2. Rise to Power Minor Corsican Nobility Intelligent, Military Talent Military and Technical Eduation Enlightenment Values: Jacobin partisan Rose Rapidly in Revolutionary Army Politically Astute puts down Royalists in 1795, 1797
3. First Consulate Napoleon removes Director AbbéSiéyès and establishes the Constitution of the Year VIII Universal Male Suffrage, First Consul (Napoleon) in full authority Napoleon-appointed Senate, confirming legislation suggested by Napoleon-appointed Council of State. Secret Police, Censorship (60 of 73 newspapers shut down), arrest and execution of royalists Concordat with Roman Catholic Church, Organic Articles legalize Protestantism, Judaism
4. 1804 Napoleonic Code Public trials, juries, basic freedoms of Revolution, etc. Eliminates feudal privileges, serfdom, guilds, Church authority renews Revolutionary prohibition on worker organizations and guilds women 2nd class citizens: primacy of father over children and husband over wife Women’s property controlled by husbands divorce difficult; code eliminates exceptions and customary escapes But mandates distribution of inheritance among all children Code Napoleon spreads with conquests
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6. Napoleonic Wars Military Innovations Strategic use of Artillery Napoleonic Columns Mass Military General Staff System Operational Independence Hinge “An Army Travels On Its Stomach”
8. Napoleon’s Weaknesses Need for Total Control: Pride? Fear of Weakness? Accident of History? Exhaustion Avoidance England: Navy Spain: guerrilla Russia: Scorched Earth
10. Napoleon’s Defeats Austerlitz, Waterloo Exiled to St. Helena, Elba Congress of Vienna Preventing Another Napoleon France returned to 1792 Borders Monarchy Legitimized Commitment to Stability Treaties Binding on States, not leaders
11. Napoleon’s Legacies Stabilization of Revolution Napoleonic Code Sale of Louisiana Territory to United States Congress of Vienna and Balance of Power system Reactive Nationalism
