computer & multimedia

1. Multimedia:
Text and Graphics
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2. Multimedia Components
Audio
Cds Graphics
Video
Animation
A i i
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3. What is typography ?
It is the art of
choosing and
h i d
arranging font
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4. Typography
yp g p y
• What type of font should be
yp
used ?
• What font size is the most
suitable ?
• What is the suitable space to
p
separate each row of text ?
• What is the best contrast for the
title and the text body ?
y
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5. Font Classification
Classification of font :
Serif
Sans serif
Square serif
Script
Decorative / Alternative
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6. Font Classification
SERIF
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7. Font Classification
SANS-SERIF
SANS SERIF
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8. Font Classification
SQUARE-SERIF
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9. Font Classification
SCRIPT
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10. Font Classification
DECORATIVE &
ALTERNATIVE
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11. The Wheel of Colour
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12. The Saying goes …
Color affects our life.
Color is physical ……we see it.
Color
C l communicates ……we receive it
i t i
information from the language of
color.
color
Color is emotional ……it evokes our
feelings.
Bride M. Whelan
M .
(
(Color Harmony 2)...
y )
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13. Hot Colour
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14. Cold Colour
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15. Lukewarm Colour
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16. Cool Colour
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17. Light Colour
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18. Dark Colour
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19. Bright Colour
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20. Terms Related to Colour
Hue refers to colo r ( green yellow, red
H colour green, ello
and others)
Value refers to value of the brightness /
darkness
when we add more white colour, the
value is higher
when we add more black colour, the
value is lower
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21. Terms Related to Colour
Saturation the intensity, natural and richness
y,
of the colour
usually represents the middle
ll t th iddl
segment of the wheel of colour
pure colour (without white,
black and grey)
g y)
Tint colour which is added with white
little by little to become lighter
b
colour
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22. Terms Related to Colour
Shades colour which is added with
black little by little until it
becomes darker colour
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23. Basic Colour Schemes
Primary Colour
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24. Basic Colour Schemes
Secondary Colour
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25. Basic Colour Schemes
Tertiary Colour
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26. Basic Colour Schemes
Achromatic scheme
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27. Basic Colour Schemes
Monochromatic scheme
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28. Basic Colour Schemes
Complimentary scheme
p y
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29. Basic Colour Schemes
Split complimentary scheme
p p y
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30. Basic Colour Schemes
Clash scheme
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31. Basic Colour Schemes
Analogous scheme
g
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32. Basic Colour Schemes
Neutral scheme
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33. Text Layout
Elements of effective text
layout :
C – Contrast
R - Repetition
A - Alignment
P – P i it
Proximity
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34. Text Layout
Font Contrast
Contrast
C t t Colour C
C Contrast
Graphics Contrast
Repetition
Repetition of characters
R titi f h t
Repetition of g ap cs
epet t o o graphics
Combined Repetition of graphics and
text
te t
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35. Text Layout
Alignment
Alignment of characters
Graphics Alignment
Text and graphics Alignment
Proximity
Distance between characters
Distance between the graphics
g p
Distance between characters and
graphics
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36. Example 1
Think
Big,
Big
Start Small…
Locally
Implemented,
Implemented
a
Proven
Way
to
Global
Data
Warehousing
Success.
IDS
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37. Example 2
Think BIG
Act LOCAL
IDS
International Data Security
A Successful Global Data Warehousing Service
1003A Jalan Jelutong Utara, Bandar Virtual, 66710, Gnalk, AISYALAM
Tel. No. 06-03-66765944
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38. Example 3
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39. Graphic images
p g
• A digital display is divided into
discrete, individually addressable
points called pixels
• Images are produced by
assigning a color and intensity to
each pixel
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40. Screen Resolution (SR)
• The maximal image area of the
computer screen expressed in
screen,
horizontal and vertical pixels
• Standard screen resolutions:
• 640 x 480
• 800 x 600
• 1024 x 768
• 1280 x 1024
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41. Screen Resolution
• When screen resolution
increases, images become
i i b
smaller
• M t h screen resolutions with
Match l ti ith
actual screen size:
• 640 x 480 (ss: 14”, 15”)
• 800 x 600 ( 15” 17”, 21”)
(ss: 15”, 17”
• 1024 x 768 (ss: 17”, 21”)
0 7 , )
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42. Vector Graphics
• It is stored as a set of instruction
which describe the dimension
and shape of every component of
the drawing
• To display a vector graphic, each
graphic
instruction is read and converted
to the shapes and colors that
comprise the image
• Created by DRAW programs
(CorelDraw, MacDraw, etc )
(CorelDraw MacDraw etc.)
