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The costs of meat consumption
Health Effects:
    Is Meat the #1 Killer in America?
Heart Disease
 – 1 in 2 people will die from cardiovascular disease
 – Almost all of which are attributed to two sources:
   • 1) Saturated Fat
   • 2) Cholesterol
 – In the American diet, most of the saturated fat and all of the
   cholesterol comes from animal products
 – Consumption of meat, fish, poultry and dairy products is the
   primary cause of atherosclerosis and strokes in non-smokers
Health Effects:
    Is Meat the #1 Killer in America?
Heart Disease

• Compared to meat eaters, mortality from heart disease is only
  1/3 as high for lacto-ovo vegetarians, and only 1/10 as high for
  vegans
• Vegans have cholesterol levels 35% below average in US;
  averaging 128; Virtually impossible to get a heart attack is
  cholesterol is below 150;
• A plant-based diet is the only non-pharmaceutical way to achieve
  drastic cholesterol reductions
Health Effects: Is Meat the #1 Killer
             in America?
Cancer

• The China Study (China-Cornell-Oxford Study) finds link
  between animal protein (not only fat) and various cancers
• One study finds rates of cancer for vegetarians have 56%
  rate of all types of cancer (German Cancer Research
  Center)
• High fat, high protein foods (meat) linked to: prostate
  cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer..
Health Effects:
    Is Meat the #1 Killer in America?
Possible Counter-arguments

• Omitted Variable Bias- does the study control for exercise? An
  active lifestyle mitigates many potential risks; much of obesity in
  US (and heart disease?) may also arise from sedentary lifestyle.
   o Does China Study takes into account ("controls for") lifestyle
      differences
• Still possible to get cancer and other ailments from non-meat
  sources: e.g. cigarettes; many non-meat junk foods, etc. [but this
  doesn't refute the previous findings]
Health Effects: Is Meat the #1 Killer
             in America?
Obesity
• Obesity is an epidemic in the US
• In China, average person consumes 25% more calories, but
  obesity is rare (you don't get fat eating rice!)
   o eat only 6% as much animal protein as Americans
Osteoporosis

• Not caused by lack of calcium, but by a surfeit of protein
• Excess animal proteins acidify the blood, leaching calcium from
  the bones, which is excreted in urine
• Of 1,600 women 80 years or older, vegetarian women had lost
  only half as much bone mineral as meat-eating women, on
  average
Health Effects: Toxins

Toxins

• 95% of DDT (a carcinogen) comes from consumption of
  meat and dairy
• concentrated doses of pesticides: livestock feed has higher
  levels of pesticides than do crops for human consumption,
  and animals store these toxins in their fat
• breast milk of vegetarian women has only 1-2% of pesticides
  in their breast milk as the national average (New England
  Journal of Medicine)
Health Effects: Toxins

Contaminated Chicken
 • 30% chicken consumed in US contaminated with salmonella
 • 70-80% chicken contaminated with campylobacter --> 200-800
   deaths a year, 2-8 million cases of sickness a year
 • 25% of chickens covered with feces and bile
 • chickens are soaked in chlorine baths to clean them
 • Contaminated chicken kills at least 1,000 in the US per year
Health Effects: Toxins

Contaminated Fish
• 40% of fish tested in fish markets were found to be
  "beginning to spoil" (Consumer Reports)
• Often fish have been dead for two weeks or more
• PCBs found in 43% of salmon; catfish have high levels of
  DDT; mercury found in 90% of swordfish
Ecological Impacts:
                   Food versus Feed
• 1 lb of beef requires 16 lbs of grain
• Why? most of the solar energy is lost when converted
  into meat: only 11% of grass goes into the production of cow
  flesh;
• Cows are the most inefficient converters of feed, of all domestic
  animals
• The amount of grain required to produce a pound of beef could
  feed 32 people
• Cows have a protein conversion efficiency of only 6%; cows
  produce less tan 50kg of protein for every 790 kg of plant proteins
  they consume
Ecological Impacts:
                Food versus Feed
• 2/3s of our agricultural exports go to feed livestock abroad (and
  do not feed the hungry)
• 1/4 of the earth's landmass is used to as pasture for cattle and
  other livestock; 29% of the US is grazing land
• In some areas 50+ acres can be required to feed one cow
• Cattle production now the 4th largest "manufacturing" industry
  in the US
• 100,000 cows slaughtered in the US every 24 hours
Beef and Pollution

• Cows in the US generate about 1 billion tons of organic waste in
  the US every year
• Cattle feedlots account for more than 1/2 of organic waste
  pollution found in fresh water
• Organic wastes produced by a typical 10,000-head feedlot is
  equivalent to the waste generated in a city of 110,000 people
• 1 lb of grain fed beef now requires about 1 gallon of gasoline
• Cows emit massive quantities of methane, and is responsible for
  much of the rain forest destruction (which absorbs CO2)

