. (2012, March 27). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_424800.htm • Standard & Poor's. (2011, August 9). Industry surveys: Advertising. Retrieved from November 21, 2011http://80- www.netadvantage.standardandpoors.com.library.uor.edu/NASApp/NetAdvantage/index.do