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43. Vector Graphics
• Advantageous:
• Object orientation: objects in a
g p
graphic can be manipulated
p
separately
• Good for line art and charts
• Disadvantageous:
i d
• The larger the graphic, the longer it
g g p , g
takes to render the image
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44. Bit Maps
• It is stored as a set of bits in
computer memory that define the
h d fi h
color and intensity of each pixel
y p
in an image
• Created by digitizing images
(photo, art work) or using PAINT
programs (PC P i b h
Paintbrush,
PaintShop Pro, etc.)
p )
• Also called raster or pixel maps
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45. Bit Maps
• Advantageous:
• C di l faster than vector
Can display f t th t
graphics
• Good for reproducing images with
complex variations in color,
shading and detail
• Disadvantageous:
• Require more disk space
• Fi d resolution can lead to
Fixed l ti l dt
scalability problems
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46. Image Resolution (IR)
• Size of the digitized image expressed
in horizontal and vertical pixels
• When IR and SR are identical, the
image fills the screen
i fill th
• A 320 x 240 pixel image on a 640 x
480 pixel display will be one half the
length and height of the screen and
g g
fill one quarter of the screen area
• When IR > SR, only a portion of the
SR
image can be displayed (required
scroll bars)
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47. Image Depth
• Image depth refers to the maximal
number of colors used in bitmap p
• Each pixel can have 1 or more bits of
color information attached to it
Bits Colors Uses
1 2 Text, line drawing
4 16 Simple drawings, graphics
8 256 Natural images
24 16.7M Photographic realism
g p
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48. Color Models
• RGB each component of colors;
red,
red green and blue is stored. For
stored
example: in 24 bit color, there will be
8 bits of info for each of the 3 colors
bit f i f f h f th l
• HSL color info is divided into
components of hue, saturation and
luminosity (intensity)
• CMYK components of cyan,
magenta, yellow and black are stored.
It is usually used for publishing
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49. Image File Size
• Size (in bytes) = (Height x Width x
Color Depth) / 8
• Sample file size for different images
size and color depths:
• Monocrome: (640 x 480 x 1 bit)/8
( )
= 38 KB
• 256 colors: (640 x 480 x 8 bits)/8 =
307 KB
• 16M colors: (640 x 480 x 24
l
bits)/8 = 922 KB
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50. Images : Issues
• High quality images
• Big file size
• High resolutions
• I
Image requirement will affect
i ill ff
hardware and software selections
including h i
i l di authoring and graphic
d hi
software, video graphics adapter, disk
space and data transfer rate
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51. Transfer Rate
• The table below shows sample of
transfer times for a hard disk with a 2
MB transfer rate and a CD-ROM
drive (2X) with a 300 KB transfer
rate
Image Size
I Si HDD CD-ROM
CD ROM
307 K 0.2
0 2 sec 1.0
1 0 sec
922 K 0.5 sec 3.1 sec
2359 K 1.2 sec 7.9 sec
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52. Techniques
• Techniques for reducing image size:
•R d
Reduce size of height and/or width
i f h i h d/ id h
of image
• Reduce the number of colors (ex:
image depth)
g p )
• Image data compression
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53. Image Compression
• Data compression reduces file size by
eliminating redundancy
• Compression involves two parts :
compression and decompression
called codecs
• Two types of data compression:
• Lossless output is exactly the
same compression (used for
programs and data) (done by
PKZIP, stacker)
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54. Image Compression
• Second type of data compression:
• Lossy a set of data will undergo
a loss of accuracy after
y
compression. Typically used on
image or graphics, animation,
g g p , ,
audio and video
• Eliminates info that is difficult for
our eyes to detect (Ex: eye is less
sensitive to change in color than it
is to change in intensity
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55. Image Formats
• Bitmap (.bmp)
• Internal format used by Windows
• Device Independent Bitmap (.dib)
• S d d windows bitmap
Standard i d bi
• Encapsulated PostScript Format
p p
(.eps)
• Used to exchange images between
programs and platform
• Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
( gif)
• Used to transmit and exchange
images betweenCKplatforms
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56. Image Formats
• Joint Photographic Expert Group
( jpg jp g)
(.jpg/.jpeg)
• Offers the greatest compression
(10:1 without visible loss)
• Targa (.tga)
• Used in high end image capture
(35% compression)
• Tagged Image File Format (.tif)
• Zsoft PCX (.pcx)
( pcx)
• Used to exchange images bewteen
programs
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