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Bradford mvsu costs of meat

  • 1. The costs of meat consumption
  • 2. Health Effects: Is Meat the #1 Killer in America? Heart Disease – 1 in 2 people will die from cardiovascular disease – Almost all of which are attributed to two sources: • 1) Saturated Fat • 2) Cholesterol – In the American diet, most of the saturated fat and all of the cholesterol comes from animal products – Consumption of meat, fish, poultry and dairy products is the primary cause of atherosclerosis and strokes in non-smokers
  • 3. Health Effects: Is Meat the #1 Killer in America? Heart Disease • Compared to meat eaters, mortality from heart disease is only 1/3 as high for lacto-ovo vegetarians, and only 1/10 as high for vegans • Vegans have cholesterol levels 35% below average in US; averaging 128; Virtually impossible to get a heart attack is cholesterol is below 150; • A plant-based diet is the only non-pharmaceutical way to achieve drastic cholesterol reductions
  • 4. Health Effects: Is Meat the #1 Killer in America? Cancer • The China Study (China-Cornell-Oxford Study) finds link between animal protein (not only fat) and various cancers • One study finds rates of cancer for vegetarians have 56% rate of all types of cancer (German Cancer Research Center) • High fat, high protein foods (meat) linked to: prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer..
  • 5. Health Effects: Is Meat the #1 Killer in America? Possible Counter-arguments • Omitted Variable Bias- does the study control for exercise? An active lifestyle mitigates many potential risks; much of obesity in US (and heart disease?) may also arise from sedentary lifestyle. o Does China Study takes into account ("controls for") lifestyle differences • Still possible to get cancer and other ailments from non-meat sources: e.g. cigarettes; many non-meat junk foods, etc. [but this doesn't refute the previous findings]
  • 6. Health Effects: Is Meat the #1 Killer in America? Obesity • Obesity is an epidemic in the US • In China, average person consumes 25% more calories, but obesity is rare (you don't get fat eating rice!) o eat only 6% as much animal protein as Americans
  • 7. Osteoporosis • Not caused by lack of calcium, but by a surfeit of protein • Excess animal proteins acidify the blood, leaching calcium from the bones, which is excreted in urine • Of 1,600 women 80 years or older, vegetarian women had lost only half as much bone mineral as meat-eating women, on average
  • 8. Health Effects: Toxins Toxins • 95% of DDT (a carcinogen) comes from consumption of meat and dairy • concentrated doses of pesticides: livestock feed has higher levels of pesticides than do crops for human consumption, and animals store these toxins in their fat • breast milk of vegetarian women has only 1-2% of pesticides in their breast milk as the national average (New England Journal of Medicine)
  • 9. Health Effects: Toxins Contaminated Chicken • 30% chicken consumed in US contaminated with salmonella • 70-80% chicken contaminated with campylobacter --> 200-800 deaths a year, 2-8 million cases of sickness a year • 25% of chickens covered with feces and bile • chickens are soaked in chlorine baths to clean them • Contaminated chicken kills at least 1,000 in the US per year
  • 10. Health Effects: Toxins Contaminated Fish • 40% of fish tested in fish markets were found to be "beginning to spoil" (Consumer Reports) • Often fish have been dead for two weeks or more • PCBs found in 43% of salmon; catfish have high levels of DDT; mercury found in 90% of swordfish
  • 11. Ecological Impacts: Food versus Feed • 1 lb of beef requires 16 lbs of grain • Why? most of the solar energy is lost when converted into meat: only 11% of grass goes into the production of cow flesh; • Cows are the most inefficient converters of feed, of all domestic animals • The amount of grain required to produce a pound of beef could feed 32 people • Cows have a protein conversion efficiency of only 6%; cows produce less tan 50kg of protein for every 790 kg of plant proteins they consume
  • 12. Ecological Impacts: Food versus Feed • 2/3s of our agricultural exports go to feed livestock abroad (and do not feed the hungry) • 1/4 of the earth's landmass is used to as pasture for cattle and other livestock; 29% of the US is grazing land • In some areas 50+ acres can be required to feed one cow • Cattle production now the 4th largest "manufacturing" industry in the US • 100,000 cows slaughtered in the US every 24 hours
  • 13. Beef and Pollution • Cows in the US generate about 1 billion tons of organic waste in the US every year • Cattle feedlots account for more than 1/2 of organic waste pollution found in fresh water • Organic wastes produced by a typical 10,000-head feedlot is equivalent to the waste generated in a city of 110,000 people • 1 lb of grain fed beef now requires about 1 gallon of gasoline • Cows emit massive quantities of methane, and is responsible for much of the rain forest destruction (which absorbs CO2)