3. WHO - SUBJECT OF THE CLAUSE
The woman who called you is here.
The woman is here. She called you.
4. WHOM - OBJECT OF THE CLAUSE
The woman (whom) you called is here.
The woman is here. You called her.
Option: You can omit the object pronoun.
5. THAT / WHICH - SUBJECT OF THE CLAUSE
The phone that is red is here.
The phone is here. It is red.
The phone which is red is here.
The phone is here. It is red.
OPTION: "That" can also refer to a person;
"which" cannot.
6. THAT/ WHICH - OBJECT OF THE CLAUSE
The phone (that) you bought is here.
The phone is here. You bought it.
The phone (which) you bought is here.
The phone is here. You bought it.
Option: You can omit the object pronoun.
8. FIXES
The phone that is yours is here.
The pronoun must be next to the word it modifies.
The man that / whom you are talking
about isn't a friend.
"Which" cannot refer to a person. Use "that".
9. Omitting an Object Pronoun
CANNOT OMIT - SUBJECT PRONOUN OF
CLAUSE
The woman
who called you
is here.
(She called you.)
The phone
that is red
is here.
(It is red.)
The phone
which is red
is here.
10. Omitting an Object Pronoun
CAN OMIT - OBJECT PRONOUN OF CLAUSE
The woman
[whom] you called
is here.
(You called her.)
The telephone
[that] you bought
is here.
The telephone
[which] you bought
is here.
11. Relative pronoun ‘that’
which
who,
• This is the hardest problem that I have ever had to
face.
• This is the second car that broke down.
everybody, everyone, anyone, anybody,
someone, somebody, nobody, no one, all, none, any,
some, little, much, few, everything, anything,
something, nothing, only, very, it is
• Everything that I do seems to be wrong.
• This is the only example that I can give you.
12. Who
The man who speaks well is my brother.
= The man is my brother. He speaks well.
Whom
He is one of the men whom I feel I can trust.
= He is the one of the men. I feel I can trust him.
Whose
He is the man whose word is as good as his action.
= He is the man. His word is as good as his action.
13. That
noun
only
all , any ,
The cleverest man that speaks well is
my brother.
= The cleverest man is my brother.
He speaks well .
All books that are mine are on the table.
= All books are on the table. They are mine.
14. Which
,
The dog which was lost has been found.
= The dog has been found. It was lost.
The book (which) I read was very interesting.
= The book was very interesting. I read it.
The cat of which the fur is beautiful is in your
house.
= The cat is in your house. Its fur is beautiful.
15. Where
London where John lives is on the Thames
London is on the Thames. John lives in it .
Which
(
)
London which is an interesting city is on the
Thames.
London is on the Thames. It is an interesting
city .
16. (whom)
1.The man ………………… you want to speak to
has just left.
(whom)
2.Your father ,…………… you look like , was a great
friend of mine.
who
3.The little boy …………….brings the milk hasn’t
been for these days.
that
4.Take nothing ………………… is not necessary.
17. whose
5.A doctor ……….... patients trust him has great
responsibility.
that
6.This is the hardest problem…………… I have ever
had to face.
that
7.These are all ……….. we have in stock at present.
that
9.Any man ……........ listens to you is a fool.
that
10.Any paper ………… you read will give the same
story.
18. whom
11.Such a man……….. you like is not a good one.
12.That is not the same book which I read
……….
yesterday.
that
13.She is the prettiest girl ………. I have ever loved.
14.The teacher in the next class , whose name I can
………..
never remember , is very kind.
(whom)
15. The girl ………….. you are talking about left here.
(whom)
16.He is the man ………….. we think you mentioned.
19. Relative Pronouns
Refer back to a noun or pronoun
Mentioned before
My sister who is from Chicago visited me last weekend.
My sister, who is from Chicago, visited me last weekend.
