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Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company and the Fur Trade in Canada
1. The Northwest to 1870
PART 1
Competition in the Fur Trade
(pp 125 - 138 of Horizons)
J Marshall, 2014
2. Timeline:
167
• _______HBC created
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0
178
_______NW Co created
3
181
_______Selkirk Settlement founded
2
181
_______Pemmican Proclamation
4
_______Selkirk’s treaty with the Cree
181
7
182
_______HBC/NW Co merge
1
_______Govt of Canada gets Ruperts Land
186
9
_______Red River troubles
186
9
1700
1800
1900
3. Drainage Basin
Hinterland: back country that provides resources
Heartland: settled regions that use resources to create goods
4. The Hudson’s Bay Company
Terms
Factor
Clerk
Factory
“Stay at the Bay”
Made beaver
Trade Goods
5. BC
H
• The Factor was like a god – the Governor was
even worse!
• Marriages were not encouraged
• Traded with various First Nations groups
• Strict trade standards – everything translated
into “made beaver”
• Strict timelines (H Bay open July – Mid-Sept
only
• All in-country workers were salaried
• Forced inland as resources shrank
6. The Northwest Company
Montreal, 1783
Terms
Montreal Partners
Hivernants/Wintering
Partners
Voyageurs
Portage
Canots du nord (7m/6
crew)
Canots du maitre
(11m/12 crew)
Pieces (40kg)
7. NW Co
• New France fell 1763; 1783
NW Co established (about a
century after the HBC)
• Initially outside HBC
territory/then in competition
• Hivernants went to hinterland
to establish trade and would
negotiate prices
• Hivernants were partners, not
salaried employees
• Canoe brigades moved pieces
from Ft William to Lachine
11. NW Co: Advantages
Trappers accessed NW Co posts easier
Hierarchy was less rigid than HBC
Montreal partners managed overseas
business
Hivernants could stay in the bush
Hivernants had a vested interest in profits
Explorers found new routes/mapped
Trade prices were more flexible than HBC
Willing to trade alcohol
IN WHAT ORDER WOULD YOU RANK THE
IMPORTANCE OF EACH?
12. HBC Problem Solving:
• Create a plan to win the fur trade competition
with the NW Co.
• Think about the pros and cons of your
decisions.
• Consider the short term and longer term
effects of your choices.
14. Canoe: click to access website
http://www.hbcheritage.ca/content/canoe/dash/full