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The Northwest to 1870
PART 1
Competition in the Fur Trade
(pp 125 - 138 of Horizons)

J Marshall, 2014
Timeline:
167
• _______HBC created

•

•
•
•
•
•
•

0
178
_______NW Co created
3
181
_______Selkirk Settlement founded
2
181
_______Pemmican Proclamation
4
_______Selkirk’s treaty with the Cree
181
7
182
_______HBC/NW Co merge
1
_______Govt of Canada gets Ruperts Land
186
9
_______Red River troubles
186
9
1700

1800

1900
Drainage Basin

Hinterland: back country that provides resources
Heartland: settled regions that use resources to create goods
The Hudson’s Bay Company

Terms
Factor
Clerk
Factory
“Stay at the Bay”
Made beaver
Trade Goods
BC
H

• The Factor was like a god – the Governor was
even worse!
• Marriages were not encouraged
• Traded with various First Nations groups
• Strict trade standards – everything translated
into “made beaver”
• Strict timelines (H Bay open July – Mid-Sept
only
• All in-country workers were salaried
• Forced inland as resources shrank
The Northwest Company
Montreal, 1783

Terms
Montreal Partners
Hivernants/Wintering
Partners
Voyageurs
Portage
Canots du nord (7m/6
crew)
Canots du maitre
(11m/12 crew)
Pieces (40kg)
NW Co

• New France fell 1763; 1783
NW Co established (about a
century after the HBC)
• Initially outside HBC
territory/then in competition
• Hivernants went to hinterland
to establish trade and would
negotiate prices
• Hivernants were partners, not
salaried employees

• Canoe brigades moved pieces
from Ft William to Lachine
York Boat
Canoe
jmarshallchat.blogspot.com
to access the websites on York boats
and canoes

York Boat
Pros
Cons

Canoe
NW Co: Advantages
 Trappers accessed NW Co posts easier
 Hierarchy was less rigid than HBC
 Montreal partners managed overseas
business
 Hivernants could stay in the bush
 Hivernants had a vested interest in profits
 Explorers found new routes/mapped
 Trade prices were more flexible than HBC
 Willing to trade alcohol

IN WHAT ORDER WOULD YOU RANK THE
IMPORTANCE OF EACH?
HBC Problem Solving:
• Create a plan to win the fur trade competition
with the NW Co.
• Think about the pros and cons of your
decisions.
• Consider the short term and longer term
effects of your choices.
Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company and the Fur Trade in Canada
Canoe: click to access website

http://www.hbcheritage.ca/content/canoe/dash/full
end

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Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company and the Fur Trade in Canada

  • 1. The Northwest to 1870 PART 1 Competition in the Fur Trade (pp 125 - 138 of Horizons) J Marshall, 2014
  • 2. Timeline: 167 • _______HBC created • • • • • • • 0 178 _______NW Co created 3 181 _______Selkirk Settlement founded 2 181 _______Pemmican Proclamation 4 _______Selkirk’s treaty with the Cree 181 7 182 _______HBC/NW Co merge 1 _______Govt of Canada gets Ruperts Land 186 9 _______Red River troubles 186 9 1700 1800 1900
  • 3. Drainage Basin Hinterland: back country that provides resources Heartland: settled regions that use resources to create goods
  • 4. The Hudson’s Bay Company Terms Factor Clerk Factory “Stay at the Bay” Made beaver Trade Goods
  • 5. BC H • The Factor was like a god – the Governor was even worse! • Marriages were not encouraged • Traded with various First Nations groups • Strict trade standards – everything translated into “made beaver” • Strict timelines (H Bay open July – Mid-Sept only • All in-country workers were salaried • Forced inland as resources shrank
  • 6. The Northwest Company Montreal, 1783 Terms Montreal Partners Hivernants/Wintering Partners Voyageurs Portage Canots du nord (7m/6 crew) Canots du maitre (11m/12 crew) Pieces (40kg)
  • 7. NW Co • New France fell 1763; 1783 NW Co established (about a century after the HBC) • Initially outside HBC territory/then in competition • Hivernants went to hinterland to establish trade and would negotiate prices • Hivernants were partners, not salaried employees • Canoe brigades moved pieces from Ft William to Lachine
  • 10. jmarshallchat.blogspot.com to access the websites on York boats and canoes York Boat Pros Cons Canoe
  • 11. NW Co: Advantages  Trappers accessed NW Co posts easier  Hierarchy was less rigid than HBC  Montreal partners managed overseas business  Hivernants could stay in the bush  Hivernants had a vested interest in profits  Explorers found new routes/mapped  Trade prices were more flexible than HBC  Willing to trade alcohol IN WHAT ORDER WOULD YOU RANK THE IMPORTANCE OF EACH?
  • 12. HBC Problem Solving: • Create a plan to win the fur trade competition with the NW Co. • Think about the pros and cons of your decisions. • Consider the short term and longer term effects of your choices.
  • 14. Canoe: click to access website http://www.hbcheritage.ca/content/canoe/dash/full
  • 15. end